土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯(整理版)

1、.第一部分必須掌握，第二部分盡量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限單元法2 專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Specialty English 3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering 5 地下工程 Underground Engineering 6 巖土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 橋梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力學(xué) Engineering Mech

2、anics 11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety 17木結(jié)構(gòu) timber structure18 砌體結(jié)構(gòu) masonry structure 19 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)concrete structure 20 鋼結(jié)構(gòu) steelstructure21 鋼-混凝土復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 鋼筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 鋼筋 rebar 25 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 pre-stres

3、sed concrete26 靜定結(jié)構(gòu)statically determinate structure27 超靜定結(jié)構(gòu) statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架結(jié)構(gòu) truss structure 29 空間網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu) spatial grid structure 30 近海工程 offshore engineering 31 靜力學(xué) statics 32運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)kinematics 33 動(dòng)力學(xué)dynamics34 簡(jiǎn)支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36彈性力學(xué) elasticity 37 塑性力學(xué)

4、 plasticity38 彈塑性力學(xué) elaso-plasticity 39 斷裂力學(xué) fracture Mechanics40 土力學(xué) soil mechanics41 水力學(xué) hydraulics42 流體力學(xué) fluid mechanics43 固體力學(xué)solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 壓力 pressure46 靜水壓力 hydrostatic pressure 47 均布?jí)毫?uniform pressure48 體力 body force49 重力 gravity50 線荷載 line load51 彎矩 bending mom

5、ent52 torque 扭矩 53 應(yīng)力 stress 54 應(yīng)變 stain 55 正應(yīng)力 normal stress56 剪應(yīng)力 shearing stress 57 主應(yīng)力 principal stress 58 變形 deformation59 內(nèi)力 internal force60 偏移量 撓度 deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失穩(wěn) buckle63 軸力 axial force 64 允許應(yīng)力 allowable stress65 疲勞分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam 67 殼 shell68 板 plate69 橋 brid

6、ge 70 樁 pile 71 主動(dòng)土壓力 active earth pressure 72 被動(dòng)土壓力 passive earth pressure 73 承載力 load-bearing capacity 74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué) structural mechanics77 材料力學(xué) material mechanics78 經(jīng)緯儀 altometer79 水準(zhǔn)儀level80 學(xué)科 discipline 81 子學(xué)科 sub-discipline 82 期刊 journal ,periodical83文獻(xiàn)literature

7、84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刊號(hào)85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書號(hào)86 卷 volume87 期 number 88 專著 monograph89 會(huì)議論文集 Proceeding 90 學(xué)位論文 thesis, dissertation91 專利 patent 92 檔案 檔案室 archive93 國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議 conference 94 導(dǎo)師 advisor95 學(xué)位論文答辯 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate stud

8、ent97 研究生 postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科學(xué)引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科學(xué)技術(shù)會(huì)議論文集索引101 題目 title 102 摘要 abstract 103 全文 full-text 104 參考文獻(xiàn) reference 105 聯(lián)絡(luò)單位、所屬單位affiliation 106 主題詞 Subject107 關(guān)鍵字 keyword 108 ASCE American Society of

9、Civil Engineers 美國(guó)土木工程師協(xié)會(huì) 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 聯(lián)邦公路總署 110 ISO International Standard Organization 111 解析方法 analytical method 112 數(shù)值方法 numerical method 113 計(jì)算 computation114 說明書 instruction 第二部分：巖土工程專業(yè)詞匯1.geotechnicalengineering巖土工程2.foundationengineering基礎(chǔ)工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmech

10、anics土力學(xué)cyclicloading周期荷載unloading卸載reloading再加載viscoelasticfoundation粘彈性地基 viscousdamping粘滯阻尼 shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué)6.stresspath應(yīng)力路徑7.numericalgeotechanics數(shù)值巖土力學(xué) 二.土的分類1.residualsoil殘積土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土礦物4.secondaryminerals次生礦物5.lan

11、dslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection鉆孔柱狀圖7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地質(zhì)勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand礫砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand細(xì)砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉質(zhì)粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂質(zhì)粉土21.clayeysilt粘質(zhì)粉土22.saturatedsoil飽和土23.unsaturate

12、dsoil非飽和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固結(jié)土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固結(jié)土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固結(jié)土28.zonalsoil區(qū)域性土29.softclay軟粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨脹土31.peat泥炭32.loess黃土33.frozensoil凍土24.degreeofsaturation飽和度25.dryunitweight干重度26.moistunitweight濕重度45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyfo

13、rSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering國(guó)際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會(huì)四.滲透性和滲流1.Darcyslaw達(dá)西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流網(wǎng)6.seepage滲透（流）7.leakage滲流8.seepagepressure滲透壓力9.permeability滲透性10.seepageforce滲透力11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability滲透系數(shù)五.地基應(yīng)力和變形1.softsoil軟土2.(negative)skin

14、frictionofdrivenpile打入樁（負(fù)）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效應(yīng)力4.totalstress總應(yīng)力5.fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity靈敏度8.triaxialtest三軸試驗(yàn)9.foundationdesign基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)10.recompaction再壓縮11.bearingcapacity承載力12.soilmass土體13.contactstress(pressure)接觸應(yīng)力（壓力）14.concentratedload集中荷載15.asemi-infiniteelast

15、icsolid半無限彈性體16.homogeneous均質(zhì)17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting條基19.squarespreadfooting方形獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)20.underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下臥層（土）21.deadload=sustainedload恒載持續(xù)荷載22.liveload活載23.shorttermtransientload短期瞬時(shí)荷載24.long-termtransientload長(zhǎng)期荷載25.reducedload折算荷載26.settlement沉降27.deformation變形28.casing套管29.dike

16、=dyke堤（防）30.clayfraction粘粒粒組31.physicalproperties物理性質(zhì)32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil級(jí)配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil級(jí)配不良土35.normalstresses正應(yīng)力36.shearstresses剪應(yīng)力37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大（中、最?。┲鲬?yīng)力39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩爾-庫(kù)侖破壞條件40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.

17、limitequilibriummethod極限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水壓力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固結(jié)壓力44.modulusofcompressibility壓縮模量45.coefficentofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)46.compressionindex壓縮指數(shù)47.swellingindex回彈指數(shù)48.geostaticstress自重應(yīng)力49.additionalstress附加應(yīng)力50.totalstress總應(yīng)力51.finalsettlement最終沉降52.slipline滑動(dòng)線六.基坑開挖與降水

18、1excavation開挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失穩(wěn)4bracingoffoundationpit基坑圍護(hù)5bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起6retainingwall擋土墻7pore-pressuredistribution孔壓分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)（輕型）10deepwellpoint深井點(diǎn)11vacuumwellpoint真空井點(diǎn)12bracedcuts支撐圍護(hù)13bracedexcavation支撐開挖14bracedsheet

19、ing支撐擋板七.深基礎(chǔ)-deepfoundation1.pilefoundation樁基礎(chǔ)1)castin-place灌注樁divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注樁boredpile鉆孔樁special-shapedcast-in-placepile機(jī)控異型灌注樁pilessetintorock嵌巖灌注樁rammedbulbpile夯擴(kuò)樁2)belledpierfoundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)drilled-pierfoundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩under-reamedboredpier3)precastconcretepile預(yù)制混凝土樁4)steelpile鋼

20、樁steelpipepile鋼管樁steelsheetpile鋼板樁5)prestressedconcretepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressedconcretepipepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁2.caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragmwall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻4.frictionpile摩擦樁5.end-bearingpile端承樁6.shaft豎井；樁身7.waveequationanalysis波動(dòng)方程分析8.pilecaps承臺(tái)（樁帽）9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile單樁承載力10.lateralpileloadtest單樁橫

21、向載荷試驗(yàn)11.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile單樁橫向極限承載力12.staticloadtestofpile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗(yàn)13.verticalallowableloadcapacity單樁豎向容許承載力14.lowpilecap低樁承臺(tái)15.high-risepilecap高樁承臺(tái)16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile單樁抗拔極限承載力17.silentpiling靜力壓樁18.upliftpile抗拔樁19.anti-slidepile抗滑樁20.pilegroups群樁21.effi

22、ciencyfactorofpilegroups群樁效率系數(shù)（）22.efficiencyofpilegroups群樁效應(yīng)23.dynamicpiletesting樁基動(dòng)測(cè)技術(shù)24.finalset最后貫入度25.dynamicloadtestofpile樁動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn)26.pileintegritytest樁的完整性試驗(yàn)27.pilehead=butt樁頭28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe樁端（頭）29.pilespacing樁距30.pileplan樁位布置圖31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayout樁的布置32.groupaction群樁作用33

23、.endbearing=tipresistance樁端阻34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance樁側(cè)阻35.pilecushion樁墊36.piledriving(byvibration)（振動(dòng)）打樁37.pilepullingtest拔樁試驗(yàn)38.pileshoe樁靴39.pilenoise打樁噪音40.pilerig打樁機(jī)九.固結(jié)consolidation1.Terzzaghisconsolidationtheory太沙基固結(jié)理論2.Barraonsconsolidationtheory巴隆固結(jié)理論3.Biotsconsolidationtheory比奧固

24、結(jié)理論4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固結(jié)比5.overconsolidationsoil超固結(jié)土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔壓力7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多維固結(jié)8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一維固結(jié)9.primaryconsolidation主固結(jié)10.secondaryconsolidation次固結(jié)11.degreeofconsolidation固結(jié)度12.consolidationtest固結(jié)試驗(yàn)13.consolidationcurve固結(jié)曲線14.timef

25、actorTv時(shí)間因子15.coefficientofconsolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)16.preconsolidationpressure前期固結(jié)壓力17.principleofeffectivestress有效應(yīng)力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固結(jié)十.抗剪強(qiáng)度shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度2.residualstrength殘余強(qiáng)度3.long-termstrength長(zhǎng)期強(qiáng)度4.peakstrength峰值強(qiáng)度5.shearstrainrate剪切應(yīng)變速率6.dilatation剪脹7.

26、effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪脹抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory莫爾庫(kù)侖理論10.angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failurecriterion破壞準(zhǔn)則13.vanestrength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度14.unconfinedcompression無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線16.effectivestressstr

27、engthparameter有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)十一.本構(gòu)模型-constitutivemodel1.elasticmodel彈性模型2.nonlinearelasticmodel非線性彈性模型3.elastoplasticmodel彈塑性模型4.viscoelasticmodel粘彈性模型5.boundarysurfacemodel邊界面模型6.Duncan-Changmodel鄧肯張模型7.rigidplasticmodel剛塑性模型8.capmodel蓋帽模型9.worksoftening加工軟化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Cambridgemodel劍橋模型12.idea

28、lelastoplasticmodel理想彈塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫爾庫(kù)侖屈服準(zhǔn)則14.yieldsurface屈服面15.elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel彈性半空間地基模型16.elasticmodulus彈性模量17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克爾地基模型十二.地基承載力-bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure沖剪破壞2.generalshearfailure整體剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破壞4.st

29、ateoflimitequilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)5.criticaledgepressure臨塑荷載6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基穩(wěn)定性7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基極限承載力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容許承載力十三.土壓力-earthpressure1.activeearthpressure主動(dòng)土壓力2.passiveearthpressure被動(dòng)土壓力3.earthpressureatrest靜止土壓力4.Coulombsearthpres

30、suretheory庫(kù)侖土壓力理論5.Rankinesearthpressuretheory朗金土壓力理論十四.土坡穩(wěn)定分析-slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod畢肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)4.Felleniusmethodofslices費(fèi)紐倫斯條分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圓弧滑動(dòng)法6.slicesmethod條分法十五.擋土墻-retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性2.foundationwall基礎(chǔ)墻3.

31、counterretainingwall扶壁式擋土墻4.cantileverretainingwall懸臂式擋土墻5.cantileversheetpilewall懸臂式板樁墻6.gravityretainingwall重力式擋土墻7.anchoredplateretainingwall錨定板擋土墻8.anchoredsheetpilewall錨定板板樁墻十六.板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物-sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile鋼板樁2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile鋼筋混凝土板樁3.steelpiles鋼樁4.woodensheetpile木板樁5.tim

32、berpiles木樁十七.淺基礎(chǔ)-shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型基礎(chǔ)2.mat(raft)foundation片筏基礎(chǔ)3.stripfoundation條形基礎(chǔ)4.spreadfooting擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)5.compensatedfoundation補(bǔ)償性基礎(chǔ)6.bearingstratum持力層7.rigidfoundation剛性基礎(chǔ)8.flexiblefoundation柔性基礎(chǔ)9.embeddeddepthoffoundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度10.netfoundationpressure基底附加應(yīng)力11.structure-foundation-soi

33、linteractionanalysis上部結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)地基共同作用分析十八.土的動(dòng)力性質(zhì)-dynamicpropertiesofsoils1.dynamicstrengthofsoils動(dòng)強(qiáng)度2.wavevelocitymethod波速法3.materialdamping材料阻尼4.geometricdamping幾何阻尼5.dampingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化7.naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期8.dynamicshearmodulusofsoils動(dòng)剪切模量9.dynamicma二十.地基基礎(chǔ)抗震1.earthquakeengineering地震工程2.soildynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué)3.durationofearthquake地震持續(xù)時(shí)間4.earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反應(yīng)譜5.earthquakeintensity地震烈度6.earthquakemagnitude震級(jí)7.seismicpredominantperiod地震卓越周期8.maximumaccelerationofearthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室內(nèi)土工實(shí)驗(yàn)1