蘇格拉底 英文介紹

1、Socrates,Socrates,A brief introduction of Socrates Socratic method Socratic wisdom Socratic virtue Socratic quotes,Born: 469 B.C. Birthplace: Athens, Greece Died: 399 B.C. Best Known As: The great Greek philosopher and famous educator,Socrates was born in Athens, Greece a ordinary citizens family. H

2、is father was engraver, and his mother was midwife. Socrates had flat nose, thick lips, protruding eyes, clumsy and small body. He looks ordinary, but had sacred ideals,蘇格拉底出生于希臘雅典一個普通公民的家庭。其父是雕刻匠，母親是助產(chǎn)婦。 蘇格拉底有扁平的鼻子，肥厚的嘴唇，凸出的眼睛，笨拙而矮小的身體。他容貌平凡，卻具有神圣的思想,Socrates led a hard life. No matter cold winter

3、or hot summer, he wore a common singlelayer, often didnt wear shoes, didnt pay attention to eat. But he did not seem to notice these, just to concentrate on scholar.His life examples and achievement thought,were recorded by his disciples,蘇格拉底一生過著艱苦的生活。無論嚴寒酷暑，他都穿著一件普通的單衣，經(jīng)常不穿鞋，對吃飯也不講究。但他似乎沒有注意到這些，只是專

4、心致志地做學問。他的生平事例，成就思想，均由其弟子記錄,The death 古希臘著名哲學家蘇格拉底 Socrates曾經(jīng)自幼隨父學藝，后 來，當過兵，曾經(jīng)三次參戰(zhàn)。大約在40歲左右蘇格拉底出了名，并進人五百人會議。大約公元前399年，蘇格拉底因“不敬國家所奉的神，并且宣傳其他的新神，敗壞青年”的罪名被判有死罪。在收監(jiān)期間，他的朋友買通了獄卒，勸他逃走，但他決心服從國家的法律，拒不逃走。后來在獄中服毒受死終年7O歲 Socrates friends wanted to help him escape. But Socrates felt that obeying the courts deci

5、sion was the right thing to do. Socrates spent his last day with his friends. Then, he calmly drank poison made from a hemlock（從芹葉鉤吻制取的毒藥） plant and died,when Socrates was in prison, he heard a new prisoner singsing a song which he never heard before. Socrates asked the prisoner to teach him the new

6、 song. The prisoner knew that Socrates was on death row, the execution was coming. Listening to his request, the prisoner was very surprised: you dont know what is going to be executed? Of course I know. Socrates easily answered. Why are you going to learn a new song?Socrates replied: i can sing one

7、 more song before I die .,Socrates learn a new song,蘇格拉底坐牢時，聽見隔壁牢房里有個新來的犯人在哼歌，那是一首新歌，他以前從未聽過。蘇格拉底急忙請求唱歌的獄友教他那首新歌。監(jiān)牢里的人都知道蘇格拉底是死囚，行刑日期迫近。聽了他的請求，唱歌的囚犯很吃驚：“您不知道自己馬上就要被處決了嗎？” “我當然知道?！碧K格拉底輕松地回答。 “那您為什么還要學新歌呢？”獄友不解地問。 這位偉人回答說：“這樣我死的時候就多會一首歌。,Socratic method,The method of teaching in which the master impar

8、ts no information, but asks a sequence of questions, through answering which the pupil eventually comes to the desired knowledge. It can also be called elenchus(譏諷),maieutic method (產(chǎn)婆術(shù),Generally speaking, it is a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on askin

9、g and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas. So in some sense, Socratic method equals to Stimulating Mode which is the essence of teaching philosophy of Kongfuzi,Socrates believed that his wisdom sprung from an awareness of his own ignorance. He knew that he knew

10、 nothing, and that all error came out of ignorance. Socrates believed that the best way for people to live was to focus not on accumulating possessions, but on self-development. Socrates believed that deals belong in a world that only the wise man can understand，making the philosopher the only type

11、of person suitable to govern others,Socratic wisdom,One of the best known sayings of Socrates is I only know that I know nothing. The conventional interpretation of this remark is that Socrates wisdom was limited to an awareness of his own ignorance. Socrates believed wrong doing was a consequence o

12、f ignorance and those who did wrong knew no better.,Socratic virtue,Socrates believed the best way for people to live was to focus on self-development rather than the pursuit of material wealth. The idea that humans possessed certain virtues formed a common thread in Socrates teachings. These virtue

13、s represented the most important qualities for a person to have, foremost of which were the philosophical or intellectual virtues. Socrates stressed that virtue was the most valuable of all possessions; the ideal life was spent in search of the Good. Truth lies beneath the shadows of existence, and

14、it is the job of the philosopher to show the rest how little they really know,One summer he built himself a house. The house is very small, the neighbors wondered, how could the house make him satisfied? You so a big shot, but their house into such a small box, what is the reason? There is really no

15、 reason reason. He said, but this place is small, but if I can make it withtrue friends, I will think you are happy,一個夏天，他為自己建造了一所房子。房子非常小，他的鄰居都很納悶，這房子怎么會使他滿意呢？ “您這么一個大人物，卻把自己的房子蓋成這么一個小盒子，有什么道理嗎？” “確實沒有什么道理?！彼f，“不過這個地方雖小，但是如果我能使它容下真正的朋友，我將會認為自己是快樂的。,The way Socrates tells people is very vivid, sopeo

16、ple never feel bored,Socrates and his house,那些總是贊美你的言行的人必定不是忠誠的朋友，忠誠意味著溫和的指出你的過失,1.Faithful are the wounds of a friend, but the kisses of an enemy are deceitful,2.He who is not contented with what he has, would not be contented with what he would like to have,對現(xiàn)在擁有的不滿足，那么對他所期待的也不會滿意,3.Employ your ti

17、me in improving yourself by other mens writings so that you shall gain easily what others have labored hard for,將你的時間用于閱讀他人的作品，別人費力學到的東西，你就能輕松獲得,4. Let him that would move the world, first move himself,要想改變世界，先要改變自己,5. It is not living that matters, but living rightly,活著不是重要的，重要的是怎么活,6. False words

18、are not only evil in themselves, but they infect the soul with evil,謊言不僅本身是罪惡的，還會讓你的靈魂墮落,Our best sources of information about Socrates philosophical views are the early dialogues of his student Plato, who attempted there to provide a faithful picture of the methods and teachings of the master. In t

19、he Socratic dialogues, his extended conversations with students, statesmen, and friends invariably aim at understanding and achieving virtue through the careful application of a dialectical method that employs critical inquiry to undermine the plausibility of widely-held doctrines. Destroying the il

20、lusion that we already comprehend the world perfectly and honestly accepting the fact of our own ignorance, Socrates believed, are vital steps toward our acquisition of genuine knowledge, by discovering universal definitions of the key concepts governing human life,Socratic and Plato,有一天，柏拉圖問蘇格拉底：什麼

21、是愛情？蘇格拉底說：我請你穿越這片稻田，去摘一株最大最金黃的麥穗回來，但是有個規(guī)則：你不能走回頭路，而且你只能摘一次。於是柏拉圖去做了。許久之后，他卻空著雙手回來了。蘇格拉底問他怎麼空手回來了？柏拉圖說道：當我走在田間的時候，曾看到過幾株特別大特別燦爛的麥穗，可是，我總想著前面也許會有更大更好的，於是就沒有摘；但是，我繼續(xù)走的時候，看到的麥穗，總覺得還不如先前看到的好，所以我最后什麼都沒有摘到蘇格拉底意味深長地說：這，就是愛情。 又一天，柏拉圖問蘇格拉底：什麼是婚姻？蘇格拉底說：我請你穿越這片樹林，去砍一棵最粗最結(jié)實的樹回來好放在屋子裏做圣誕樹，但是有個規(guī)則：你不能走回頭路，而且你只能砍一次。

22、於是柏拉圖去做了。許久之后，他帶了一棵并不算最高大粗壯卻也不算賴的樹回來了。蘇格拉底問他怎麼只砍了這樣一棵樹回來？柏拉圖說道：當我穿越樹林的時候，看到過幾棵非常好的樹，這次，我吸取了上次摘麥穗的教訓，看到這棵樹還不錯，就選它了，我怕我不選它，就又會錯過了砍樹的機會而空手而歸，盡管它并不是我碰見的最棒的一棵。這時，蘇格拉底意味深長地說：這，就是婚姻,還有一次，柏拉圖問蘇格拉底：什麼是幸福？蘇格拉底說：我請你穿越這片田野，去摘一朵最美麗的花，但是有個規(guī)則：你不能走回頭路，而且你只能摘一次。於是柏拉圖去做了。許久之后，他捧著一朵比較美麗的花回來了。蘇格拉底問他：這就是最美麗的花了？ 柏拉圖說道：當我

23、穿越田野的時候，我看到了這朵美麗的花，我就摘下了它，并認 定了它是最美麗的，而且，當我后來又看見很多很美麗的花的時候，我依然堅持著 我這朵最美的信念而不再動搖。所以我把最美麗的花摘來了。這時，蘇格拉底意味深長地說：這，就是幸福 柏拉圖又有一天又問老師蘇格拉底：什么是外遇？蘇格拉底還是叫他到樹林走一次可以來回走在途中要取一支最好看的花柏拉圖又充滿信心地出去兩個小時之后，他精神抖擻地帶回了一支顏色艷麗但稍稍焉掉的花，蘇格拉底問他：“這就是最好的花嗎？”柏拉圖回答老師：“我找了兩小時，發(fā)覺這是最盛開最美麗的花，但我采下帶回來的路上，它就逐漸枯萎下來”這時，蘇格拉底告訴他：“那就是外遇,Conclusion,Socrates was the most colorful figure in