2021年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語命題預(yù)測試卷(八)

1、XX年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語命題預(yù)測試卷(八) Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and _rk A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points ) Some call it the S _rt Shooter, a new rifle for American infantry troops that is two weapons in one, is aurate up t

2、o 1,000 yards and in 1 fires 2 corners. Its message to enemies is that they can run but they cant hide. Still in the development phase, the rifle for xx has just been 3 off with great 4 by the Pentagon to members of Congress who will be asked to 5 the money. The _kers, Alliant Techsystems, say that

3、the weapon will revolutionize 6 bat much as the _chine gun. Pentagon jargon has given the new gun a(an) 7 title: the Objective Individual Combat Weapon. 8 one trigger, the rifle can fire a standard 5-56mm Nato bullet and a 20mm high explosive shell that will burst in the air. It can 9 shrapnel behin

4、d, 10 or even from the side of enemy troops who have taken 11 behind a building. The shell can be 12 to explode after a short delay. The weapons 1,000 yard auracy is twi _ 13 of other rifles, _de possible by a laser system built into the sight. This rangefinder fixes the target, measures the distan

5、_ and passes it along to a puter chip in the shell. The gunsight has an infrared lens for night 14. It can also have video camera with a zoom lens that is linked to a video display attached to the sol _rs helmet, allowing him to aim 15 without exposing himself to enemy return fire. But there are sna

6、gs still be 16 out. Two men were 17 when a shell burst in a barrel during firing tests. The rifle weighs more than 181b. There are questions whether its electronic innards will be rugged enough for rain, snow and difficult 18. Michael Klare, a professor of pea _ and world security issues and a board

7、 member of the Arms Control Association, says that the Pentagon is seeking this bination of firepower and auto _tion to pensate for the un _rtain aim of GIs. He said: Sol _rs wont have to worry about careful steady aim. Theyll just look 19 the viewfinder and 20 the trigger. 1A reality B affect C eff

8、ect D operation 2AatBinCbeyondDaround 3AputBshownCcheckedDgiven 4AprideBanxietyChonorDexpectation 5Aput upBcount inCpay forDlook for 6ALandBGroundCEarthDBase 7AnovelBbrilliantCpowerfulDawkward 8AUsedBFixedCUsingDFixing 9AsprayBspatterCsplashDsprinkle 10AoverBonCaboveDupon 11AaimBcoverCrisksDheed 12A

9、esti _tedBcalculatedCseededDtimed 13AasBthatCthanDmuch 14AvisionBsightCobservationDspeculation 15AexactlyBpreciselyCauratelyDcorrectly 16AremovedBironedC _deDdrawn 17AinjuredBhurtCharmedDwounded 18AterrainBdo _inCfieldDterritory 19AatBoverCintoDthrough 20ApushBpullCpressDjerk Section Reading Compreh

10、ension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points) Text 1 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pa _ of modern life, but _nners on the roads are b

11、eing horrible. Everybody knows that the ni _st men bee monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another _tter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well men

12、 neared motorist is the ex _ption to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a Be kind to Other Drivers campaign, otherwise it _y get pletely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good _nners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptatio

13、n to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes along way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and toleran _ so ne _ssary

14、in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, mispla _d politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car t

15、o emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the _n who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oning vehicles that _y be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old la _s to cross the road w

16、herever and whenever they care to. It always a _zes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bo _s of these grannies. A veteran driver, whose _nners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blo

17、ckages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone _ster the subtler aspects of boat _nship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would de _nd a lot more give and take from all road users. It is high time for all of us

18、 to take this message to heart. 21Aording to the first paragraph, which of the following reflects the situation on the roads? ATraffic Jams are _inly caused by the cost of petrol and the quick pa _ of modern life. BThe _nners of the drivers are the only reason for the traffic jams. CBe kind to other

19、 drivers is a campaign to change the rude drive. DPeople can not tolerate good _nners on the road. 22The author argues that road politeness . Acan better the traffic unconditionally Bcalls for a drivers cool-headed and good-tempered personality Ccan be found after the modern traffic conditions stand

20、 up Dare acknowledged by most drivers 23Which of the following does NOT illustrate mispla _d politeness? AEncouraging old la _s to cross the road at any time they want. BBraking suddenly to allow a car to emerge from a side street. CA motorist driving into traffic streams without considering others.

21、 DWaving a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oning vehicles. 24Aording to the experts, facing the car-ownership explosion, we should . Abe more considerate yield to each other Bmunicate with each other more often Chave a cool head and good temper Davoid mispla _d politeness 25The author

22、s attitude towards road politeness seems to be . AsuspiciousBindifferentCironicalDobjective Text 2 In the warm enclosed waters of farm ponds, conditions are very likely to be lethal for fish when insecticides are applied in the vicinity. As _ny examples show, the poison is carried in by rains and ru

23、noff from surrounding lands. Sometimes the ponds re _ive not only contaminated runoff but also a direct dose as rop dusting pilots neglect to shut off the duster in passing over a pond. Even without such plications, nor _l agricultural use subjects fish to far heavier con _ntrations of chemicals tha

24、n would be require to kill them. In other words a _rked reduction in the enclosure s used would hardly change the lethal situation, for applications of over 0.1 pound per acre to the pond itself are generally considered hazardous. And the poison, on _ introdu _d is hard to get rid of. One pond that

25、has been treated with DDT (殺蟲劑) to remove unwanted shiners re _ined poisonous through repeated drainings and flushings that it killed 94 per _nt of the sun fish with which it was later stocked. Apparently the chemical re _ined in the mud of the pond bottom. Conditions are evidently no better now tha

26、n when the modern insecticides first came into use. The Oklaho _ Wildlife Conservation Department stated in 1961 that reports of fish losses in farm ponds and s _ll lakes had been ing in at the rate of at least one a week, and that such reports were increasing. The conditions usually responsible for

27、 these losses in Oklaho _ were those _de familiar by repetition over the years: the application of insecticides to crops, heavy rain, and poison washed into the ponds. In some parts of the world the cultivation of fish in ponds provides an in dispensable sour _ of food. In such pla _s the use of ins

28、ecticides without regard for the effects of fish creates immediate problems. In Rhodesia, for example, the young of an important African food fish are killed by exposure to only 0.04 parts per million of DDT in shallow pools. Even s _ller doses of _ny other insecticides would be lethal. The shallow

29、waters in which these fish live are favorable mosquito-breeding pla _s. The problem of controlling mosquitoes and at the same time conserving a fish important in the Central African _t has obviously not been solved satisfactorily. 26.The authors tone in this passage can be best described as . Arepor

30、torialBsarcastic CcondemnatoryDmournful 27.Aording to the passage, the one factor that is not responsible for the presen _ of insecticides in ponds is . Athe weather bringing in rains Bhu _n error in crop-dusting Cmon farming methods Dindustrialization use of chemicals 28.The author uses the case of

31、 the Rhodesian fish in order to . Ashow the harmful effects of killing fish Bprove that problems are the same everywhere Cshow that fish is an indispensable sour _ in _t Dconsider the problem of controlling mosquitoes 29. In this passage, what the author does not do is . Astate a problemBgive exampl

32、es Cpropose a solutionDrelate causes 30.The last senten _ of this passage means that . Ayou can not control mosquitoes if you want to conserve an important fish Byou can not conserve an important fish if you want to control mosquitoes Cthe Central Africans will have no fish to eat if this fish cant

33、be protected properly Dit is not so easy and satisfactory to solve these two problems at the same time Text 3 The term joint international business venture, joint venture for short, has e to mean _ny things to _ny people. It sometimes is taken to mean any joint relationship between one or more forei

34、gn firms and one or more local firms. Such a broad definition is excluded here. Joint venture will be taken to mean joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based. Joint ventures can take _ny forms. A foreign firm _y take a _jority share, a minority share, or

35、an equal share in ownership. While it is not ne _ssary to have financial control or to have operating control, some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a _jority position in ownership. There are firms that have few qualms about holding minority position, however,

36、 so long as they can have operating control. They achieve this through technical-aid, _nagement, or supply contracts. It should be recognized that _intaining operating control is sometimes difficult if one does not have financial control too. Objectives of the participants _y diverge; when they do,f

37、inancial control bees important. Management _y wish to reinvest earnings while the _jority of the board _y wish earnings distributed as dividends. Unless policy issues of this kind can be settled amicably, lack of financial control can prove to be very unsatisfactory, if not fatal. Many joint ventur

38、es emerge as _tters of ne _ssity: that is, no single firm is willing to assume the risks entailed, while a consortium of firms is. Large, capital-intensive, long-lived investments are natural candidates for the joint venture. Exploitation of resour _ deposits often is done by a consortium of several

39、 petroleum or mining firms. Roles are par _led out even though each phase of the operation is owned jointly. One firm does the actual mining, another provides transportation, and still another does the refining and extraction. There is a wide variety of binations. Also the joint venture can pose pro

40、blems, especially if it is an enfor _d _rriage of partners. For _ny ventures in s _ll countries, it is difficult to find a suitable local partner, that is, one with sufficient capital and know how to be able to contribute to the partnership. In some developing countries, a s _ll handful of families

41、control the entire locally-owned part of the industrial structure. Under these circumstan _s, a joint venture merely insulates them further from independent, foreign-owned plants that would pete against them. For this and other reasons, the only suitable partner _y end up being the gover _ent itself

42、. Most multinational firms, however, shy away from such arrangements where possible. 31The phrase joint venture mentioned in the first paragraph refers to . A.any joint relationship between one foreign firm and one local firm B.any joint relationship between foreign firms C.joint ownership of an ope

43、ration in which at least one of the partners is foreign based D.all of the above 32 The word qualms in the second paragraph _y have the equal meaning with . A.abilitiesB.worriesC.possibilitiesD.limits 33 Aording to the author, which of the following is most important? A.Majority position.B.Operating

44、 control. C.Financial control.D.Support of the gover _ent. 34 Which of the following is not the advantages of the joint venture? A.It can assume more risks. B.It _y gather more capital. C.Large and long-lived investment can be carried out. D.The partners will _ke con _rted efforts towards one target

45、. 35 Which of the following is true aording to the text? A. A foreign firm often takes a _jority share in a joint venture. B.Lack of financial control _y be fatal to a firm participating in joint venture. C.Joint venture is very helpful to developing countries. D.Gover _ent is the best partner in a

46、joint venture. Text 4 In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. Aording to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it

47、is today, if _n continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took pla _, the i _ caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the cli

48、_te of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earths chief food-growing zones. In the past, con _rn about a _n- _de warming of the earth has con _ntrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker i _ sheet. But the weather experts are now

49、paying more attention to West Antarctic, which _y be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take pla _ in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Sa _ite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic i _ are already disappearing.

50、 The eviden _ available suggests that a warming has taken pla _. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influen _s on the we

51、ather have ex _eded those caused by _n. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have stu _d the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun.As the su

52、n rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or colder fa _s to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a l

53、ong term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward. Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual cli _te over _ny thousands of years, including the last I _ Age. The problem is that the models are predictin

54、g that the world should be entering a new I _ Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overe the inertia(慣性)of the earths cli _te. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving

55、as a useful counter-balan _ to the suns diminishing heat. 36.It can be concluded that a con _ntration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would . A.prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths su _ _ B.mean a warming up in the Antarctic C.aount for great changes in the cli _te in the northern hemisphere D.raise the temperature of the earths su _ _ 37.The article was written to explain . A.the greenhouse effect B.the solar effects on the earth C.the models of solar-weather interactions D.the causes affecting weather 38.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the