現(xiàn)在完成時課件

1、語法課堂,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時,下一頁,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,have (has）+ 過去分詞,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑,Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am f

2、ree (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空,主菜單,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,上一頁,下一頁,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時 (半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far 等時間狀語連用,現(xiàn)在完成時

3、的主要用法,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時 How long / for / since / 句型遇到以下單詞的時候，就相當(dāng)于火焰遇到了冰塊。，結(jié)果冰塊必須服軟唄火融化。我們看一看究竟是哪些詞那么畏懼 How long /for/

4、 since,睡醒 wake up 起床 get up 來 come 去 go 買 buy 賣 sell,不可延續(xù)動詞（點動詞,遇到 How long /for since,必須變成可延續(xù)性動詞,be awake Be up Be here/ be in Be there Have,借出 lent 借入 borrow 開始 begin/ start 離開 leave 丟了 lose 開 open 關(guān) close 死亡 die 回來 return,Keep Be on Be away from,Not have,Be closed,Be dead Be back,Be opened,聽見 hea

5、r 看見 see 遇見 met 給予 give 到達 arrive 參加 join 婚禮 marry 生病 ill,Be a member of,Be married,Be ill,以上這些詞遇到How long / for /since 肯定句型時，點動詞要變成可延續(xù)動詞。 但是在否定句中，我們就不用變了,be there(here,觀察一下句型： 1 我已經(jīng)買了一輛車 I have bought a bike . 我已經(jīng)買這輛車兩年了 I have had the bike for two years (肯定） I haven/t bought the bike for two years

6、 （否定,2 那個老人已經(jīng)死了 That man has dead . 那個老人已經(jīng)死了很長一段時間啦 That man has been dead for a long time That man hasnt dead for a long time,3 我已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了 I have married 。 我自從十八歲就結(jié)婚了。 I have been married since I was 18 I havent married since I was 18 since 句型 ： 現(xiàn)在完成時 + since + 過去式,但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。 如：I havent boug

7、ht the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten ye

8、ars/since 10 years ago,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years,W,W,

9、W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there la

10、st year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,與一般過去時的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.

11、他曾買過一本英漢字典,上一頁,下一頁,第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”,第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調(diào)說明,主菜單,二當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時,上一頁,下一頁,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday,但since(自以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,

12、eg： They have known each other since 1950,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England,主菜單,三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago,We finished our task last week,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí),主菜單,動 詞 填

13、空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4. I _ (rea

14、d) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year,have read,has gone,did,go,went,

15、have developed,gave,has given,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five

16、years _ we met last time,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for

17、 several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改 錯 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has

18、become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting

19、might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met

20、D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning,6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round. A is B would C was D were 9. She _ such an interesti