2015職稱英語衛(wèi)生類閱讀判斷練習題

1、2015職稱英語衛(wèi)生類閱讀判斷練習題【天宇考王】為廣大考生歸納總結(jié)職稱外語最新考試資訊，讓考生最先了解職稱外語考試報名等有關(guān)事項的通知，天宇考王是一款上機練習題庫軟件，有單機版、網(wǎng)頁版、手機版、三位一體多平臺學習模式。第十一篇Disease I Diagnosis, Treatment and PreventionDisease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on1 all i

2、ts required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness that is, make a diagnosis2. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put

3、together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a

4、syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated3 by the physician in making his diagnosis.Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his

5、symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patients disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy4. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physicians orders.In recent years physicians,

6、nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention5. Throughout most of medical history, the physicians aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease6. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens to keep peop

7、le well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs7. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating ind

8、ividual patients toward the maintenance of total health physical and mental.詞匯：marked / m:kt/ adj.顯著的 syndrome /sndrm/ n. 綜合征，癥候群symptom /smptm/ n.癥候，癥狀 therapy /erp/ n.療法，治療 sign /san/ n. 病體；體征注釋： 1.carry sth. on：繼續(xù)；進行；維持下去2.make a diagnosis：做出診斷3.the results evaluated：此句中在evaluated之前省略了與前面are perf

9、ormed相同的助動詞are。4.also referred to as therapy：也被稱為療法（過去分詞短語作a course of treatment的定語）refer to.：談及，提及refer to sth. /sb. as.：把稱為例如：Dont refer to the matter again.不要再提這件事了。We refer to such a science as physiology.我們把這樣一門科學稱為生理學。Dont refer to your brother as a silly cow.不要把你兄弟說成是頭笨牛。5.have taken on incre

10、asing responsibilities in prevention：在預防方面承擔越來越多的責任take sth. on：承擔，接受You have taken on too much.你承擔的工作太多了。6.to cure a patient of an existing disease：治療病人的現(xiàn)有疾病cure sb. of.：給某人治療（或治愈）某病例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.此藥準能治好你的感冒。7.ranging from. health programs：從國際這一級的世界衛(wèi)生組織一直到下面地區(qū)的私人和社區(qū)醫(yī)療

11、機構(gòu)（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）range from. to.：從到的范圍（分布或變動）The childrens ages range from 5 to 15.這些孩子小的5歲，大的15歲。Its prices range from twenty to thirty dollars.價錢從20美元到30美元不等。練習： 1.By disease it means the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2.A s

12、yndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3.The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4.Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have th

13、e authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5.Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6.An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been

14、 established in every country all over the world.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7.Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients physical disease than their mental illness.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned答案與題解： 1.A第一段第一句說疾病就是身體的一部分或全部不能正常調(diào)節(jié)或不能維持其應(yīng)有功能的不正常狀態(tài)。本題正是這個意思，只是換了一種表達

15、方式而已，故是正確的。2.A第二段第四句和第五句說，有時一組典型的體征或癥狀伴隨著某一疾病，這樣的一組體征或癥狀就稱為綜合征。本句也是這個意思。句中complex意為“綜合體，綜合事物”，typical of意為“所特有的，典型的”。故本題也應(yīng)是正確的。3.B第二段最后一句說“醫(yī)生在做出診斷時經(jīng)常都要做某些實驗室檢查并對檢查結(jié)果進行評估”，而本題卻說“在任何情況下診斷輔助手段對醫(yī)生診斷疾病都是必不可少的”，這顯然是錯誤的。4.B第三段第一句要求護士“把這些信息報告給醫(yī)生”，該段最后一句還說“許多治療措施是在醫(yī)生指示下由護士去執(zhí)行”，因此本題所說的“不管病人發(fā)生什么危急情況都有權(quán)處理”，顯然應(yīng)是

16、錯誤的。5.A第四段第二句、第三句說“貫穿大部分醫(yī)學史，醫(yī)生都是治療病人的現(xiàn)有疾病。不過現(xiàn)代預防理論卻尋求制止疾病于未然，即通過促進健康使人們不得病”，故本題說“現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學比傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學更重視疾病的預防”是正確的。6.C第四段第四句只說到從國際級的世界衛(wèi)生組織一直到地方社區(qū)的醫(yī)療機構(gòu)構(gòu)成了一個龐大的衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)，但是沒有說每個國家都已建立有效的防治體系，故本題應(yīng)是沒有提到的。7.C文章最后一句說在教育每個病人保持全面健康，即身心的健康方面，醫(yī)護行業(yè)將要承擔更多的責任。至于醫(yī)生是更愿意治療軀體疾病還是精神心理性疾病根本就沒有提及。譯文：生病、診斷、治療與預防所謂生病，即部分或整個身體不能夠正常調(diào)節(jié)，或不能

17、夠維持應(yīng)有的功能。疾病的程度及其對人體的影響存在著明顯的差異。為了治療疾病，醫(yī)生當然首先要給疾病定性，即診斷。診斷是基于一系列癥狀所作出的結(jié)論。醫(yī)生必須通曉癥狀，即病人所感受到的自身功能的變化；且了解體征（也稱客觀癥狀），這些是醫(yī)生可以親身觀察到的。有時一組典型的體征（或癥狀）伴隨著某一疾病。這樣的一組體征（或癥狀）就叫做綜合病癥。醫(yī)生在作出診斷時，經(jīng)常都要做某些實驗室檢查，并對檢查結(jié)果進行評估。盡管護士不負責診斷，但是他們密切監(jiān)視病人體征，鼓勵病人講述其本身情況及癥狀，而且將所得信息匯報給醫(yī)生，在整個過程中發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用。一旦知道了患者的病情，醫(yī)生就會確定療程（也稱為療法），其中許多治

18、療措施都是在醫(yī)生指示下由護士去執(zhí)行的。近些年來，廣大醫(yī)生、護士以及其他保健工作者在預防方面承擔著越來越多地責任。貫穿大部分醫(yī)學史，醫(yī)生都是治療病人的現(xiàn)有疾病，但是現(xiàn)代的預防理論卻尋求制止疾病于未然，即通過促進健康使人們不生病。為了這個目的，從國際級的世界衛(wèi)生組織一直到地方社區(qū)的醫(yī)療機構(gòu)構(gòu)成了一個龐大的衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)。醫(yī)護行業(yè)迅速增加的責任就是教育每個病人保持全面健康，即身體的和心理的健康。第十二篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death1 has received the worlds first self

19、-contained artificial heart a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Mon

20、day. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the persons life by only a mo

21、nth. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patients quality of life.The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,

22、the Jarvic7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.“I think its potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association. However, he said the dream of an impla

23、ntable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality：“This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.Some doctors, including Robe

24、rt Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “Its going to be hard to replace that with a machine.”The AbioCor has a 2pound pumping

25、 unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the bodys needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.2詞匯：self-contained /slfkntend/ adj. 整套裝在一起（并帶有動力設(shè)備）的battery-powered adj.以電池作為動力的hose / hz/ n.（= hosepipe）（膠皮、帆布等）

26、軟管softball /sftb:l/ n.壘球 implant /mpl: nt/ vt.植入；n.植物人titanium /ta tenim/ n.鈦 responsive /rspnsv/ adj. 反應(yīng)靈敏的bulky / blk/ adj.龐大的，笨重的 implantable / mpl:ntbl/ adj.可植入的注釋： 1on the brink of death (war, ruin.)：處于死亡（戰(zhàn)爭、毀滅）的邊緣 brink n.邊緣2It is powered. through the skin.它（指AbioCor)以佩戴在體外的一組小電池作為動力，通過皮膚來傳遞電流

27、。worn是wear的過去分詞，作pack的定語；that引起的從句也是pack的定語。練習：1The pump of the first implanted self-contained heart was made of titanium and plastic.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2The patients life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3There is no d

28、ifference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4The American Heart Association recommended widely using the self-contained heart.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable, permanent artificial, heart will

29、certainly be developed in the future.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.ARight BWrong CNot ment

30、ioned 答案與題解： 1A第二段第一句就說到植入了鈦和塑料的泵，故是正確的。2B第三段第一句說到醫(yī)生只指望人工心臟能延長病人的生命大約一個月，而不是幾年，故是錯誤的。3B第一段、第四段和第八段對二者的構(gòu)造作了介紹，從中可以看到所用的動力、是否要電線及軟管與體外連接以及體積大小都不相同，故此題應(yīng)是錯誤的。4B在第五段，該協(xié)會主席Faxon說“這可能是人工心臟發(fā)展中的一次重大飛躍”，還說“很顯然，這只是一個實驗裝置，其能否長期成功還有待證實”，并沒有提到要“推薦廣泛使用”，故此題應(yīng)是錯誤的。5B第五段中，該協(xié)會主席Faxon說“可植入的永久性人工心臟這一夢想還不現(xiàn)實”，并沒有說到他“相信將來一

31、定會制造出來”的話或類似的意思。6A第五段說“等待別人捐獻心臟的4,200個美國人中去年只有大約一半人接受到捐獻”，也就是大約2,100人，故此題是正確的。7A第六段說“有些醫(yī)生說人工心臟不太可能代替捐獻的心臟”，第七段說“移植得好，一個捐獻的心臟可存活1530年，而這一點機器是很難代替的”，可見他們對人工心臟是持懷疑態(tài)度的，故此題應(yīng)是正確的。譯文：首例整套人工心臟移植一位病危的患者接受了世界上第一個整套人工心臟移植一個壘球般大小、由電池驅(qū)動的裝置。這個裝置運行時不需要電線，且患者胸部不必附帶軟管。周一，在猶太醫(yī)院，兩名來自路易斯維爾大學的醫(yī)生經(jīng)過7小時的手術(shù)，給病人植入了鈦和塑料的泵狀心臟。

32、該醫(yī)院聲稱，病人已于周二蘇醒，反應(yīng)靈敏，且正在安逸地休息。但拒絕透露病人的個人信息。醫(yī)生說，病人如果不做手術(shù)，可能在一個月內(nèi)死亡，院方預計此人工心臟僅能延長病人一個月的壽命。但這一裝置卻被視為改善病人生命質(zhì)量的重要一步。這種稱作AbioCor的新泵，與20世紀80年代那種通過管線與體外龐大機械相連的機械心臟相比，也是一項技術(shù)飛躍。那些舊機械心臟當中最為著名的便是Jarvic-7型，其采用空氣作為泵輸出裝置，與一個洗衣機般大小的器械相連接。美國心臟協(xié)會主席David Faxon博士說：“這可能是人工心臟發(fā)展中的重大飛躍。”但他還說，可植入的永久性人工心臟這一夢想還不現(xiàn)實，“很顯然，這只是一個實驗

33、裝置，能否長期成功還有待證實?！钡却齽e人捐獻心臟的4200個美國人中去年只有大約一般人接受到捐獻，剩余的大部分人都死亡了。包括里士滿弗吉尼亞醫(yī)學院心臟病學主任Robert Higgins在內(nèi)的一些醫(yī)生說，人工心臟不太可能替代捐獻的心臟?！叭绻浦驳煤茫粋€捐獻的心臟可存活1530年，”他說，“而這一點機器是很難代替的?！盇bioCor含有一個重大2磅的泵輸出裝置以及根據(jù)身體需要 調(diào)整泵速度的電子控制器。它以佩戴在體外的一組小電池作為動力，通過皮膚來傳遞電流。第十三篇Stage Fright1Fall down as you come onstage. Thats an odd trick. N

34、ot recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2 Mr. Feltsman said, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”Today, music s

35、chools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.3Teachers and psychologists offe

36、r wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Dont deny that youre jittery，they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the exp

37、erience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile, she says. “And not one of these please dont kill me smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would comm

38、unicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.” She doesnt want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what th

39、eir students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came

40、 to a point where I thought, If I have to go through this to play music, I think Im going to look for another job.”5 Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.6It is not only young artists wh

41、o suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitzs nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,” Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when youre scared to death, n

42、obody knows who you are, and they dont have any expectations,” Soprano June Anderson said. “Theres less to lose. Later on, when youre known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until Ive sung my last not

43、e.”詞匯：veteran /vetrn/ adj.經(jīng)驗豐富的 jittery / dtr/ adj. 緊張不安的mentor /ment: / n.指導者 soprano /spr:n/ n.女高音；女高音歌手cellist /telst/ n. 大提琴演奏家abdominal / bdmnl/ adj.腹部的fallible /flbl/ adj.易犯錯誤的 tenor /ten/ n. 男高音注釋： 1Stage Fright：舞臺恐懼2The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him

44、of pre-performance panic資深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman絆倒，因而治愈了他的上臺前的恐懼癥。cure somebody of something (illness, problem)：醫(yī)治好病（解決問題）3 its symptoms：icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind：舞臺恐懼的癥狀有手冰涼、身體顫抖、心跳加快和大腦一片空白。4Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from

45、basics like learning pieces inside out ：老師和心理學家提出了方方面面的建議，一些基礎(chǔ)知識，比如將演奏曲目爛熟于心 inside out： in great detail詳細地，從里到外地5I came to a point where I thought，“If I have to go through this to play music, I think Im going to look for another job. ”我曾經(jīng)一度認為，如果搞音樂就必須經(jīng)過克服舞臺恐懼這一關(guān)的話，這項工作不能做。6Recovery, he said, involv

46、ed developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.不舞臺恐懼意味著提高謙卑感，即認識到不管你多有才，你也會出錯，一個有瑕疵的音樂會也絕對不是世界末日。練習：1Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.ARight BWrong CNot mentione

47、d2There are many signs of stage fright.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme -stage fright.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5If you have stage fright, its

48、helpful to have friendly audience.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案與題解： 1B本文第一段講的是鋼琴家Vladimir Feltsman被Mstislav Ro

49、stropovich絆倒后，他的舞臺恐懼被治愈了的故事。2A第二段的最后一句點出舞臺恐懼的諸多癥狀為手冰涼、身體顫抖、心跳加快和大腦一片空白。3B本文的第三、四、五、六段都在講老師和心理學家為舞臺恐懼者提供全方位的建議。4A依據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句：some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing.(表演中激情是自然甚至是必要的）5C第四段提到克服舞臺恐懼的方法之一是：在觀眾中選擇三位友好的面孔，與他們用眼光交流。所以克服舞臺恐懼要靠自己而不是指望所有的觀眾都友好。6A第五段講了舞臺恐懼的根源在于指導者或父母對表演者要求

50、太高。extreme demands就是expect too much of them的意思。7B第七段講的是：不只年輕藝術(shù)家有舞臺恐懼癥，鋼琴家Vladimir Horowitz和男高音Franco Corelli亦不能幸免。Never一詞不恰當。譯文：舞臺恐懼上臺就跌倒。這是個奇特的辦法！但不推薦。可它確實拯救了鋼琴家弗拉基米爾菲茲曼，那個時候他才十幾歲，正在莫斯科表演。資深大提琴手米提斯拉夫羅斯特羅波維奇故意在他上臺前將他絆倒，幫助他擺脫上臺前的恐慌。菲茲曼先生說：“所有的害怕都煙消云散類。我已經(jīng)摔倒了，還有比這更糟糕的嗎？”如今，音樂學校都在課堂中強調(diào)焦慮問題，因為這是講授表演技巧和打

51、好表演基礎(chǔ)的課程。怯場有很多表現(xiàn)，比如手指冰冷、四肢發(fā)抖、心跳加速、大腦一片空白，音樂家們可以學著用許多多應(yīng)變策略應(yīng)對這些問題。教師和心理學家給出了許多建議，從基礎(chǔ)的做法，比如將演奏曲目爛熟于心，到精神訓練，比如想象演出場景，有步驟地進行放松等。他們強調(diào)，不要掩飾你的緊張感，適度的興奮對于精彩演出是正當甚至是必要的。為了積累經(jīng)驗，要常在公眾場合演出。黛安尼克爾斯是一名心理治療師，她給出了一些上臺前的建議：“做兩次深度的腹式呼吸，擴胸，然后微笑，注意不是那種仿佛央求對方不要殺你的微笑，而是友好的微笑。從觀眾中選出三名比較友善的人，這些是你愿意與之交流并為之演奏的人，并與他們做眼神接觸?！?她不想

52、讓演奏者將觀眾當成是法官。多蘿西德雷是一名著名小提琴教師，她認為來自導師和父母的苛刻要求常常是怯場的根源。她告訴其他教師，對學生的要求要以學生本身所能達到的水平為基礎(chǔ)。林哈雷爾20歲的時候成為克利夫蘭管弦樂隊的首席大提琴手，但是他怯場非常嚴重。他說：“有時候我非常緊張，我甚至能肯定，觀眾一定能看到我的胸口隨著心跳而搏動，簡直變成了慌亂?！焙髞砦揖谷坏搅诉@個地步，我想“如果演出要經(jīng)歷這種慌亂，我寧可另找一份工作?！彼f要克服怯場要謙虛，要認識到，不論自己有多大的才能，都可能犯錯誤，一場音樂會即使有不完美的地方，也不是災(zāi)難。當然，并不只有年輕人才會怯場。具有傳奇色彩的鋼琴家弗拉基米爾霍洛維茨的敏感

53、神經(jīng)同樣盡人皆知。另一個例子是著名男高音弗朗科科萊里，女高音蕾娜塔思科多這樣形容他：“必須得有人推著他才肯上臺。”實際上，成名之后情況可能會變得更糟。“剛開始的時候，即使你怕得要死，也沒有人知道你是誰，因為對你不抱有多大期望?！迸咭舡偘驳律f道，“你不會有任何損失。但你成名以后，人們專程來看你的表演，那時他們一定是滿懷期待而來，這樣，你損失的東西就多了。”安德森還說：“直到唱完最后一個音符之前，我一直都會緊張?！?第十四篇 Azeri Hills Hold Secret of Long LifeYou can see for kilometers from the mountains whe

54、re Allahverdi Ibadov herds his small flock of sheep amid a sea of yellow, red, and purple wildflowers. The view from Amburdere in southern Azerbaijan toward the Iranian border is spectacular, but Mr. Ibadov barely gives it a second glance.Why should he? Hes been coming here nearly every day for 100

55、years.According to his carefully preserved passport, Mr. Ibadov, whose birth was not registered until he was a toddler, is at least 105 years old. His wife, who died two years ago, was even older. They are among the dozens of people in this beautiful, isolated region who live extraordinarily long li

56、ves.Mr. Ibadovs eldest son has just turned 70. He lost count long ago of how many grandchildren he has.1 “Im an old man now I look after the sheep, and I prepare the wood for winter. I still have something to do. “A lifetime of toil, it seems, takes very few people to an early grave in this region. Scientists admit there appears to be something i