中考從句總復(fù)習(xí)

1、定語從句復(fù)習(xí)一、概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又是定語從句的成分。關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom，whose；關(guān)系副詞：where，when，why。三、關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that 既可以指人，也可以指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：l Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（作主語）l The coat（that）I put o

2、n the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（作賓語）2. which只用于指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：l The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）l The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）3. who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，

3、可省略。例如：l The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。（作主語）l Who is the teacher（who/whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）注意：（1）當(dāng)which，who，whom在定語從句中是作為介詞的賓語時(shí)，如果介詞沒有提前，which，who，whom可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：l This is the house in which we live

4、d last year. / This is the house (which) we lived in last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。l Please tell me the name of the person from whom you borrowed the English novel. /Please tell me the name of the person (whom) you borrowed the English novel from. 請告訴我借你這本英文小說的人的名字。（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：l Thi

5、s is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。（3）that 作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：l The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that，不能用which的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，例如：l He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為all，any，

6、much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，例如：l Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c. 先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，例如：l This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，例如：l I can remember well the persons and some pictures

7、 that I saw in the room. 我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that，例如：l Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：a. 先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that，例如：l Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that，例如：l This is the room

8、 in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：l Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。四、關(guān)系副詞的用法1when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。2where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。3why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。練習(xí)：選擇最佳答案填空：1. Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. who B. whom C. whic

9、h D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them 4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which ar

10、e not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those whoo

11、C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which11. -

12、Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom12. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one13. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it14. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other

13、day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it15. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree16. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which D. who17. The man _coat is black is wa

14、iting at the gateA. whos B whose C. that D. of which.18. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which；is B. whom；was C. who；is D. who；was19. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who20. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which w

15、e live C. where we live in D. we live in參考答案：1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA 11-15BBCAC 16-20 ABCCD賓語從句復(fù)習(xí)一、在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。l He said he was good at drawing. (動(dòng)詞賓語)l He asks him how long Mike has been down. (動(dòng)詞賓語)l Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類：1. 以that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

16、，主要用來引導(dǎo)陳述句形式的賓語從句，that可以省略。l The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.l She told me (that) she would like to go with us.2. 以連接詞which, what, who, how, where, why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，用來引導(dǎo)特別疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句是陳述語序。l Could you tell me whats the matter with you?l I want to know how soon it will begin.3. 以 whe

17、ther 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序。l I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei.三、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、或一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。l I want to know what time he got up this morning.l You are telling me that you wont stop until tomorrow?2. 當(dāng)主句為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)， 從句要用于過去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。l

18、 They asked what Jean was doing now .l Linda said that the train had left.3. 當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。l Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.l Polly said no news is a good news注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用，但以下情況例外：1. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用ifl We are talking about whether well go on t

19、he picnic.2. 引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或or not 連用時(shí)，只用whether.l Could you tell me whether you go or not?3. if當(dāng)如果講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，這時(shí)不能用whether.l You cant work the plan out if you dont have the meeting .練習(xí)：選擇最佳答案填空：1. -Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins

20、 B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2. - What are you talking about? - We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to

21、 ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will

22、show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A. will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, wi

23、ll be8. -Where does he come from? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the compu

24、ter10. -Do you know _? - Im not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do 1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA狀語從句復(fù)習(xí)一、狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞，副詞、主句等。狀語從句可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等意義。二、各類狀語從句連接詞（短語）一覽表：時(shí)間when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before,

25、whenever條件if, unless原因as, because, since地點(diǎn)where, wherever目的so that, in order that結(jié)果so that, sothat, suchthat讓步though, although, even if, however方式as 比較than, (not)asas, 例句：時(shí)間狀語從句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次來都帶個(gè)朋友。條件狀語從句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活著， 我就要學(xué)習(xí)。原因狀語從句：

26、Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我們住在海邊，能享受到好的天氣。地點(diǎn)狀語從句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我們都能看到的位置。目的狀語從句：Finish this so that you can start another.把這個(gè)做完，你可以開始另一個(gè)。結(jié)果狀語從句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他氣得說不出話了。讓步狀語從句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.雖然他身體不

27、好，但是他工作很努力。方式狀語從句：Students do as the teachers say.學(xué)生們按照老師說的去做。比較狀語從句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.這項(xiàng)工作比我想象得難。練習(xí)：選擇合適的連接詞，完成下列句子。1. Jim spends a lot of money on books _ he is not rich. 2. Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music.3. -Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold.4. We wont have supper _my mother comes back.5. Speak to him slowly _he may understand you better.6. _ she doesnt c