2021年英語演講稿寫作及格式范本

1、精編word文檔 下載可編輯具體要求:a. 簡(jiǎn)要說明研究背景(background)b. 簡(jiǎn)要介紹總的發(fā)現(xiàn)(general findings)c. 介紹具體要點(diǎn)(introduction of points)d. 與現(xiàn)有發(fā)現(xiàn)(若有)進(jìn)行比較(comparison in the context of other studies)e. 意義(suggested meaning)f. 結(jié)論(conclusion)g. 前瞻研究(future studies)結(jié)論往往是論文中最長(zhǎng)也是最難寫的部分,主要原因是作者要對(duì)研究結(jié)果和發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析、推斷、演繹和推理,要求作者具有很強(qiáng)邏輯思維能力和英語文字組織能力

2、。此外,這部分時(shí)態(tài)比較復(fù)雜,要分清實(shí)驗(yàn)過程和結(jié)果(過去時(shí))與分析意見(確定:現(xiàn)在時(shí)不確定或假設(shè):過去時(shí))的區(qū)別他人研究結(jié)果(過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))與本研究結(jié)果(過去時(shí))的區(qū)別普遍適用的結(jié)論(現(xiàn)在時(shí))與只適用本研究的結(jié)論(過去時(shí))的其別等。因此,對(duì)于however, may, might, could, would,possibly, probably, be likely to 等詞(組)的使用以及we believe (think/ consider) that, to our knowledge, in our experience (practice) 等插入語的使用就顯得格外重要。示例:

3、parenteral nutrition is being used with increasing frequency as a primary source of caloric support in adult and pediatric patients with gastrointestinal problems. numerous complications have been associated withthe administration of tpn, including a significantly increased incidence of gallbladder

4、disease 3-5,7. the data here suggest that cholecystectomy is often required for the management of symptomatic gallbladder disease in this group of patients, and is associated with significant risks.說明研究背景,包括意義of the 35 patients who required cholecystectomy for tpn-induced gallbladder disease, operat

5、ive morbidity and mortality were 54 percent and 11percent, respectively. maingot 8 has stated that cholecystectomy “isone of the simplest and safest of the abdominal operations, and is associated with a low operative mortality rate (about .5 percent). a review of the pediatric literature suggests th

6、at when cholecystectomy is performed in children, the operative morbidity is less than 1 percent, and the mortality is less than 1 percent. 8,9 glenn 11 has reporteda mortality rate of less than .1 percent in over 5, patients underthe age of 5 years who underwent cholecystectomy. the morbidity and m

7、ortality observed in our group of receiving long-term tpn, therefore, were far in excess of what would be expected for a population of patientswhose mean age was 29 years. 提出本研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)并將其與其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相比較our data suggest that are specific factors unique to patients who require long-term tpn that contribute to

8、 the increased mortality and morbidity associated with cholecystectomy in this select group.以下,作者用較大篇幅分析了這類病人死亡率和并發(fā)癥增高的臨床、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和手術(shù)等方面的原因,原文從略based on the results of our studies, we believe that early cholecystectomy is indicated in patients with tpn-induced gallbladder disease. obviously, all patients

9、 with symptomatic disease should undergo cholecystectomy unless there specific medical contraindications. these operationsshould be performed in a timely, elective fashion because delay may result in the need for urgent surgery and thereby, increase an already high risk. although recent studies have

10、 suggested that cholecystectomy maynot be warranted in otherwise healthy patients with asymptomatic gallbladder disease 2, we believe that this axiom does not apply to patients with tpn-induced gallbladder disease. out data suggest that the natural history of gallbladder disease in patients receivin

11、g tpn is considerably different from that of their counterparts not receiving tpn. based on our findings, we recommend elective cholecystectomy in patients receiving tpn when gallstones first appear. furthermore, cholecystectomyshould be considered, especially in children without stones who are undergoing laparotomy for other reasons. 從對(duì)結(jié)果的分析及與其他研究的比較得出結(jié)論性意見,這是討論部分最重要的內(nèi)容 whether tpn-induced gallstones can be prevented through daily stimulated gallbladder emptying awaits the results of further studies. 前瞻研究5) 致