施心遠(yuǎn)主編《聽力教程》4(第2版)Unit5答案-(23424)

1、A Listening Course 4施心遠(yuǎn)主編聽力教程 4 （ 第 2 版） 答案Unit 5Section One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: Listening and Translation1. Stocks, bonds, land-people invest in different things and for different reasons.股票、債券、土地 - 人們由于不同原因進(jìn)行不同的投資。2. But all investors share the same goal.但是所有的投資者都有一個共同的目標(biāo)。3. They want to

2、 get more money out of their investment than they put into it.他們希望通過投資獲得比所有投入的資金更多的貨幣回報。4. The money they invest today provides capital for future growth in the economy.他們今天的投資為將來經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供了資金。5. Investors have to decide how much risk they are willing to take and for how long.投資者必須決定自己愿意在多長的時間范圍內(nèi)承受多大的風(fēng)

3、險。Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Dialogue The Bank ManagerExercise: Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to completeeach of the following sentences.1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C7. A 8. CPart 2 Passage Stock Market: How it WorksEx. A. Pre-listening QuestionWhat do you know abo

4、ut stock market in China?The Shanghai Stock Exchange was founded on November 26th, 1990 and in operation on December 19th the same year, and Shenzhen Stock Exchange was established on December 1st, 1990.Ex. B: Sentence Dictation1. A wave of selling triggered widespread price declines in stock market

5、sfrom New York to Australia. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged508 points in the panicked rush to sell.2. The stock market is the means through which previously issued corporate stocks, shares of ownership in a corporation, are traded.3. However, the forces influencing the prices of corporate

6、stocks are quite different from those influencing the prices of goods and services.4. People and organizations who buy and hold stock do so for the incomes they hope to earn.5. When Black Monday finally reeled to a close, many a portfolio had lostover a fifth of the value it had the day before.Ex. C

7、: Detailed Listening.1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. CEx. D: After-listening Discussion1. What is “Black Monday”?On October 19, 1987, a wave of selling triggered widespread declines instock markets from New York to Australia. That day is“Black MondaOn that day, there were hardly any buy orders

8、, and the markets were floodedwith sell orders. Over 600 million shares were traded on the NewYork Stock Exchange-more than twice the NYSEs average sales volume. TheDow Jones Industrial Average of the prices of 30 stocks of major US companieslost 22.6 percent of its value on that memorable day, plun

9、ging 508 points inthe panicked rush to sell. When Black Monday finally reeled to a close, many aportfolio had lost over a fifth of the value it had the day before.2. Do you like to be a broker? Why?Open.Script of Passage:Stock Market: How It WorksOn Monday, October 19, 1987, a wave of selling trigge

10、red widespreadprice declines in stock markets from New York to Australia.ON that day, now infamous as“Black Monday”, over 600 million shareswere traded on the New York Stock Exchange-more than twice theNYSEaverages sales volume. The Dow Jones Industrial Average of theprices of 30 stocks of major US

11、companies lost 22.6 percent of its value on that memorable day, plunging 508 points in the panicked rush to sell.What is the stock market, and how is it affected by the forces of supply and demand? The stock market is the means through which previously issued corporate stocks, shares of ownership in

12、 a corporation, are traded. Stock exchanges are organizations whose members act as intermediaries to buy and sell stocks for their clients. About 80 percent of all stock trading in the United States takes place at the New York Stock Exchange. There are other stock exchanges in the United States as w

13、ell as in Paris, London, Sydney and Tokyo.How are stock prices determined? The answer, as you might expect, is by supply and demand. However, the forces influencing the prices of corporate stocks are quite different from those influencing the prices of goods and services. People and organizations wh

14、o buy and hold stock do so for the incomes they hope to earn. The incomes depend on dividends paid to stockholders, changes in the incomes they hope to earn. The incomes depend on dividends paid to stockholders, changes in the price of stock over time, and the expected return compared to the return

15、on alternative investments.On any given day in the stock market, there are orders to buy and orders to sell. The orders to buy constitute the quantity of a stock demanded at the current (or anticipated) price per share, while theorders to sell constitute the quantity supplied at that price. The chie

16、fin flue nee on both the supply of and dema nd for stocks is the in comepote ntial of holdi ng the stock compared to the in come pote ntial of holdi ngalter native assets such as bon ds, other types of securities, or real property like buildi ngs and land.On the New York Stock Excha nge, trad ing in

17、 all stocks is con ti nu ous. Aspecialist is assig ned to oversee tradi ng in each stock. This specialist is a “broker broker who tries to adjust the price of the stock so thatquantity demanded equals quantity supplied. However, the specialist is also allowed to purchase the stock to hold as a pers

18、onal in vestme nt if no buyer can be found. In this way the specialist can exert some in flue nee on the supply of and dema nd for stocks, an dwill do so if it profitable. OnOctober 19, 1987, there were hardly any buy orders, and the markets were flooded with sell orders. Because of the treme ndouss

19、urplus of stocks at the prevailing prices, specialists and call clerkslowered prices until quantity demanded equaled quantity supplied. WhenBlack Mon day fin ally reeled to a close, many a portfolio had lost over afifth of the value it had the day before.Secti on Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summariz

20、e the n ewsThis n ews item is about themille nnia.Ex. B: Liste n aga in and fill in the blanksScie ntists have produced evide nee show ing dramatically that the curre nt temperature rise there is highly unu sual. For most of the last two thousa nd years, the Arctic slowly cooled, a con seque nee of

21、variati ons in the Earth orbit.But over the last century,the cooling abruptly reversed,and theregion is now warmer than at any time in the 2,000 year record. Writing in the journal Scie nee, the researchers say this shows how_quickly_the Arcticresp onds to climatic cha nges.News Item 2Ex. A: Listen

22、to the news and complete the summaryThis item is about WWFs accusation against European toilet and tissue paper manu facturers of con tributi ng to global deforestati on by not using eno ugh recycled material.Ex. B: Liste n to the n ews aga in and an swer the questi ons.1. How many trees are being d

23、iscarded as tissue paper each day? More thana quarter of a milli on trees.2. What did the report find?The report found alarmingly low levels of recycled fibers in the vastmajority of products by European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers.3. Where are the fibers used by European toilet and tissue

24、 paper companies taken from?The fibers are taken from natural forests in South Africa, Asia, Europeand across the Americas.4. What have most of the toilet and tissue paper manufacturers failed to do?Most of the companies have failed to take effective measures to prevent illegal or controversial timb

25、er from being used in their products.Script of News Item Two:The international conservation group, WWF, has accused European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers of contributing to global deforestation by not using enough recycled material. A spokesman said more than a quarter of a million trees we

26、re in fact being flushed down toilets or discarded as rubbish each day.The report found alarmingly low levels of recycled fibers in the vast majority of products and said the fibers were instead being taken from natural forests in South Africa, Asia, Europe and across the Americas. Using virgin fore

27、st to make toilet paper, says the report, is wasteful andunn ecessary. The report also warns that illegal and un susta in ableloggi ng and conflicts over land rights still exist in many of these areas and that all but one of the companies have so far failed to take effective measures to preve nt ill

28、egal or con troversial timber from being used in their products. News Item 3changeEx. A: Listen and summarize the news-itemThis news item is about the warnings from specialiststhat climate con drive some species -of migrati ng ani mals towards ext in cti on.Ex. B Listen to the news and complete the

29、following outlineFindings: Climate change can drive some species of migrating animals towards exti ncti on.Reason: Birds, mammals and reptiles are finding it in creas in gly difficult to follow their usual migrat ing patter ns.Examples:1. The spreading Sahara Desert could make it impossible for swal

30、lows to make the epic jour ney from Souther n Africa.2. Risingsea levels will destroy many coastal habitats for turtles and wadi ng birds.3. Warmer oceans could lead to some turtle species becoming entirely female.Script of News Item 3Scientists are warning that climate change could drive some speci

31、es of migrating animals towards extinction. A report by European ornithologists and zoologists say that birds, mammals and reptiles are finding it increasingly difficult to follow their usual migration patterns.This report by ornithologists and zoologists warns that global warming will cause increas

32、ing problems for many migrating species. For example, the spreading Sahara Desert could make it impossible for swallows to make their epic journey from Southern Africa, and rising sea levels will destroy many coastal habitats for turtles and wading birds. The study even suggests that warmer oceans c

33、ould lead to some turtle species becoming entirely female. The selection of sex is closely linked to sea temperature.Section FourPart 1 Feature reportScript ：Money, Fame, Power Dont Motivate Most WorkersIn his new book, titled Drive, author Daniel Pink says theres a big gap between what science know

34、s and what business leaders know about how to motivate a workforce.Pink says most businesses operate today on the carrot-and-stick system of rewards and punishments. Employees are rewarded for goodperformance, and penalized for performing badly.According to Pink, the carrot-and-stick approach usuall

35、y works well in situations where workers are performing simple, routine tasks, like checking products on an assembly line or packing boxes. But for jobs that require creativity, and deeper, more complex thinking, such as writing or designing, employers need to take a different approachPink says it i

36、s important to recognize people are not as motivated by external factors like cash rewards as they are by things that interest them. He calls these intrinsic or internal motivators.“Intrinsic motivator isdoing something for the sake of the activity itself. So you play the banjo because you like to p

37、lay the banjo. Extrinsic motivator is doing something in order to get a reward. So I might work really hard because whoever with the most sales will get a $100 gift card”.According to Pink, intrinsic motivators can be broken down into three components: The first is autonomy, that is, self-direction.

38、 Another one is mastery, that is, our desire to become better at something that matters, and finally, purpose, which is to do what we do in service of something larger than ourselves.Those are really the pathway to high performance on a whole range of things, says Pink, especially on the more creati

39、ve, conceptual, complex things that more and more people in this country, in the United States, in Western Europe, in Canada, in Australia, in Japan in much ofsituationsin humanwhat theytheirthe industrialized world are doing.Pink goes on to explain the importance of autonomy in where people are in

40、restricted environments:The history of humans of all kinds of societies - western, eastern, modern, ancient - is that human beings typically resist control.Pink believes the greatest things that have happened civilization have been the result of people being able to do wanted to do and how they want

41、ed to do it:Most great pieces of art, most great pieces of music, many great architectural triumphs, many great technological innovations, the things that last and endure, are often the product, obviously, of human ingenuity, but also the product of the autonomy that allowed people to be ingenious,

42、he says.Another element of intrinsic motivation, says Pink, is the mastery. What the greatest motivator we have is the desire to get better at stuff. There is a Harvard business school research that the biggest motivator at work - by far - is making progress. That are the days that people feel most

43、engaged, most motivated, are the days when theyve made some progress in their work.Pink says that swhy it is so important managers recognize and validate progress in their employeeswork.In my view, the managers great roles is to help people seeprogress, and to recognize progress and celebrate progre

44、ss. Making progress is one of those things that make up the virtuous circle, so that if you make progress one day, youre more likely to be motivated, which makes it more likely that youll make progress the next day.And beyond progress, says Pink, theres a third element of intrinsic motivation, the u

45、niversal human desire for a sense of purpose.We tend to work better when we know what were doing matters in some way, he says. Not necessarily matters in some super transcendent eliminate-green-house-gases from the atmosphere way, but can be simply writing a great story that helps people understand

46、their world a little bit better; or creating a product that makes people live their lives a little easier, or creating something that brings beauty to somebodys life.Daniel Pink believes that as we learn more about the science of human motivation, society will adapt.Author Daniel Pink says todays bu

47、siness managers, facing the increasingly competitive pressures of a global marketplace, may be more inclined than ever before to question traditional attitudes about what motivates, and ultimately fulfills us, as humans.Part 2 PassageExercise B Dictation1. Agreements among parties in a competing rel

48、ationship can raise antitrust suspicions. Competitors may be agreeing to restrict competition among themselves.2. Antitrust authorities must investigate the effect and purpose of an agreement to determine its legality.3. Prices may increase if consumer demand for a product is particularly high and t

49、he supply is limited.4. Recent cases involved a group of physicians charged with using a boycott to prevent a managed care organization from establishing a competing health care facility in Virginia.5. The FTC recently charged a group of auto dealers with restricting comparative and discount adverti

50、sing to the detriment of consumers. Exercise C1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.FScript:Agreements among parties in a competing relationship can raise antitrust suspicions. Competitors may be agreeing to restrict competition among themselves. Antitrust authorities must investigate the effect and purpose

51、 of an agreement to determine its legality.競爭者間的橫向協(xié)定： 相互之間有競爭關(guān)系的市場主體間的協(xié) 定很可能引起反托拉斯當(dāng)局的懷疑。 競爭們可能協(xié)商在他們自己之間 進(jìn)行限制競爭。反托拉斯當(dāng)局需要通過調(diào)查該協(xié)定的影響和目的來確認(rèn)其合法性。Agreements about price or price-related matters such as creditterms potentially are the most serious. That s because price often is th principal waybusinesthat

52、firms compete. A naked agreement on price -where the agreement is not reasonably related to the firmsoperations - is illegal. Hard core - clear or blatant - price-fixing is subject to criminal prosecution.關(guān)于價格或諸如信用證條款等有關(guān)價格事項的協(xié)定是極具潛在 危害性的。這是因為價格通常是商家之間競爭的最主要的手段。一項與公司的商業(yè)運(yùn)作不適當(dāng)?shù)芈?lián)系在一起的純價格協(xié)定是非法的。Hardcore

53、- clear or blatant - price-fixing is subject to criminal prosecution. 限價行為不論其是清晰的還是極為顯著的，都將面臨到刑事指控。Are similarity of prices, simultaneous price changes or high prices indications of price-fixing? Not always. These conditions can result from price-fixing, but to prove the charge, antitrust authoritie

54、s would need evidence of an agreement to fix prices. Price similarities - or the appearance of simultaneous changes in price - also can result from normal economic conditions. For example, vigorous competition can drive prices down to a common level. A general increase in wholesale gasoline costs du

55、e to production shortages can cause gasoline stations to increase retail prices around the same time. As for the appearance of uniformly high prices, collusion may not be the only basis for thesituation. Prices may increase if consumer demand for a product isparticularly high and the supply is limit

56、ed. Ask any shopper in search of aparticularly popular children s toy.是否近似價格、同時發(fā)生的價格變動或高價格都是限價行為的跡象呢？并非總 是如此。 這些情形可以是由限價行為而引發(fā)的， 但是反托拉斯當(dāng)局需要有一限價協(xié) 定作為證據(jù)以支持其指控。 近似價格、同時發(fā)生的價格變動也可以是由正常的經(jīng)濟(jì) 環(huán)境變動而引發(fā)的。例如，激烈的競爭促使價格下降到一個正常的水平； 因產(chǎn)量不 足而引起的汽油成本整體性上升會促使各加油站在一個大體相同的時間提高它們 的零售價格；至于出現(xiàn)的統(tǒng)一的高價格， 串謀也可能不是出現(xiàn)這樣情形的唯一原 因。價格上漲可

57、能是由于消費(fèi)者對某一供應(yīng)不足的產(chǎn)品需求特別大。如，要求商家 提供一非常受歡迎的兒童玩具。An agreement to restrict production or output is illegal becausereducing the supply of a product or service inevitably drives up its price.一項關(guān)于限制產(chǎn)量的協(xié)定是非法的。 因為它削減了產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的 供應(yīng)量，這就不可避免地引發(fā)了價格上漲。A group boycott - an agreement among competitors not to deal withanother person or business - violates the law if it is used to forceanother party to pay higher prices.一團(tuán)體的聯(lián)合抵制（即競爭者之間有關(guān)禁止與其它人交易的協(xié) 定）若是以迫使另一團(tuán)體支付更高的價格為目的，