聚焦定語(yǔ)從句(1)

1、聚焦定語(yǔ)從句“關(guān)系副詞、介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”篇溫故知新上個(gè)單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了關(guān)系代詞that / which / who等引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法，那么今天我們來(lái)共同探討一下when / where / why這類關(guān)系副詞是如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，并且我們還要零距離接觸“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”在先行詞和從句之間的用法。例句表現(xiàn)先觀察下面各句，嘗試總結(jié)一下：when / where / why都經(jīng)常放在哪類詞語(yǔ)后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句呢？它們又作什么成分？“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞” 又是如何放在先行詞和從句之間的？1. Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed wit

2、h you in the USA?2. The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down.3. The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didnt catch the bus.4. I have read the book in which you are interested.5. The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan.6. This is the

3、book which she is looking for.小結(jié)歸納when通常放在表示時(shí)間的名詞后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：句1；where放在表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，如：句2；而why經(jīng)常放在reason的后面來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，如：句3。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞一般能夠轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(which)”，即：when / where 可轉(zhuǎn)化為on / in / at . + which，why可轉(zhuǎn)化為for which（在口語(yǔ)中可用that或省略），這也是定語(yǔ)從句中的一種常見現(xiàn)象。需要特別注意的是此時(shí)介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用w

4、hich，that此時(shí)是不能和其互換的，如：句1、2、3。另外，指代先行詞的關(guān)系代詞which, whom在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，能夠把“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(which / whom)”一起放在先行詞和從句之間，介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which代物，用whom代人，如：句4、5；但含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面，如：句6。聚焦高考 下面讓我們來(lái)看看高考中對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句是怎樣考查的吧！1. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (上海 2005)A.

5、that B. which C. when D. where（注意：斜體部分為最佳選項(xiàng)。下同。）2. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? (北京2005春)A. where B. when C. that D. what 3. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (廣

6、東2005)A. in which B. by which C. which D. that4. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (江西 2005)A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 通過(guò)做上面的高考試題你發(fā)現(xiàn)了哪些特點(diǎn)？一起來(lái)總結(jié)一下吧：1） where放在表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可是不一定表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句都用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。選用什么

7、引導(dǎo)詞，要看定語(yǔ)從句中所缺少的成分，若缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where或“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(which)”，如：題1；若缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that / which，如：題2。同樣，當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間或原因的名詞時(shí)，是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也取決于引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧Ｈ糇鳡钫Z(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞(when, why)或“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(which)”，若作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞that / which。2）“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(which / whom)”放在先行詞和從句之間時(shí)，依據(jù)需要，介詞可以根據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定，如：題3；也可以根據(jù)從句中謂

8、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定，如：題4。即學(xué)即用 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. (重慶 2006)A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which2. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南 2006)A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which3. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.(山東 2006) A. where B. tha