2021考研“考試蟲”英語8套模擬試卷(二)2

1、XX考研“考試蟲”英語8套模擬試卷(二)2 xx考研“考試蟲”英語8套模擬 _(二)2 _：xx-05-13 Text 3 In re _nt years, the life insuran _ industry has abandoned its emphasis on death benefits in favor of a living benefits focus. In 1970, 59% of pany premium (保險費） ine came from life insuran _ and only 10% from annuities (年保險金); today, 29%

2、of pany premium ine es from life insuran _, which nearly half es from annuities. The transition isnt rooted in a single cause, but in varied _rket for _s gathering simultaneously. Its origin coincided with the release of a 1978 Federal Trade Commission Report that unfairly criticized the rate of ret

3、urn paid on the inside buildup of a life policy(保險單). For the first time, the public attention focused on the life product as an investment rather than as a risk protector. Consumer groups soon spread the message. Then came double-digit inflation and rising interest rates, bringing with them new pet

4、ition for the life insuran _ premium dollar from other members of the financial servi _ industry. Traditional life insuran _ policies were being drained of cash values by policy owners who could earn 15% to 20% interest on policy loans pla _d in money- _rket investments. To check the cash outflow, i

5、nterest-sensitive products were developed. Meanwhile, the population was aging. For the 70 million Americans born between 1946 and 1961, retirement became an increasing con _rn. Doubtful about the gover _ents reliability in generaland of the Social Security trust fund in particular, most retirement-

6、minded individuals took _tters into their own hands and _de retirement funding a top con _rn. There were other contributing factors as well: the declining proportion of young _rried _s, the increase in childless couples and of individuals living alone, and the growing diversity in the American popul

7、ation specifically, the inflow of racial and national groups having different beliefs about security, death, and family responsibility. Finally , more individuals became covered by group insuran _ through their employer or a professional association, while the number of people not solely dependent u

8、pon a spouses (hu _and or wifes) ine increased almost correspondingly. Classifying families into five ine segments, life insuran _ ownership is increasing in the two highest segments and declining in the three lowest segments. Approxi _tely seven in ten households in the highest segment own individu

9、al life insuran _, pared to four in ten in the lowest segment. However, households with ines of more than $ 75,000 a year aount for only 10% of all U. S. households, _rtainly not a large enough segment to support the entire industry. Others within the financial servi _s industry such as banks are su

10、re to fill the spa _. Thus, despite the short-term advantages of serving the highest ine classes, the current trend could end the life insuran _ industrys days as a big business and transform it into a cottage industry. It is difficult today to picture life insuran _ as the protector of widows and c

11、hildren or to justify the continued tax advantages of investment-oriented life products to politicians. To retain the non-taxability of inside buildup and to restrain additional gover _ent regulation, the life insuran _ industry must again bee the principal financial advisor to the lower and middle

12、ine _rkets, which in turn will require either work-site and direct-response _rketing or a return to single-needs selling. 31. The authors pri _ry con _rn is to A.)identify the historical causes of the current trend in the life insuran _ industry. B.)argue for the ne _ssity of action to prevent furth

13、er erosion of the life insuran _ industry. C.)convin _ the reader of the tax reforms required to reverse the current trend. D.)evaluate alternative proposals for reforming the current life insuran _ industry. 32. It can be inferred from the passage that annuities A.)are attributable pri _rily to the

14、 new emphasis on living benefits. B.)aount for most premium ine for life insuran _ panies. C.)are a less popular form of life insuran _ today than in 1970. D.)tend to provide living benefits rather than death benefits. 33. The author considers the 1978 Federal Trade Commission Report to be unfair mo

15、st probably because it A.)failed to adequately aount for the benefits associated with risk protection. B.)failed to represent properly the rate of return on the inside buildup of a life policy. C.)contributed to the double-digit inflation that worsened national economy. D.)neglected to consider the

16、relative returns of other types of investments. 34. The author mentions all of the following possible ways for the life industry to reverse the current trend EXCEPT A.)offering products that fill a single insuran _ need. B.)introducing products that are sensitive to interest rates. C.)establishing a

17、n advisory relationship with the lower and middle ine _rket. D.)instituting a direct-response _rketing program. 35- The number of people entirely dependent on a spouses ine has A.)increased, but not as much as that of people covered by employers group insuran _. B.)increased, although their proporti

18、on in relation to the overall population has decreased. C.)decreased almost as much as that of people not covered by employers group insuran _. D.)decreased, but not so much as that of people covered by employers group insuran _. Text 4 Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good t

19、han poring over textbooks. That, at least， is the folk wisdom. And scien _, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral stu _s cannot distinguish between two peting theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when per _nent memories form.

20、The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then edited at night, to flush away(沖掉) what is superfluous. To _ the differen _, it is ne _ssary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Lie

21、ge University in Belgium has _naged to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and

22、brainwave tra _s resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic devi _ called PET to study the brains of people as they practi _d a task during the day, and as they slept durin

23、g the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light ing on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearan _ of the lights sometimes followed a pattern what i

24、s referred to as an artificial gram _r. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not. What is more, those with more to learn (i.e. , the gram _r, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains.

25、The editing theory would not predict that, sin _ the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.

26、The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinfor _d through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the _terial being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, _ths students can sleep soundly in the know

27、ledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door. 36. The phrase poring over in the 1st senten _ of the text _y be best interpreted as A.)memorizing with great effort. B.)studying with close attention. C.)learning ear

28、nestly from. D.)going thoroughly through. 37. The reason why sleep is good for the memory A.)is to be clarified by behavioral psychology. B.)is rooted in its function of relaxing the brain. C.)ties in its contribution to the for _tion of lasting memories. D.)stems from its piling memories and riddin

29、g things unwanted. 38. During REM sleep, all of the following happen EXCEPT A.)an increase in brain activities. B.)a rise in blood pressure. C.)the speeding up of the heartbeat. D.)the review of the days experien _s. 39. The experimenters found that their subjects A.) learnt quickly how to respond t

30、o the light stimuli. B.)- pushed the button faster in the absen _ of the light pattern. C.)increased their response time as they learnt the artificial gram _r. D.)picked up the artificial gram _r during their REM sleep. 40. The Belgian group reached the conclusion that A.)the second theory failed to

31、 cover all the brain responses during sleep. B.)REM sleep reactivates the connections between the nerves and the memory. C.)its beyond doubt that the subjects were learning in contrast with unlearning. D.)the brain works more efficiently by knowing a set pattern of things to be learnt PartB Directio

32、ns: In the following article, some senten _s have been removed. For Questions 4145, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choi _s, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Public schools

33、in the United States are being steadily more segregated, isolating black and Hispanic students in poor, largely minority schools, aording to a new study released April 5, 1997. The study found that between 1991 and 1994 there was the largest backward movement toward school segregation sin _ 1954, wh

34、en the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that laws enforcing segregated education under the separate but equal doctrine were unconstitutional. Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Indiana University in Bloomington conducted the study. 41)In American ra _ relation

35、s, the bridge from the 20th _ntury _y be leading back into the 19th _ntury. . . We _y be deciding to bet the future of the country on _ more on separate but equal, the study concluded. In 1972, after a 1971 Supreme Court decision _ndated school busing to desegregate school sys tems, 63.6 per _nt of

36、black students went to predominantly minority schools. That per _ntage re _ ined almost the same through the mid-1980s. 42) . Nearly 75 per _nt of Hispanic students the fastest growing segment of the school population attend predominantly minority schools, the study found. Schools in the South and a

37、long the Mexican border were leading the nation in the trend toward the segregation of black students. In the South, the proportion of black students in integrated, mostly white schools dropped from a high of 44 per _nt in 1988 to 39.2 per _nt in 1991 and 36.6 per _nt in 1994. The nations ten larges

38、t innercity school districts are predominantly black and Hispanic, the study found. But even in the suburbs, where minorities have moved in increasing numbers, the pattern of segregation for black and Latino students continued. By 1994 most Latino students living in suburbs went to schools that were

39、 64 per _nt nonwhite. The study found the relationship between segregation by ra _ and segregation by poverty is ex _ptionally strong. Only 5 per _nt of the nations segregated white schools fa _ conditions of con _ntrated poverty, while more than 80 per _nt of segregated black and Latino schools do.

40、 If the growing munity of Latino students is increasingly isolated in inferior schools, there could be a vicious cycle of declining opportunity, the report found. The study concluded that poor, segregated schools are unequal in a number of different ways that affect students academic achievement. Am

41、ong other things, high-poverty schools have to devote more time and resour _s to family and health crises and security. 43)_ . The focus is more often on remediation, rather than advan _d, de _nding classes. 44) 45)More and more minority parents, when asked what they care about for their kids school

42、s, no longer say they care about the skin color of the kid in the next seat, said Chester Finn, a prominent conservative _yst of education. They care if their child is going to a safe school that teaches them to read and write. (596) Seme education experts disagree with the studys conclusions, argui

43、ng instead that the trend toward school segregation reflects housing patterns and the search for ethnic identity on the part of minority parents. Despite vigorous resistan _ for _ny years by _ny southern states, by 1980 the federal45)More and more minority parents, when asked what they care about fo

44、r their kids schools, no longer say they care about the skin color of the kid in the next seat, said Chester Finn, a prominent conservative _yst of education. They care if their child is going to a safe school that teaches them to read and write. (596) A.)Seme education experts disagree with the stu

45、dys conclusions, arguing instead that the trend toward school segregation reflects housing patterns and the search for ethnic identity on the part of minority parents. B.)Despite vigorous resistan _ for _ny years by _ny southern states, by 1980 the federal courts had largely sueeded in eliminating t

46、he system of legalized segregation in southern schools. C.)But by 1995 the per _ntage of black .students isolated in minority schools had risen to 67.1 per _nt. D.)Although there are ex _ptions, students attending high-poverty schools fa _ a lower level of petition regardless of their own interests

47、and abilities, aording to the study. E.)Segregation usually resulted in inferior education for blacks, whether in the North or the South. Av erage public expenditures for white schools routinely ex _eded expenditures for black schools. F.)The study, Deepening Segregation in American Public Schools,

48、concluded that the trend toward segregation was aelerating, in large part because court cases in the 1990s have _de it easier for school districts to abandon desegregation plans. G.)They tend to attract less qualified teachers and are unable to hold on to qualified teachers for as long as wealthy sc

49、hools do. PartC Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) To avoid the various foolish opinions to which _n is liable, no superhu _n genius is required. A few _ rule

50、s will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error. If the _tter is one that can be settled by observation, _ke the observation yourself. 46) Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the _ devi _ of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth o

51、pen while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you dont is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable. Many _tters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experien _. 47) If, like most of _nkind, you have strong convictions on _ny suc

52、h _tters, there are ways in which you can _ke yourself aware of your own prejudi _. If an opinion contrary to your own _kes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciously are aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone _intains that two and two are five, or that I _land is o

53、n the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. 48) The most savage controversies are those about _tters as to which there is no good eviden _ either way . So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a differen _ of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the eviden _ justifies. For those who have enough psychological i _gination, it is a good plan to i _gine an argument wit