高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一語法知識(shí)第三講非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、第三講非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_ more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14)Abeing allowed BallowingChaving allowed Dallowed答案B解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果狀語。句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。2Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding pass

2、es online _ their valuable time.(2017北京，27)Asave Bsaving Cto save Dsaved答案C解析考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)牌以節(jié)約他們的寶貴時(shí)間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。3_ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京，28)AOrdering BTo order CHaving ordered DOrdered答案D解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作原因狀

3、語。句意為：那些書一周前已經(jīng)預(yù)定了，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。 order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選D。4Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _ the sun and the stars.(2015重慶，11)Aused Bhaving usedCusing Duse答案C解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作方式狀語。句意為：就像古時(shí)候的水手一樣，鳥能利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。根據(jù)語境，use與其句中隱含的邏輯主語birds之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于by using the sun

4、and the stars的省略。5_ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津，8)ATo work BWorkedCTo be working DHaving worked答案D解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作時(shí)間狀語。句意為：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。句子主語Steve與動(dòng)詞work之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；同時(shí)work的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞managed to finish之前，故要用完成時(shí)。考點(diǎn)歸納1分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式、目的等；作狀語時(shí)，是用現(xiàn)在分詞還

5、是用過去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。如果是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般用過去分詞。分詞的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.由于來自父母的壓力，以及認(rèn)識(shí)到浪費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間，這個(gè)男孩決定不玩電子游戲了。(表示原因)Having finished his speech，he answered our question

6、s.做完演講后，他回答了我們的問題。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語the park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)2某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，lost/ab

7、sorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿著)，tired of (感到厭倦)，faced with (面對)等。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy.穿著一件紅色衣服，他更像一個(gè)女孩。3不定式作狀語主要表示原因、目的、結(jié)果等。表原因時(shí)常用在表情感和態(tài)度的形容詞后。如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的時(shí)其前可加上in o

8、rder或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表結(jié)果時(shí)其前通常與only連用，往往表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。不定式的插入結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，為固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。如：to be honest/to tell you the truth(老實(shí)說)，to be frank(說實(shí)話，坦率地說)，to begin with(首先)，to start with(首先)，to be more exact(更確切地說)，to sum up(總之，概括地說)等。They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.發(fā)現(xiàn)屋子里空無一人，他們感到很驚訝。(

9、表示原因)The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family.那人為了養(yǎng)家不得不在業(yè)余時(shí)間做些零活。(表示目的)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.湯姆乘出租車去機(jī)場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)高高地飛在空中。(表示結(jié)果)To be honest/To tell you the truth，I am a writer.跟你說實(shí)話吧，我是個(gè)作家?？键c(diǎn)2非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1The n

10、ational park has a large collection of wildlife，_ from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30)Aranging BrangeCto range Dranged 答案A解析句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.從到(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。2Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _ with his s

11、tudents.(2017北京，32)Ato spend BspendCspending Dspent 答案D解析句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，不過他仍然記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。the happy time與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式。3I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _.(2017天津，10)Acatching BcaughtCto catch Dto be caught答案C解析句意為：整個(gè)會(huì)議期間，我一直在看時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，

12、且catch與a train之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。考點(diǎn)歸納1分詞作定語，表示被動(dòng)、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being done；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用to be done。不定式作定語若表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，名詞前多用形容詞、分詞、序數(shù)詞等修飾。This is a problem discussed.這是一個(gè)已討論了的問題。This is a problem being discussed.This is a problem which is being discussed.這是一個(gè)正在被討論的問

13、題。This is a problem to be discussed.This is a problem which is to be discussed.這是一個(gè)將要討論的問題。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。2動(dòng)名詞作定語表示用途，如running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(畫板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候車室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。The swimmer ran to the side of the s

14、wimming pool and dived off.那游泳者奔到游泳池邊，縱身跳下?？键c(diǎn)3非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語(主語)補(bǔ)足語1I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.(2016浙江，19)Aworking BworkCto work Dworked答案A解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語。句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth.做某事很開心，是固定搭配，故選A。2Back from his two-year medical servi

15、ce in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home.(2015陜西，18)Ataking BtakenCtake Dbe taken答案B解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意為：李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。此處是“see賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。3He is thought _ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to bla

16、me for losing the job.(2014江西，34)Ato act Bto have actedCacting Dhaving acted答案B解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作主補(bǔ)。sb.be thought to.某人被認(rèn)為，是固定句式。句意為：他被認(rèn)為是舉止愚蠢的，現(xiàn)在失去這份工作他只能責(zé)怪自己，不能怨別人。根據(jù)句意可知，他表現(xiàn)很糟糕是在丟掉工作之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故B項(xiàng)正確?？键c(diǎn)歸納1非謂語動(dòng)詞(詞組)作感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。When I passed the house，I saw him reading and didnt disturb him.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過他家的時(shí)

17、候，我看到他正在讀書就沒有去打擾他。He had his wallet stolen at the station.他的錢包在火車站不幸遭竊。He got his brother to help him.他讓他的兄弟幫助他。2下列動(dòng)詞(詞組)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to，它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”五看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；三使(make，let，have)；二聽(listen to，hear)；一感覺(feel)。He was seen to get on the bus.有人看到他上了公共汽車。The

18、girl was made to cry.女孩被惹哭了。3動(dòng)詞keep，leave，set，catch及介詞with后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.對不起，讓您久等了。We cant leave such an important matter unfinished.我們不能讓這樣一件重要的事半途而廢。I caught him smoking a cigarette.我碰到他正在抽煙。With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out.由于有許多工作要

19、做，他不被允許出去?？键c(diǎn)4非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語1After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陜西，17)Ato thank BthankingChaving thanked Dto have thanked答案A解析句意為：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后，安妮本尼迪克特繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的事業(yè)中幫助過她的人。go on to do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)

20、做同一件事。拿獎(jiǎng)后又繼續(xù)做另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”，所以選A。2Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim？(2014陜西，12)Ato go BgoingCgo Dhaving gone答案B解析句意為：今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？feel like想要，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”。D項(xiàng)having gone表示動(dòng)作已完成，不符合語境。3The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without

21、_.(2014北京，35)Arecognizing Bbeing recognizedChaving recognized Dhaving been recognized答案B解析句意為：那位影星戴著墨鏡，因此他可以在沒人認(rèn)出的情況下購物了。without為介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞形式；the film star與recognize之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，即“being done”結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c(diǎn)歸納非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語的四種情況：1介詞后常常接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式就要省略to。2下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語afford付得起a

22、gree同意apply申請 arrange 安排ask要求 choose決定decide決定 demand要求desire請求 determine決心expect期待 fail失敗help幫助 hope希望 intend打算 manage設(shè)法offer主動(dòng)提出 plan計(jì)劃prepare準(zhǔn)備 pretend假裝promise答應(yīng) refuse拒絕want想要 wish 希望I want to have a talk with her.我想跟她談?wù)劇ur teacher decided to stay with us.老師決定留下來與我們在一起。My English teacher promi

23、sed to lend some books to me.我的英語老師答應(yīng)借給我一些書。3下列動(dòng)詞或詞組只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語admit承認(rèn)advise建議allow允許 appreciate感激avoid避免 bear忍受consider考慮 delay推遲deny否認(rèn) dislike不喜歡enjoy喜愛 escape逃脫fancy設(shè)想 finish完成forbid禁止 forgive原諒give up放棄 imagine想像keep保持 mention提及mind介意 miss沒趕上permit允許 practise練習(xí)prevent 阻止 prohibit禁止put off 推遲 repor

24、t報(bào)告risk冒險(xiǎn) resist抵抗suggest建議I advise waiting a few more days.我建議再等幾天。He tried to escape being punished.他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。We do not allow/permit smoking in the kitchen.我們不允許在廚房里吸煙。I appreciate being given this opportunity.非常感謝給了我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及這個(gè)問題，以免觸犯他

25、。4既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞，但兩者意思不同。meanforgetrememberregrettrygo onstopcant helpRemember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.臨睡前記著關(guān)燈。I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers.我記得在報(bào)紙上看到過關(guān)于這次地震的消息。Dont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.別忘了過一個(gè)小時(shí)左右把煤氣關(guān)小點(diǎn)兒。I shall never forget

26、 seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永不會(huì)忘記第一次看見長城的情景。I regret to say the job has been filled.十分抱歉，那個(gè)工作已經(jīng)有人做了。I regret saying what I said.I shouldnt have said it.我懊悔說了那些話。我是不應(yīng)該這樣說的?？键c(diǎn)5非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語1While waiting for the opportunity to get _，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2014安徽，32)Apromote

27、BpromotedCpromoting Dto promote答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)?shù)却龣C(jī)會(huì)升職的時(shí)候，亨利盡最大努力履行他的職責(zé)。這里使用了get done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _.(2014福建，30)Aconnected BconnectingCto connect Dto be connected答案A解析考查形容詞化的過去分詞作表語。句意為：對那些與家人離得比較遠(yuǎn)的人來說，個(gè)人電腦和電話在

28、保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持)，它是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。connected可作形容詞，意為“有聯(lián)系的，有來往的”，符合句意。考點(diǎn)歸納1不定式作表語表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。My goal is to be a scientist.我的目標(biāo)是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。What strikes me most is to see him always busy.使我感到驚訝的是總看見他很忙碌。2動(dòng)名詞作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。My favorite sport is skiing.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑雪。Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。3作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞

29、，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，用于說明主語的性質(zhì)與特征。過去分詞作表語和系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，往往表示主語所處的一種狀態(tài)，有時(shí)候用于“getv.-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)中。The report is very encouraging.這個(gè)報(bào)告非常鼓舞人心。I got confused，even bored.我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有點(diǎn)煩了?？键c(diǎn)6非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1_the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽，27)AIgnore BIgnoringCIgno

30、red DHaving ignored答案B解析句意為：忽視這兩個(gè)研究結(jié)果的不同將是你犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。從will be one of the worst mistakes you make來看，will的前面部分是主語，因此用v.-ing短語作主語。這里表達(dá)一般情況，因此不用完成式。2Its standard practice for a company like this one _ a security officer.(2014山東，9)Aemployed Bbeing employedCto employ Demploys答案C解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后

31、面的“_ a security officer”；再根據(jù)句型“It isn.for sb.to do sth.”，知選to employ。考點(diǎn)歸納1動(dòng)名詞作主語往往表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。有時(shí)候用it作形式主語，常用于Its no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。2不定式作主語往往表示一

32、個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作、一種愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主語it代替。常見的it代替不定式作形式主語的句型有：It isadj.(for sb.) to do sth.It isn.(for sb.) to do sth.It isadj.of sb.(to do sth.)To stop the work now seems impossible.It seems impossible to stop the work now.現(xiàn)在停止這項(xiàng)工作似乎是不可能的。Its so nice to hear your voice.聽到你的聲音真高興。It wont be easy for you to f

33、ind a job.找一份新工作對你來說不容易。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了?？键c(diǎn)7獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1Much time _ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江蘇，24)Abeing spent Bhaving spentCspent Dspending答案C解析句意為：由于大部分時(shí)間坐在辦公桌前，辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。由于句中沒有連詞，故前半句要用獨(dú)立主

34、格結(jié)構(gòu)；time與spend之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。2The lecture _，a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江蘇，29)Abeing given Bhaving givenCto be given Dhaving been given答案D解析句意為：演講結(jié)束后，緊跟著是一個(gè)生動(dòng)的互動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)。由于句中沒有連詞，故前半句要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；the lecture與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞follow之前，故選D項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)歸納1獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“普通格名詞(或主格代詞)分詞、不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞或

35、介詞短語”構(gòu)成，在句中作狀語，通常用逗號與句子的其他部分隔開。Mary coming back，they discussed it together.瑪麗回來后，他們一起討論了那件事。Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.運(yùn)氣好的話，我掙的錢將比你們所有人掙得都多。2there be句型的非謂語形式Ive never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我從未想到墻上會(huì)有幅畫。I expect there to be many chances for her to ge

36、t a job.我希望她有很多機(jī)會(huì)找到工作。There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我讓司機(jī)減速慢行。There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已經(jīng)兩天都沒有水了，所有游客都非常渴。考點(diǎn)8“連詞分詞(短語)”結(jié)構(gòu)1Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.(2015湖南，24)Ato leave BleavingCleav

37、e Dleft答案D解析句意為：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會(huì)有一個(gè)很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。if left.是“連詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成的狀語從句的省略。2Children，when _ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南，21)Ato be accompanied Bto accompanyCaccompanying Daccompanied答案D解析句意為：孩子們在父母的陪同下才被允許進(jìn)入該體育館。因?yàn)閏hildren和accompany之間

38、是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該使用過去分詞accompanied。此處是狀語從句的省略，還原后是when they are accompanied by their parents?？键c(diǎn)歸納分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可用一個(gè)連詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，if，though，whether.or.，unless，as if等。有時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)可看成是狀語從句的省略。Though left behind and feeling awkward，Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line.雖然他被落在后面感到

39、很局促不安，但是Jack堅(jiān)持跑到了終點(diǎn)線。You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave.你應(yīng)該呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方不動(dòng)，除非讓你動(dòng)。方法1正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類，即簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句都需要連詞來引導(dǎo)，如果兩個(gè)句子用連詞進(jìn)行連接，應(yīng)選謂語動(dòng)詞形式；如果兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。典例_many times，but he still couldnt understand it.AHaving been toldBToldCHe was toldDThough he had been told答案C

40、解析用連詞but引導(dǎo)并列句，因此，前面與后句一樣也是個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；因though和but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，故選C。方法2正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要找到其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫作邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致，找不到其邏輯主語時(shí)，整個(gè)句子或句子的主語就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是作什么成分的非謂語動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)：1如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，可用現(xiàn)在分

41、詞；2如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用過去分詞。典例_ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.ASeen BSeeingCHaving seen DTo see答案A解析句意為：從塔頂看，這座山的南邊腳下是樹的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一個(gè)過去分詞短語，在句子中作狀語。see的邏輯主語是句子的主語the south foot of the mountain，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。方法3正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生

42、的時(shí)間先后順序非謂語動(dòng)詞具備動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，也可以有動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。對于謂語動(dòng)詞，我們用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間；對于非謂語動(dòng)詞不能用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間是一個(gè)相對時(shí)間，即相對于謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間而言。同時(shí)也需要了解非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式所指時(shí)間的含義。如to have done，having done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生；to be doing，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。典例Dina，_ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local adverti

43、sing agency.Astruggling BstruggledChaving struggled Dto struggle答案C解析句意為：Dina奮斗了幾個(gè)月，想找個(gè)做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個(gè)職位。因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。強(qiáng)化練(三)1_ his eyes on the album，he thought of the happy time when he lived with his parents in that mountain village.(2017紅橋區(qū)二模，11

44、)AFixed BTo be fixedCFixing DHaving fixed答案C解析句意為：目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著相冊，他回想起他和他父母一起住在那個(gè)山村的快樂時(shí)光。動(dòng)詞fix和其邏輯主語he之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故需用現(xiàn)在分詞，選C。2_ to Annes birthday party，Mr Brown is now searching shop after shop for a nice present for her.(2017南開區(qū)二模，2)AHaving invited BHaving been invitedCHave been invited DBe

45、ing invited答案B解析句意為：受邀參加安妮的生日聚會(huì)后，為了給她買一件漂亮的禮物，布朗先生現(xiàn)在正在一家商店接著一家商店地尋找。非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，需用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語Mr Brown和動(dòng)詞invite之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)形式。故答案為B。3_ to her own work，she spent little time with her family.(2017和平區(qū)一模，5)ADevoting BTo be devotedCDevoted DHaving devoted答案C解析句意為：她致力于自己的工作，很少和家人在一起。be

46、 devoted to.致力于，由于從句主語與主句主語一致所以從句主語和be動(dòng)詞可以省略，故選C。4In the reading room，we found her _ at a desk，with her attention _ on a book.(2017南開區(qū)二模，9)Asitting；fixing Bto sit；fixedCseating；fixing Dseated；fixed答案D解析句意為：在閱覽室里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她坐在書桌旁，注意力集中在一本書上。第一空為“find賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中sittingseated；第二空考查“with賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語attention和動(dòng)詞f

47、ix之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞fixed作賓補(bǔ)。答案為D。5What do you think of your journey to Yunnan?Everything is very fantastic，especially its fresh air.It is pleasant _.(2017天津十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模，12)Abreathed Bbeing breathedCto be breathed Dto breathe答案D解析句意為：你覺得你的云南之行怎么樣？一切都很奇妙，尤其是云南的新鮮空氣。那里的新鮮空氣呼吸起來令人愉快。在“sth.beadj.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中

48、的動(dòng)詞do與主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，形容詞表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征。6I can hardly imagine Peter _ the decision without any consideration.(2017紅橋區(qū)二模，5)Aaccepts BacceptingCto accept Daccepted答案B解析句意為：我簡直無法想象彼得會(huì)毫不考慮就接受這個(gè)決定。imagine后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語；Peter為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事。7The food_ in this way keeps its fresh flavor，which attract

49、s people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.(2017天津五校聯(lián)考一模，13)Aprepared BpreparingCto prepare Dto be prepared答案A解析food與prepare之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用prepared作后置定語修飾The food。句意為：以這種方法準(zhǔn)備好的食物保持了其新鮮的味道，吸引了來自其他國家的人對中國烹飪藝術(shù)的關(guān)注。故選A。8_ the program，they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2017河?xùn)|區(qū)二模，9)

50、ANot completing BNot completedCNot having completed DHaving not completed答案C解析句意為：由于沒有完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，他們不得不在那里再待兩個(gè)星期。本題考查三點(diǎn)：一是句子主語they和動(dòng)詞complete之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在分詞；二是非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；三是非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式，否定詞not放在最前面。9Ann never dreams of _ a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.(2017河西區(qū)二模，10)Abeing B

51、there will beCthere to be Dthere being答案D解析句意為：Ann做夢也沒想到很快她就有機(jī)會(huì)被派往國外。介詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞，此處為表示“存在”的there be結(jié)構(gòu)，故用動(dòng)名詞的獨(dú)立主格形式there being。10The noise from my neighbors sitting room _ can be clearly heard in my apartment，which makes me distracted from reading.(2017天津十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)一模，10)Ais decorated Bbeing decoratedCdecor

52、ated Dto be decorated答案B解析句意為：鄰居客廳里裝修的噪音在我的公寓里能清晰地聽到，這使我無法專心讀書。此處表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，故選B。11The worse working conditions we are looking forward to _ must have attracted the local governments attention.(2017南開區(qū)三模，7)Asee improved Bseeing to improveCsee improving Dseeing improved答案D解析句意為：我們期待看到有所改善的極其糟糕的工作條件一定引

53、起了當(dāng)?shù)卣年P(guān)注。look forward to結(jié)構(gòu)中的to為介詞，其后跟動(dòng)名詞。句子核心結(jié)構(gòu)為“The worse working conditions must have attracted the local governments attention.”。we are looking forward to seeing improved為定語從句，修飾先行詞conditions；關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作seeing的賓語且被省略，improved為賓語補(bǔ)足語，表被動(dòng)。12We are invited to a party_ in our club next Friday.(2017紅橋區(qū)一模，4)Ato hold BheldCto be held Dbeing held答案C解析根據(jù)句意可知party和hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)next Friday可知是將要發(fā)生的事，需用不定式作定語。a party to be held意為“將被舉行的聚會(huì)”，故選C。13_ out of all the money，I had to make a living by helping out in that firm.(2017天津五校聯(lián)考一模，3)ARun BT