高中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習整理[教學專題]

1、高中英語被動語態(tài)講解1、 被動語態(tài)的構成：動作承受者+助動詞be（各種時態(tài)）+及物動詞的過去分詞+（by+動作發(fā)出者）1. That boy breaks the glass. The glass is broken by that boy.2、 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1. We request visitors not to touch the exhibits.(do) Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits (by us).( a

2、m/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現在時被動語態(tài))2.The boss gave me ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. (did)I _ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer (by the boss). （ was/were done 一般過去時被動語態(tài)）3.People will/shall lose hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.(will/shall do) Hundred

3、s of jobs _if the factory closes.(will/shall be done) The city is going to hold the winter Olympic Games.(be going to do ) The winter Olympic Games_ by the city.(be going to be done ) The cat is about to catch the mouse when I come in.(be about to do) The mouse _ by the cat when i come in.(be about

4、to be done) I am to buy a car in the coming month.(be to do) A car _ by me in the coming month.(be to be done) (will/shall/be going to/be about to/be to +be done)一般將來時被動語態(tài)引申:People would/should/ were going to/were about to/were to send the news to soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. The news _ th

5、e soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.4.We have completed all the preparation for the task. (have done) All the preparations for the task _ by us.(have been done) (have been done)現在完成時被動語態(tài)5. By the end of last year, Beijing had completed another new gym.(had done) By the end of last year, another

6、new gym _in Beijing.(had been done) (had been done)過去完成時被動語態(tài)6. We will have completed the project before September.(will have done) The project _ before July(will have been done). (will have been done)將來完成時被動語態(tài)7. The city is building a new cinema here.(be doing) A new cinema _ here by the city.(be b

7、eing done) (be being done)現在進行時被動語態(tài)8.They were holding a meeting when I was there.(be doing) A meeting _ when I was there.(be being done) (be being done)過去進行時被動語態(tài)三. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結構形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。The baby-sitter should take good care of the baby.The baby _by the baby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用

8、于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He _by his mother for his birthday.3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構中的主語，其余不動。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy _a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear,

9、 feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger _ into the building.5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。We put off the meeting till Friday.The meeting _ till Friday.四、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些

10、表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbedonethat從句”或“主語bedoneto do sth.”。有：It is said that/It is said to do 據說,It is reported that/It is reported to do據報道，It is believed that/It is believed to do大家相信，It is hoped that/It is hoped to do大家希望，It is well known tha

11、t/It is well known to do眾所周知，It is thought that/It is thought to do大家認為，It is suggested that/It is suggested to do據建議。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）五、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，wri

12、te，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.The door wont lock （指門本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.六、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義1 在need，want，require,

13、 bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；The picture-book is well worth reading3. I have a lot of things to do this afternoon 4. 形容詞不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，

14、interesting等。例This problem is difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/interesting to work out .七、被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別當“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作；作系表結構時表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：The glass is broken （系表結構）The glass was broken by the boy （被動語態(tài)）七、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1). In some parts of the world, tea _

15、with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are pai

16、nting C. are painted D. are being painting4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided5). The manager was happy to learn that the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have

17、 been booked6. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. Developed B. have developed C. are being developedD. will have been developed 7. The new bridge _ by the end of next month.A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. Will have been designed 8.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt 9. It is difficult for a