高三閱讀理解公開課課堂

1、1,Reading Comprehension,2,英語高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求,要求考生能讀懂簡易的英語文學(xué)作品，科普文章,公告，說明，廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文,段并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息,考生應(yīng)能,1,理解主旨大意,main idea,2,理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié),specific details,3,根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義,word meanings,4,做出判斷和推理,judgement and inference,5,理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu),passage structure,6,理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度,attitudes/opinions,3,一：主旨?xì)w,納題,Usual type

2、s,main idea; topic / best title; purpose,這種試題要求能把握文章的總體，并真正理解,主題和中心；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷,歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大,屬于高層次題,4,question forms,大意類,The main idea of the passage is,What is the passage mainly about,標(biāo)題類,Whats the best title / headline for the passage,The best title for the passage might be,作者意圖類,Whats t

3、he writers purpose in writing the,passage,The authors purpose of writing this passage,is,5,1,段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語,如,however, but, in,fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast,等,時,其后的句子很可能是主題句,2,首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的回答很可能就,是主題句,3,作者有意識地反復(fù)強調(diào)的觀點,通常是,主旨,反,復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的,關(guān)鍵詞,4,表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有,therefore,thus,in,

4、short, conclude,conclusion,等,找主題句的四個小竅門,6,Please,keep in mind,Practice,makes,perfect,Have a try! Guess the,main idea of each,passage quickly,7,Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health,Experiments show that cigarette smoking can,cause cancer. Besides the most serious and,terrible disease (illness

5、), cancer, cigarette,smoking also can cause other health problems,For example, it can give one a “smokers cough,Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette,smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an,unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking,is harmful. Is it worth it? (1 minute,P

6、lease find out the topic sentence of the passage,開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題,句所表達的主題思想,最常見的演繹法寫作方式,Passage1,8,Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent,無辜,的，無罪的，無辜者,. On the other hand, nobody,may look more innocent than a professional criminal,And the man who knows “everything” may really onl

7、y,be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to,try to judge a person only by his appearance,1 minute,Please find out the topic sentence of the passage,在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點,印象,結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題,這,是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式文章或段落的主題句常常會,出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如,so,on the,whole,as a,result, in short, therefore, thus,Passage

8、2,9,Passage 3,Success is often measured by the ability to overcome,adversity,困境，逆境,But, it is often the belief of others that,gives us the courage to try,J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series,began writing at age 6.In her biography, .became the first,person to encourage her and help

9、build the confidence that,one day she would be a very good writer,Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million,copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning,novelist in history. And it all began with her commitment to,writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend !

10、 (2,minutes,The text mainly tells us,A. hardship makes a good novelist,B. the courage to try is a special ability,C. you can have a wonderful idea everywhere,D. encouragement contributes to ones success,10,detail,Passage 4,Tom studied four years at the University of Paris,and decided to leave before

11、 his graduation. He,transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated,with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston,College provided him with an excellent legal back,ground. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida. (2 minutes,The main idea of this paragraph is that,_,A. Tom ha

12、d studied at Paris and moved to,another university,B. Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from,College,C. Tom was an excellent student at Berlin,university,detail,detail,11,Types of,Paragraph,Structures,Types,The position,位置,of the topic,sentence,At the beginning,At the end of the passage,In th

13、e middle,No clear topic sentence,12,What should we pay attention to,1,One swallow does,2,not make a summer,一燕不成夏,不要以偏概全,2,Transitional words and expressions,過渡詞,but, yet, however, although, in spite of,by contrast, on the contrary,13,How to tell the wrong choices,2,放大或縮小文章的主題，把文章的主題進行,放大或縮小,3,偷換概念，把

14、文章主題換成相關(guān)但不同的,主題,1,以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文,章中出現(xiàn)過的某一,觀點當(dāng)成整篇文章的主,題,14,How do we guess the meanings of new words,二：猜測生,詞的詞義,如何根據(jù)上下文判斷詞語的涵義,這種題型常見的設(shè)題方式,有,1,The,underlined,word,phrase,in the passage,means,_,2,The word it,them,in the first paragraph,refers to,_,3,The underlined sentence in the last paragraph,mea

15、ns _,_,4,Which of the following is,closest in meaning to,the underlined,word in the second paragraph,15,要求考生根據(jù)語境猜測生詞、短語,或句子的意思,或者推斷熟詞生義,題,干中常含有,mean, is closest in meaning,to, refer to, be replaced by,等。這類題在,廣東高考最近六年來,每年考查一個小,題,猜測詞語意思,16,例,1,The,herdsman,who looks after sheep, earns,about 650,yuan,a

16、 year,2.It will be very hard but also very,brittle,that is,it will break easily,牧羊人,that is,Rule1,to,use,_,根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞,definition/ explanation,Signal words,is, is called, be defined as,被定義為, like, the same,as, refer to, such, such as, like, for example/ instance,especially, include,Guess the,meani

17、ng,易碎的，脆性的,17,Rule2: to use_,例,1,Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is,detrimental,to your health. They also regard,drinking,as harmful,2.Most women in Ghana,the educated and,illiterate,the urban and rural, the young and old,work to earn,an income in addition to maintaining their roles as,house

18、wives and mothers,harmful,also,harmful,文盲的，不識字的,1,并列關(guān)系,Signal words,and, or, also, that is to say,換句話說,也就是說,in other words,換句話說,and,guess the,meaning,logical relationships,邏輯關(guān)系,18,例,3,There are charges for prescription and dental,care but many people, such as children, pregnant,women, pensioners, an

19、d those on Income Support,are,exempt,from payment,What does the underlined word,exempt,probably,mean,A.suffering B.different C.prevented D. free,but,charges,2,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行判斷,Rule2: to use_,4.She is usually,prompt,for all her class, but today,she arrived in the middle of her first class,Signal words,b

20、ut, however, yet, or, otherwise, while, though,on one handon the other hand, rather than,instead of,punctual,準(zhǔn)時的,logical relationships,收費，要價,19,Rule2: to use_,logical relationships,例,5,Hes such a,shrewd,businessman that he,loses no money in any trade,買賣，貿(mào)易，交易,6.The teacher did not hear the knock at

21、the door,because he was completely,engrossed,in his reading,smart/ sharp,精明的，敏銳的,such,that,Signal words,absorbed,專心致志的,全神貫注的,3,根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷,because, since, as, for, so, therefore,因此,sothat, suchthat, thus,Guess the meaning of the underlined word,because,20,Rule3: to use _,Some family names were made b

22、y adding something to,the fathers name. English,speaking people added,s or,son. The Johnsons are,descendants,of John; the Roberts,familys ancestor,祖先,was Robert,A.later generations B. friends and relatives,C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors,2) European countries, for the present, are deepl

23、y,mired,in economic troubles. It is reported that,their economic future looks uncertain and dark,A. trapped B. absorbed,C. engaged D. interested,context,根據(jù)上下文語境做出判斷,21,Rule 4: to use _,1,When he reached the place with his army, he found,an,im,pass,able,river in front of him,Impossible to travel on,o

24、r through,不能通行的,2) He fell into a ditch,溝，渠,and lay there,semi,conscious,for a few minutes,partially,conscious,word formation,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進行判斷,semi,前綴）半，部分,conscious,有知覺的，有,意識的，神志清醒的,22,Rule 5: to use,common sense and experience,根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗猜生詞,1) The sound of water gently,lapping,against,the side of

25、the boat during the silent night,was very pleasant,tapping,拍打,2) Rainforests like the Amazon are important for,mopping,up,CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global,warming,The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_,A. cleaning up B. taking in,C. wiping out D. giving out,打掃或清除干凈,吸入,理解，

26、領(lǐng)會,徹底消滅，全部摧毀,分發(fā)，發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等,像亞馬遜這樣的熱帶雨林對于吸收大氣中的二氧化碳,幫助減緩全球變暖有著重要作用,23,Rule 1,根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞,Rule 2,根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系（并列，對比，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果,Rule 3,根據(jù)上下文語境做出判斷,Rule 4,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進行判斷,Rule 5,根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗猜生詞,24,根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解對同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們在,以下幾個方面加強自我訓(xùn)練,1,猜測熟詞新含義,例,1: The major market force rests in the growing population,of,wh

27、ite-collar employees,who can afford the new service,例,2: “Thats impossible,” said he, who,runs,an Italian,restaurant,猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強的語境分析能力外，還要求,同學(xué)們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并,將這些詞進行簡要歸納整理,2,猜測詞性變換新詞含義,When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to,picture,modern l

28、ife,利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上,分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出,它的新詞義,猜詞能力,白領(lǐng)雇員,經(jīng)營,想象,25,1.On the farm they mainly raise,poultry,chickens, ducks and geese, both for,their eggs and their meat,家禽,26,2,Andrew,is,one,of,the,most,supercilious,men,I,know,His,brother,in,contrast,is,quite,humble,and,modest,sup

29、ercilious,高傲的,傲慢的,modest,謙虛的，謙遜的,27,3,Tim drank too much water,last night, so he went to,visit,john,twice,廁所,28,4.If you agree, write “yes”; if you,dissent,write “no,disagree,29,5.The river is so,turbid,that it,is impossible to see the,bottom even when it is,shallow,渾濁的，污濁不清的,30,6.All his attempts to unlock,the door was,futile,because,she was using the wrong key,徒勞的，無效的,31,7.She wanted the