C上機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)六

1、 實(shí)驗(yàn)六 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?1.掌握運(yùn)算符重載的方法 2.學(xué)習(xí)使用虛函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)多態(tài)性 實(shí)驗(yàn)要求 1.定義Point類，有坐標(biāo)_x，_y兩個(gè)成員變量；對(duì)Point類重載“”(自增)、“”(自減)運(yùn)算符，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)坐標(biāo)值的改變。 2.定義一個(gè)車(vehiele)基類，有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)，由此派生出自行車(bicycle)類、汽車(motorcar)類，從bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托車(motorcycle)類，它們都有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)。觀察虛函數(shù)的作用。 3. (選做)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)4中的People類重載“”運(yùn)算符和“”運(yùn)算符，“”運(yùn)算符判斷兩個(gè)people類對(duì)象的id屬性是否相

2、等；“”運(yùn)算符實(shí)現(xiàn)People類對(duì)象的賦值操作。 實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 1.編寫程序定義Point類，在類中定義整型的私有成員變量_x_y，定義成員函數(shù)Point& operator+()；Point operator+(int)；以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)Point類重載“+”(自增)運(yùn)算符，定義成員函數(shù)Point operator()；Point operator(int)；以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)Point類重載“”(自減)運(yùn)算符，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)坐標(biāo)值的改變。程序名：1ab8_1Cpp #include using namespace std; class Point public: Point(); Point(int x,in

3、t y); Point() /Point類析構(gòu)函數(shù) Point& operator+(); /公有成員函數(shù) Point operator+(int); Point&operator-(); Point operator-(int); void Show(); private: int _x; /私有數(shù)據(jù)成員 int _y; ; Point:Point() /Point類構(gòu)造函數(shù) _x=0;_y=0; Point:Point(int x,int y) /Point類構(gòu)造函數(shù) _x=x; _y=y; Point & Point:operator+() /重載后置+運(yùn)算符為Point類成員函數(shù) _x

4、+; _y+; Point Point:operator+(int) /重載前置+運(yùn)算符為Point類成員函數(shù) Point old=*this; +(this-_x); +(this-_y); return old; Point & Point:operator-() /重載后置-運(yùn)算符為Point類成員函數(shù) _x-; _y-; Point Point:operator-(int) /重載前置-運(yùn)算符為Point類成員函數(shù) Point old=*this; -(this-_x); -(this-_y); return old; void Point:Show() /輸出Point的坐標(biāo)值 co

5、ut_x,_y)endl; int main() Point a(2,3); /定義一個(gè)Point類對(duì)象a Point b=a+; /定義Point類對(duì)象b并用a+初始化b Point c=+a; /定義Point類對(duì)象c并用+a初始化c Point d=-a; /定義Point類對(duì)象d并用-a初始化d Point e=a-; /定義Point類對(duì)象e并用a-初始化e coutPoint a(; a.Show(); /輸出a的坐標(biāo) coutPoint b(; b.Show(); /輸出b的坐標(biāo) coutPoint c(; c.Show(); /輸出c的坐標(biāo) coutPoint d(; d.Sh

6、ow(); /輸出d的坐標(biāo) coutPoint e(; e.Show(); /輸出e的坐標(biāo) return 0; 運(yùn)行結(jié)果： 2編寫程序定義一個(gè)車(vehicle)基類，有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)，由此派生出自行車(bicycle)類、汽車(motorcar)類，從bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托車(motorcycle)類，它們都有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)。在main()函數(shù)中定義vehicle、bicycle、motorcar、motorcycle的對(duì)象，調(diào)用其Run()、Stop()函數(shù)，觀察其執(zhí)行情況。再分別用vehicle類型的指針來調(diào)用這幾個(gè)對(duì)象的成員函數(shù)，看看能否成功

7、；把Run、Stop定義為虛函數(shù)，再試試看。 程序名：lab8_2cpp #include using namespace std; class vehicle /基類vehicle public: vehicle() vehicle() virtual void Run()coutThe vehicle is running!endl; /定義虛函數(shù)Run() Stop() 定義虛函數(shù)/ virtual void Stop()coutThe vehicle has stopped!endl; ; bicycle，聲明基類為派生類的虛基類 class bicycle: virtual publ

8、ic vehicle /定義派生類 public: void Run()coutThe bicycle is running!endl; void Stop()coutThe bicycle has stopped!endl; bicycle() bicycle() ; ，聲明基類為派生類的虛基類 /定義派生類motorcarclass motorcar: virtual public vehicle public: void Run()coutThe motorcar is running!endl; void Stop()coutThe motorcar has stopped!endl;

9、 motorcar() motorcar() ; motorcycle class motorcycle:public bicycle,public motorcar /以bicycle類和motorcar類作為基類派生新類 public: void Run()coutThe motorcycle is running!endl; void Stop()coutThe motorcycle has stopped!Run(); /通過指針調(diào)用vehicle類成員函數(shù) p-Stop(); p=&b; /使指針p指向bicycle類對(duì)象b p-Run(); /通過指針調(diào)用bicycle類成員函數(shù)

10、p-Stop(); p=&c; /使指針p指向motorcar類對(duì)象c p-Run(); /通過指針調(diào)用 motorcar類成員函數(shù) p-Stop(); p=&d; /使指針指向motorbicycle類對(duì)象d p-Run(); /通過指針調(diào)用motorcycle類成員函數(shù) p-Stop(); return 0; 運(yùn)行結(jié)果： 3. (選做)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)4中的People類重載“”運(yùn)算符和“”運(yùn)算符，“”運(yùn)算符判斷兩個(gè)people類對(duì)象的id屬性是否相等；“”運(yùn)算符實(shí)現(xiàn)People類對(duì)象的賦值操作。 源程序： #include #include using namespace std; class B

11、irthday public: Birthday(int Year,int Month,int Day); /構(gòu)造函數(shù) Birthday() /構(gòu)造函數(shù) Birthday() /析構(gòu)函數(shù) Birthday(Birthday &p); /復(fù)制構(gòu)造函數(shù) int showBirthday() ?潣瑵?敹牡?年?洼湯桴?月?搼祡?日; /內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù) int enter(); private: int year,month,day; ; Birthday:Birthday(Birthday &p) year=p.year; month=p.month; day=p.day; Birthday:Birt

12、hday(int Year,int Month,int Day) /Birthday類構(gòu)造函數(shù) year=Year; month=Month; day=Day; int Birthday:enter() ?潣瑵?生日:; cinyearmonthday; class people /定義people類 public: people() /people類構(gòu)造函數(shù) people() /people類析構(gòu)函數(shù) people(people &p); people operator=(people &); people operator-(people &); int show(); int enter

13、(); private: string number,id,sex; /字符串類型變量數(shù)據(jù)成員 類數(shù)據(jù)成員 Birthday p1; /Birthday; int people:show() ; sex 性別編號(hào) cout coutnumber; ; cout 生日調(diào)用Birthday類成員函數(shù) p1.showBirthday(); / idendl; coutsex; :; ?撓畯?尼編號(hào) cinnumber; :; 身份證號(hào)?撓畯?尼 cinid; 類復(fù)制構(gòu)造函數(shù) people:people(people &p):p1(p.p1) /people number=p.number; sex=

14、p.sex; id=p.id; 運(yùn)算符成員函數(shù)=重載people people:operator=(people &V) / if(id=V.id) cout have the same id! endl; else cout have different id!endl; people people:operator-(people &U) /重載-運(yùn)算符成員函數(shù) number=U.number; /使用字符串賦值運(yùn)算符 sex=U.sex; id=U.id; p1=U.p1; return *this; /返回this指針 int main() int t; people p2; /定義對(duì)

15、象數(shù)組p2 for(t=0;t2;t+) /輸入對(duì)象數(shù)組成員信息 潣瑵?輸入第?瓊?個(gè)人員的信息endl; pt.enter(); for(t=0;t2;t+) /輸出對(duì)象數(shù)組成員信息 cout第?瓊?個(gè)人員信息如下:endl; pt.show(); people p3; /定義people類的對(duì)象p3 p3-p1; /使用重載運(yùn)算符將p1賦給p3 cout第3個(gè)人員信息如下:endl; p3.show(); coutp0,p1; p0=p1; /使用重載運(yùn)算符-判斷p0和p1的id是否相等 return 0; 運(yùn)行結(jié)果： 思考題 1.如何將一個(gè)運(yùn)算符重載為類的成員函數(shù)？ 一般語(yǔ)法形式： 返回類型 operator 運(yùn)算符（形參表） 函數(shù)體 函數(shù)的參數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)比原來的曹祖數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)要少一個(gè)（后置“+”,“-”除外）。 2.如何將一個(gè)運(yùn)算符重載為類的友元函數(shù)？ 一般形式： friend 返回類型 operator 運(yùn)算符（形參表） 函數(shù)體 運(yùn)算所需的操作數(shù)都需要通過函數(shù)的形參表傳遞，在形參表中形參從左至右