高考英語(yǔ)必備—最新高考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)專(zhuān)練一 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文

1、 免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)資料 囊括小初高九大學(xué)科（知識(shí)點(diǎn)/練習(xí)題/模擬卷/真題卷/學(xué)霸筆記）重難點(diǎn)01 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文【命題趨勢(shì)】應(yīng)用文一般分為兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是敘述性應(yīng)用文，例如書(shū)信、日記等，近兩年高考試題較少涉及；另一類(lèi)是說(shuō)明性應(yīng)用文，包括各種廣告、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明、旅游指南、報(bào)刊書(shū)信、公共通告和備忘錄等；而近兩年高考試題中的閱讀理解均側(cè)重考查后一類(lèi) ?！緷M(mǎn)分技巧】高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，因此，閱讀這類(lèi)文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，主要注意細(xì)節(jié)信息。細(xì)節(jié)題的題干都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫(xiě)、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到題干在原文中

2、的出處，再把原文和選項(xiàng)相比較。做題時(shí)，根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。同時(shí)，在閱讀時(shí)也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫(xiě)、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：1. 先題后文先讀試題，了解試題考點(diǎn)；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。2. 題干定向根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下：?jiǎn)栴}與材料相同對(duì)號(hào)入座；問(wèn)題與原文相同同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。3. 生詞模糊遇到生詞；如與答題無(wú)關(guān)，直接跳過(guò)；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。4. 信息補(bǔ)全對(duì)于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，將其補(bǔ)全?？傊?，應(yīng)用文類(lèi)型的閱讀文章一般說(shuō)

3、來(lái)比較易理解，文章類(lèi)型以廣告形式居多，設(shè)問(wèn)根據(jù)文章的段落秩序，多以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解為主，答案的尋找可以根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵字順藤摸瓜，輔以適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?。了解了?yīng)用文的措辭和內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)，我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中總結(jié)出解答應(yīng)用文試題的關(guān)鍵是：抓信息。提示：應(yīng)用文閱讀題做完后，不可輕易改答案，要相信第一感覺(jué)。因?yàn)榈谝淮谓忸}時(shí)思路最清晰，假如沒(méi)十分把握，以不改為好，防止弄巧成拙?！緹狳c(diǎn)話題】 應(yīng)用文熱衷話題有：就業(yè)、旅游、電影、書(shū)籍等海報(bào)?！鞠迺r(shí)檢測(cè)】（建議用時(shí)：30分鐘）A（2019 全國(guó)卷I，A）話題：就業(yè)，暑期工作難度：建議用時(shí)：5分Need a Job This Summer?The provincial gov

4、ernment and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start busi

5、nesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合條件) for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 1518 years old in select communities(社區(qū)).Summer CompanySummer Comp

6、any provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natura

7、l resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(機(jī)會(huì))Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of sum

8、mer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.1. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before

9、 employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 1518.B. 1524.C. 1529.D. 1617.3. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jo

10、bs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【文章大意】本文為應(yīng)用文。省政府及其合作伙伴提供了許多項(xiàng)目來(lái)幫助學(xué)生暑期在找到工作，本文介紹了其中一些項(xiàng)目。1. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Summer Company部分中的Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run t

11、heir own summer businesses.可知，Summer Company為學(xué)生提供實(shí)踐性的商業(yè)培訓(xùn)和高達(dá)3000美元的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以啟動(dòng)和經(jīng)營(yíng)他們自己的暑期業(yè)務(wù)?！皊tart and run their own summer businesses”即“為開(kāi)辦新的業(yè)務(wù)”，這對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的“runn new businesses”，二者是詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系。故選B。2. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but no

12、t turning 18 before December 31 this year.可知，符合條件的學(xué)生是16歲或17歲的學(xué)生，但在今年12月31日之前未滿(mǎn)18歲。由此得出，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目要求年齡在16-17歲之間。故選D。3. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Summer Employment Opportunities部分中最后一句Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.可知，Summer Employment Opportunities有些職位是給殘疾人的。故選D

13、。B（2019 江蘇卷，A）話題：旅游難度：建議用時(shí)：5分Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable. High energy If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure c

14、ourse, or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern. And dont forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling. High mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you ll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the

15、performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.Keeping the kids happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and theres plen

16、ty more to explore at the Buxton Museum. Theres a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods4. If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?A. Poles Caven.B. Pavilion Gardens.C. Buxton Museum.D. Green Man Gall

17、ery.5. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers _.A. rides in small trainsB. courses in modern artsC. artistic and cultural activitiesD. basic courses in horse riding【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了去布克斯頓旅游可以去的一些景點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息。4. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)High energy中的or journey beneath the earth at Pool

18、es Cavern.可知，在 Poole的Cavern，可以在地下旅行，也就是乘坐地鐵旅行。所以如果你想乘地鐵旅行，Pooles Cavern是你最好的選擇。故A項(xiàng)正確。5. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)High minded中的Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Gr

19、een Man Gallery.可知，Buxton以其豐富的文化生活而自豪，在Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center and Green Man Gallery，您將發(fā)現(xiàn)許多適合各種品味的藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、歌劇和表演藝術(shù)。所以Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center特別是因?yàn)樗峁┧囆g(shù)和文化活動(dòng)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。C（2019 全國(guó)卷III，A）話題：話劇開(kāi)幕和新劇首映難度：建議用時(shí)：5分OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo！Productions and the Grea

20、t Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折紙術(shù)) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan

21、, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical abo

22、ut Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, ab

23、out a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)6. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A. A type of art.B.

24、 A teenagers studio.C. A great teacher.D. A group of animals.7. Who is the director of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.8. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. On the Tw

25、entieth Century.【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四場(chǎng)演出的主要內(nèi)容，導(dǎo)演，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)等信息。6. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)話劇Animals Out of Paper中的Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折紙術(shù)) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph創(chuàng)作的的話劇是關(guān)于折紙的一種藝術(shù)。故選A。7. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解

26、題。根據(jù)話劇The Audience的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本劇是Stephen Daldry導(dǎo)演的。故選D。8. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)音樂(lè)劇Hamilton 的Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，該劇的主題是美國(guó)的誕生，由此可知，如果你對(duì)美國(guó)歷史感興趣，你可以看這部音樂(lè)劇。故選C。D（2019 全國(guó)卷II，A）話題：書(shū)籍難度：建議用

27、時(shí)：4分My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange a

28、nd delightful words. Matildas battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but theyre also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sisters-Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In t

29、rying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse night people who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiet

30、y from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of t

31、he worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.9. Who does I refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl10. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matil

32、da.C. After Dark.D. The Stand.11. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.【文章大意】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章通過(guò)介紹喬烏斯瑪?shù)淖钕矏?ài)的四本不同題材的文學(xué)讀物。9. D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題?！癐”出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)句為：“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new apprec

33、iation for his strange and delightful words.”文句表達(dá)了“I”對(duì)Roald Dahl評(píng)價(jià)。且開(kāi)頭第一段的最后一句意為：在這里，她（Jo Usmar）選了自己最喜歡的讀物。由此可知，此處的“I”為：Jo Usmar. 故選D項(xiàng)。10. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。把“ Mari and Eri”作為定位詞，可以找到天黑之后（After Dark）故選B項(xiàng)。11. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！?Gone Girl”為定位詞，找到文句There was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone el

34、se on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant，故選A項(xiàng)。E（天津市耀華中學(xué)2020屆高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)測(cè)試）話題：夏令營(yíng)難度：建議用時(shí)：5分Kinder CampThis is a week-long camp, Monday through Friday, for children from three years old to those entering first grade in the fall. Early childhood educators guide your child through activities i

35、ncluding songs, games, stories and walks in the woods. Daily themes include dirt, furry animals, insects and more! Parents sign up to bring a snack(小吃). Choose from either morning or afternoon sessions, from June 9 to July 1& 2019.Kids CampChildren explore all day in the natural world. Art, music, c

36、ooperative games and hikes through the woods are some of the activities in this fun-filled week. Each grade level has its own camp program especially designed with the campers5 interests in mind.Camp takes place Monday through Friday, 9 am to 3 pm.Level 1 (completed 1st grade): July 28 to August 1,

37、2019.Level 2 (completed 2nd grade): August 4 to & 2019.Level 3 (completed 3rd grade): August 11 to 15, 2019.Please note: children must bring their own lunches.Outdoor ExpeditionsSend your child on a traveling adventure. Teenagers will investigate the natural, cultural and historical facts that make

38、their hometown a great city. Activities will include unique field trips and tours.Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15, 2019.Please note: children must bring their own lunches.Rainbow CampCampers enjoy all kinds of activities including arts and crafts, music and singing, drama, act

39、ive games, cooking and a host of special events that go with our theme weeks! Special guests are invited to the camp every week to entertain our campers and may include storytellers, musicians and magicians.Week-long camps, June 14 to July 18.Campers must be at least 4 years old to take part.For mor

40、e information, call Frick Environmental Center at (412) 4226538.12. According to the passage, we can infer that Kinder Camp is probably organized to _.A. help children learn about nature while playingB. get children prepared for primary schoolC. offer parents a chance to play with their childrenD. d

41、evelop childrens language skills13. Campers in which of the following camps have the chance to meet special guests?A. Kinder Camp.B. Outdoor Expeditions.C. Rainbow Camp.D. Kids Camp.14. Jack, aged 13, interested in nature and is free in August, would probably take _.A. Rainbow CampB. Kids CampC. Kin

42、der CampD. Outdoor Expeditions15. Of the four camps, the common thing is that _.A. they are all whole-day camps for childrenB. they all last five days for each groupC. they all require campers to bring their own lunchesD. they are all for children over five years old16. What is the purpose of writin

43、g this article?A. To show the importance of attending camps.B. To tell us how to have fun during vacations.C. To introduce how to play with children.D. To give us some information about camps.【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾個(gè)夏令營(yíng)。12. A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一小節(jié)“Early childhood educators guide your child through activities

44、including songs, games, stories and walks in the woods. Daily themes include dirt, furry animals, insects and more!”可推斷出，Kinder Camp的目的是幫助孩子在玩耍的同時(shí)了解大自然。故選A項(xiàng)。13. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四小節(jié)中“Special guests are invited to the camp every week to entertain our campers and may include storytellers, musicians and m

45、agicians.” 每周都會(huì)邀請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e的客人來(lái)營(yíng)地招待我們的露營(yíng)者，其中可能包括講故事的人、音樂(lè)家和魔術(shù)師。故選C項(xiàng)。14. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一小節(jié)中的“Teenagers will investigate the natural, cultural and historical facts that make their hometown a great city.”及“Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15,2019.” Jack是個(gè)13歲的少年，喜歡大自然，八月有時(shí)間符合要求。故選D項(xiàng)。15. B【解析】細(xì)

46、節(jié)理解題。第一組：“This is a week-long camp, Monday through Friday,”第二組：“Camp takes place Monday through Friday, 9 am to 3 pm.”。第三組：“Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15,2019.”。第四組:“Week-long camps, June 14 to July 18.”，可知其大概都持續(xù)五天。故選B項(xiàng)。16. D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章意思可知，這是一篇介紹營(yíng)地的文章，應(yīng)該會(huì)發(fā)表在雜志或者廣告上，他的主要目

47、的是“To give us some information about camps.”即提供一些野營(yíng)的信息。故選D項(xiàng)。F（廣東省深圳市高級(jí)中學(xué)2020屆高三上學(xué)期）話題：國(guó)外求學(xué)居住方式難度：建議用時(shí)：6分Choosing where to live may be one of the biggest decisions youll make when you move to Sydney, but youll have plenty of help.Temporary arrival accommodationBefore you move to Sydney, we recommend

48、that you book a temporary place to stay. Once you get here, you can look for longer-term .au/accommodation/short-termOn-campus-residential colleges (fully catered飲食全包的)The University has eight residential colleges on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus, including International H

49、ouse, a residential community of global scholars. Colleges provide comfortable, fully furnished single rooms and daily meals, along with sporting, cultural, leadership and social programs. They also include on-site tutorials(輔導(dǎo)課) in addition to campus-based .au/collegesOn-campus re

50、sidences (self-catered飲食自理的)The University has two self-run residencesQueen Mary Building (QMB) and Abercrombie Student Accommodationon the Camperdown/Darlington Campus. Both just under a year old, they house up to 1000 students. These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop .au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlOff-campus livingMore than 90 percent of our students live