材料制備機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)理論中的新趨勢(shì)和新問(wèn)題外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯

1、 ABSTRACTNew Trends and Problems in Material Processing Machine Design TheoryAbstract: Based on reviewing the historical background, prospecting for the development trend, analyzing the complicacy and mechanism and summing up some achievements and experiences in scientific research, several new prob

2、lems and the possible direction of development in material processing technology and machine are proposed, such as, producing new concept materials possessing some specific and extraordinary properties by means of integrating and coalescing conelative frontier science and technology; and thereafter

3、a brief discussion is given.Keywords: interface; extraordinary physical field; procession machine; function material1The Time Background of Material Processing MachineIn the long span of history of human progress, many tools, machines and methods were created and a variety of materials with differen

4、t properties were processed. Materials and its processing have become one of pillar and driving force of mankind progress. In pace with multi - polar competition in current world and peoples striving perseveringly for happier life, material function goes beyond unceasingly mens knowledge and imagina

5、tion, for example, cryptic function material ,semiconductor material ,energy material, vibration - absorptive material, super - strength aluminum alloy accounting for 70 percent of application of aeronautics and space ,metal foil of 45m ,deep drawing plate with anisotropy below 1 percent, electronic

6、 aluminum foil with micro - orientation up to 95 percent, heat resisting aluminum alloy with super strong specific strength used in aeronautics, space and deep sea, etc. 1 ,2 Thus several important development trends with distinct time features in material processing domain are shaped up as follows:

7、 (1) Creating material processing machine with extraordinary physical field for processing material with special texture structures and functions. For example, applications of thermal energy and mechanical energy are breaking through unceasingly technology limit, and some non - tradition energy, suc

8、h as microwave, chemical energy, bioenergy, etc, are introduced into material processing procedure one after another, so that some material processing machines with extraordinary energy circumstance are produced. (2) Breaking through traditional physical limits and integrating melting, solidifying,

9、plastic deformation and heat treatment to obtain special function of material and cut down expenses3 . For example, near - net shaping material processing technology, such as fast rolling, spraying deposition, over - plastic molding, injection molding , high energy beam, etc, is applied.(3) Material

10、 processing process is forged ahead in the direction of high speed, heavy - duty and high accuracy online control, for instance, the rolling speed goes up to 130 ms - 1, the deformation pressure rises up to 300 MPa, accuracy of dimension up to 0.1m, accuracy of shape up to 0. 1 I, strength accuracy

11、comes up to 0.1 MPa. For these reasons, it is necessary for material processing machine design theory to integrate and coalesce ingeniously correlative frontier science and technology to create and produce some new concept material processing machine with following functions.2Due Functions of New Co

12、ncept Material Processing Machine(1) To have the ability to produce and bear extraordinary physical field and transmit extraordinary energy flow with the aim of providing extraordinary physical circumstances necessary for new concept material processing. For example ,high gradient temperature field

13、with the speed of cool - down of work interface which exceeds 104106 Ks - 1, line wave and pulse complex exerted in solidifying - deforming area, super - strength contact stress field of material forming interface, turbulent flow field of molten metal with very big flakiness ratio, low frequency mag

14、netic field with random frequency, microwave field for powder metal heating, ultrasonic field for large volume solidifying, etc. 4 , are applied.(2) To have the ability to work in critical state so that high stability and ideal performance of processing machine is ensured under the circumstance of r

15、einforced technological condition and multi - field coupling operation. For example, chatter suppressing capability of fast ultra - thin rolling under the condition of boundary lubricating state5 , the capability of self - excited vibration suppressing under the condition of special friction state,

16、synergism stability and disturbance stability of flexible connecting parallel shaft with multi - driving system, etc. 4 , are ensured. (3) To have the ability to accurately control the material processing in order to obtain low loss, high efficiency and high quality of material processing. For examp

17、le, super - high accuracy on - line monitor of products form, on line monitor and on - line adjustment of products texture and properties ,precision coordination control of multi - procedure, on - line monitor of micro - orientation of metal plastic deformation, etc. 4 , are ensured. Some products a

18、ccuracy index may be enumerated as follows: dimensional accuracy coming to 0.1m, microstructure uniformity to crystal lattice, strength error to 0.1 MPa, etc. 4 In short, only by new concept material processing machine with extraordinary function being designed and made, can special function materia

19、l be processed.3 Science Problems and Study Contents of Metal Material Processing MachineUnder the Circumstance of Extraordinary Physical Field. In view of these facts and background mentioned above, several new research topics can be advanced as follows.3. 1 Coupling Heat Transfer Mechanism of Mult

20、i - Phase Interface Temperature - Stress FieldA brand - new microstructure can be obtained through continuously large deformation and fast solidifying when melting metal is in critical state of liquid solid. At this very moment, high density heat flow and dynamic heat resistance are present in mater

21、ial processing circumstance6 ,7 . A basic theory problem of designing this kind of machine is to study mechanism of heat transmittance and energy conversion, and to establish mathematical model. 3. 2 Friction Constraint Mechanism of Plastic Flow Interface of Material Processing MachineThe coupling b

22、etween operation mechanism and workpiece is very complicated because plastic flow is present in processing interface. The interface state , determined by velocity, load thermodynamic process, elasticity of operation mechanism, plasticity of workpiece, dynamic behaviour of interface sticking - slidin

23、g and partial hydrodynamic lubrication, etc, affect and form friction constraints mechanism peculiar to material processing machine, because these constraints present strong non - linearity; and under certain circumstances, the constraints may be destroyed or mismatched instantaneously and thus dyna

24、mic instability is resulted in. Thus following problems can be put forward: Mechanism of“spectre chatter”arose from sticking - sliding friction and partial hydrodynamic lubrication in rolling interface, instability condition and mechanism of constraint between smooth surface and rotating body under

25、the circumstance of high speed, heavy - duty and boundary lubrication, Lubrication film absorption mechanism and physical chemistry behaviour of interface of unceasingly regenerative surface, the relationship between rheological characteristic and machine operation parameters. 3. 3 Multi - Body Non

26、- Linear Contact Mechanism Under the Condition of Extra - High Pressure FieldTo build the super strength pressure field on large area is one of basic function of material processing machine, and it is also necessary to form by once large - size structure element (such as spacecraft , intercontinenta

27、l vehicles ,car and large - scale aeroplane etc). The ability to build super strong pressure field is one of important feature and the base of independent national defense. Under the circumstance of super strength pressure field, multi - body strong nonhertz contact and non - linear friction will be

28、 produced, thus local permanent deformation and degrading of element accuracy may be led. New theory foundation of design of machine with super strength pressure field will be furnished through study of multi - body strong non - hertz contact mechanism , multi - body non - linear friction mechanism

29、(such as providing force - displacement mixed solving process of three - dimension multi - body). 3. 4 Load Distribution Law in Multi - Sliding Pair With Structure Bias LoadWith regard to statically indeterminate structure, load distribution of constraint point is determined by deformation compatibi

30、lity condition. However, concerning some plane large - size statically indeterminate structure with sliding degree of freedom in third dimension, load distribution can not be determined by deformation compatibility condition. Thus new theory basis will be provided by analyzing of contact behaviour a

31、nd mechanism of sliding pair (such as creep, force of friction, integral deformation compatibility condition, etc). 3. 5 Coupling Mechanism and Stability of Multi - Physical Fields in Material Processing SystemsIn the wake of system function becoming more and more diversified, conventional technolog

32、y limits in material processing machine is being broke through unceasingly, system structure also becomes increasingly complicated, and system performance becomes increasingly multi - causal . For example, any instantaneous state of roller in fast rolling mills is affected by elastic deformation ,pl

33、astic flow ,heat transfer process , hydro - dynamic lubrication process ,interface physical chemistry molecular state and so on5 . In addition, electromechanical coupling in processing system have already gone beyond conventional concept ,for instance ,some singular point phenomenon (such as micro -

34、 variable can be transformed into macro - variable), are present, thus roller operation instability may be led by perturbation8 . Therefore, this subject will study the interaction mechanism of multi - physical field and the influence on processing system stability and processing material quality st

35、arted with analysis of micro - state of executive body.3. 6 Multi - Technology Integration and Coalescence of Accurate ControlThe material processing machine, which operate under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field, is a complicated large - scale system, and some parameters of the syste

36、m vary on feasible field boundary; thereby, to keep under accurate control and adjustment of multi field circumstance, multi - dimension coordination, multi - energy conversion, multi - level information transfer, interface multi - process coupling, etc. is of much significance. Since a variety of m

37、ulti - interaction exists in control model, it is necessary to establish integration framework of coordination work according to decoupling of control model, so as to accurate control based on the multi - technology integration and coalescence is realized.3. 7 Quasi - Reality Design and Concurrent D

38、esign Based on Knowledge Innovation SystemsDigitalization and visualization of material processing technology will promote immediately the quality of design, operation and control. Therefore optimization of material processing technology and material processing machine by means of realization of vir

39、tual simulation of processing procedure through quasi - reality design and concurrent design is one of our pressing study subjects.3. 8 Mechanical Behavior of Special Function Materials in the Extraordinary Physical FieldMany key elements and parts in material processing machine are often under the

40、circumstance of super strong force field, temperature field, electronic magnetic field and flow field, and must have the functions of constructing special physical interface. However, it is difficult for common single - substance material such as metal, ceramic polymer, etc. to have both high index

41、of single property and excellent overall quality. Therefore we need to use certain material with new functions for key position9 , for instance, multi - dimension function gradient material with ultrahigh physical property, multi - dimension function gradient material with intelligence. For these re

42、asons, it is necessary to study basic law and mechanism of these kind of function material mentioned above, for instance, stress (strain) distribution function ,failure mechanism and design criteria of material under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field, static (dynamic) stiffness and da

43、mping, digitalization design and visualization design of processing system made of gradient function material, etc, so that the general mechanics law of element which is under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field and made of anisotropy multi - dimension gradient function material is obta

44、ined. Nowadays, material processing science and technology is forging rapidly ahead. A forward - looking study aiming at key technology problem of material processing machine will provide theory and technology reserve for manufacturing science and industry of 21st century.材料制備機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)理論中的新趨勢(shì)和新問(wèn)題摘 要:在全面綜

45、述材料制備機(jī)械技術(shù)及設(shè)備發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了研究領(lǐng)域的幾個(gè)新問(wèn)題和發(fā)展方向,如通過(guò)集成和融合現(xiàn)代相關(guān)前沿科學(xué)和技術(shù)，生產(chǎn)具有超常和特殊性能的新概念材料等,并進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要分析和討論。關(guān)鍵詞:界面；超常物理場(chǎng)；制備機(jī)械；功能材料1機(jī)械材料加工的時(shí)代背景在人類進(jìn)步的一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)，許多工具、機(jī)械和方法被提出來(lái)；不同的原料用不同的工具來(lái)加工。原料及其處理過(guò)程已經(jīng)變成了推動(dòng)人類進(jìn)步不可缺的一部份。在當(dāng)前世界中日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和人們追求幸福生活的今天，物質(zhì)的功能已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了人類現(xiàn)有的并不斷增長(zhǎng)的知識(shí)及想象。例如：神秘原料功能，半導(dǎo)體材料，原料能量有吸力的材料，在航空領(lǐng)域中占有70%份額的強(qiáng)力鋁合金45

46、um的薄金屬片，用各向異性深沖壓金屬板在1%以下；電子鋁箔與強(qiáng)耐熱鋁合金已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到航空、宇宙及深海領(lǐng)域中，等等；在原料加工加工領(lǐng)域中不同的時(shí)間段里，材料重要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)就這樣形成了：（1）在特殊的物理領(lǐng)域里制造原料加工機(jī)械，是為了能有特殊的質(zhì)地結(jié)構(gòu)和輔助性的加工功能。例如：運(yùn)用熱能和機(jī)械能能夠突破科學(xué)技術(shù)的極限，將一些不常用的能量，例如：微波、化學(xué)能、生物能等等，一個(gè)接一個(gè)的被引入到材料加工中來(lái)，因此一些加工特殊能量原材料的加工設(shè)備就被制造出來(lái)了。（2）突破傳統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)限制，將溶化、凝固、造型一體化，然后加熱得到具有特殊功能的原料，這樣就可以降低加工費(fèi)用。例如：材料加工整形技術(shù)，比如像快速翻滾，噴

47、霧處理、塑膠成型、噴射造型法、高能量射束等等被應(yīng)用。（3）原料加工處理正在向高速、重載和高精度在線控制方向上邁進(jìn)。例如：軋制速度達(dá)到130m/s，壓力變形已達(dá)到300MPa，尺寸精度達(dá)到了0.1um，成型精度已達(dá)到0.1i；濃度精度已達(dá)到0.1MPa。由于這些原因，原料加工機(jī)械設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)理論將科學(xué)與技術(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián)的領(lǐng)域有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)一中新概念材料加工設(shè)備是可能的。2對(duì)于新概念材料加工設(shè)備的期望功能（1）要有能力生產(chǎn)具有特殊物質(zhì)的領(lǐng)域；能傳送那些對(duì)于新概念材料加工在特定的物質(zhì)環(huán)境下是非常必要的特殊能流。例如：在高溫環(huán)境下能使那些高溫波或者脈沖以超過(guò)104106K/s的速度冷卻下來(lái)；將外表面的凝

48、固、變形合成一體，然后在將超強(qiáng)接觸面應(yīng)力重新組合成新的分界面；融化的大金屬薄片的湍流；隨機(jī)的低頻率磁場(chǎng)用于金屬末加熱的微波、用于大量凝固的超聲波等等都已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用了。（2）有能力在臨界狀態(tài)下工作，因此高穩(wěn)定性和理想性能的處理設(shè)備是在加強(qiáng)技術(shù)條件和室外操作的保證。例如：禁止在潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)下邊界上的搖晃；在特有的摩擦狀態(tài)下的抗震能力；有韌性的連接管的合力穩(wěn)定性和干擾穩(wěn)定性與軸相比更易驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。（3）有能力精確的控制原料加工而獲得低損耗、高功率、高性能的原料加工。例如：精確的在線監(jiān)測(cè)產(chǎn)品成型；在線監(jiān)測(cè)和在線調(diào)整產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)和器具還有在線控制金屬、塑膠成型的程序。產(chǎn)品的精確度指數(shù)可以列舉如下：宏觀上精確度可達(dá)到0.1um，微觀上的晶狀體結(jié)構(gòu)非常均勻，濃度誤差在0.1MPa 。簡(jiǎn)而言之，擁有特別功能的新概念原料加工設(shè)備應(yīng)該被設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)出來(lái)。這樣的話，那些特別性能的原料就能被處理加工了。3在特殊的物理領(lǐng)域和環(huán)境下金屬材料加工設(shè)備的問(wèn)題和需要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容由于這些原因和以上提到的背景，如