初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(全)

1、概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞； 行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句： 把be動(dòng)詞放于句首； 用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單

2、數(shù)形式，即常在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es。一、人稱代詞he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起來像只貓。(口訣：I用am，you用are，is用于她他它，單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞都用are)二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Han Mei looks like her mother. 韓梅看起來像她的母親。Beijing is in China. 北京在中國(guó)。Uncle Wang often makes c

3、akes. 王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。This book is yours. 這本書是你的。 四、不定代詞someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代詞this, that作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Everyone is here. 大家到齊了。There is something wrong with the watch. 這塊手表有毛病。五、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)為第三人

4、稱單數(shù)。如：The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。The bread is very small. 那面包很小。六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如：6 is a lucky number. 6是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。【練習(xí)】1、 單選1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C the

5、re are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D likin

6、g ;listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(遠(yuǎn)離 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7

7、_she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .二、一般過去時(shí)：概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般過去時(shí)的

8、結(jié)構(gòu)（可分三類不同的結(jié)構(gòu)） 動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí) 在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞， am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were 肯定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + not + 其它. 一般疑問句：Be(was , were) + 主語 + 其它？ 注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語選用was / were。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。 2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和 does 的過去式 di

9、d. 肯定句式：主語 + 動(dòng)詞（過去式）+ 其它 否定句式：主語 + didnt + 動(dòng)詞（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didnt】 一般疑問句：Did + 主語+ 動(dòng)詞（原形）+ 其它【do , does的過去時(shí)均為did】？ 注：1. did和didnt是構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動(dòng)詞的原形。 2. 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過去時(shí) I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改寫句子)I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my homework yesterday.(否定句)Did you do y

10、our homework yesterday？Yes ,I did. /No, I didnt.(一般疑問句)3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)與含有Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，是十分相似，請(qǐng)注意觀察。 肯定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 其它否定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其它. 一般疑問句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語 + 其它？ 注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。 4.特殊疑問句式： 特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其他？ 特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過去式+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

11、？ 特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？ Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他為什么遲到？What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式 1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed。 looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d。 livelived

12、useused taste-tasted3.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 ed。 studystudied trytried flyflied 4.以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstopped planplanned stop-stopped preferpreferred 5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。 如：am(is)-was, are-were（是）, become _became (成為) go-went（走）基本用法 表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 H

13、e suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside. 我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步。 敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事 She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打掃房間然后出去散步。 【練習(xí)】一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi

14、two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (d

15、ance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 11. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 12. Gao Shan _ (put) up the picture last night. 13. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What _ she _ (find) in the garden

16、last morning?15. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.17. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.18. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?二、按要求變換句型。 1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問句） _ Frank _ an interesting b

17、ook about history?2. He cleaned his roomjust now. （劃線提問） What_ he _?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week. （劃線提問） _ _ _ family _ last week? 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yeste

18、rday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last yea

19、r.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。構(gòu)成：be+現(xiàn)在分詞。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞，

20、應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致?！咀ⅰ縿?dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing，如：work-workingstudy-studying2.動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾，要去-e加-ing，如：make-makingdance-dancing3.重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ing，如：put-puttingbegin-beginning4.以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-ie變成y再加-ing，如：lie-lyingtie-tying寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式dance_shop_play_speak_have_work_write_take_study_sit_sing_swi

21、m_lie_變化：肯定句式：主語+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式：主語+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問句：Be(am, is, are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。用法（包括高級(jí)用法)：1,表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. 不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。Lets set

22、 off. It isnt raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧?，F(xiàn)在不下雨了。這類情況常與now現(xiàn)在，at the present現(xiàn)在，at the moment現(xiàn)在，today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this year今年等時(shí)間狀語連用。有時(shí)通過上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài)，如：Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn)。孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)！我們

23、大家都等著你。Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他們?cè)谀沁叺臉涞紫驴磿isten! She is singing in the room. 聽！她在房間里唱歌。Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里？她在房間里看書。Why are you crying? Is something wrong?為什么哭呢？有什么不對(duì)？2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S

24、工作。They are compiling a dictionary. 他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典。這類情況常與today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this evening今天晚上，these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語連用。3,在口語中表示主語計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作。They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約。Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？這類情況常與come來，go去， leave離開，depart離開，arrive到達(dá)，stay逗留，start開始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是

25、動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài)，主語必須是人。4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩。Hes always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her sons health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。The boy is forever asking questions. 那個(gè)男孩老是問問題。這類情況常與always總是，usually通常，continually不斷的，constantly經(jīng)常的，forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示

26、問者的關(guān)切心情。How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感覺如何？I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來。Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？6,有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外，一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的。Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來越有趣了。The leaves a

27、re turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了。The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了。Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會(huì)兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了。適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成，begin開始，forget忘記，remember記得，die死，finish完成，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，rise增強(qiáng)等.7,“be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。He is being foolish. 他在裝傻。He is being

28、honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí)。She is being rude. 她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。I cant understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私。適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful細(xì)心的，patient耐心的，lazy懶惰的，silly傻的，rude粗魯?shù)?，polite禮貌的，impolite無禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。（“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為，純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語不是人時(shí)，“be”動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）如：I am happy.（表

29、語是純粹的心理狀態(tài)，不可用am being） 我很快樂。Hes tired.（表語是純粹的生理狀態(tài)，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。Its hot today.（主語不是人，不可用is being） 今天很熱。 【練習(xí)】一.填空題1Mr Zheng _ (read) a book now.2. The rabbits _ (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John _ (swim).4. My brother _ (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus _ (stop).6. We _ (have) an Eng

30、lish class now.7. Listen! Someone is_(come).8. They _(catch) butterflies now.9. He _ (do) an experiment now.10. They _(collect) stamps now.11. Look! He _ (dive) now.12. Tom _ ( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors _ (get ) off the bus.14. Come on. They _ ( leave ) now.15. It _ (eat) fish no

31、w.16. My father _(work) in the office now.17. Where is your mother? She _ (answer) the phone.18. The teachers _ (run) now.二、按要求改寫句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對(duì)The boy提問：_2. 造句:1).she,the window,open,now.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(連詞成句)_3).She is closin

32、g the door now.(改成否定句)_4.)You are doing your homework.(用I作主語改寫句子)_5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句)_4、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：（一）概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。(二)結(jié)構(gòu)：were/were+V-ing.(三)標(biāo)志詞：this/thattime,this/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week)

33、,+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，4.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。例如：Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.（4） 一般過去時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡(jiǎn)略回答。1.肯定句:主語+was/were+V-ing+其它.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.2.否定句:主語+was/were+not+V-ing

34、+其它.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.3.一般疑問句：was/were主語+V-ing+其它?WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?肯定回答：Yes,Iwas.否定回答：No,Iwasnt.4. 特殊問句:疑問詞was/were主語+V-ing+其它?Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight?(五)基本用法：1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。(用介詞短語和從句來表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.(過去某一時(shí)刻)Mymot

35、herwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.(過去某一時(shí)刻)WewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein.我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)電話響了（從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或事情。（thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。）Lucywasworkingallday.（過去某一段時(shí)間）WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonineoclocklastnight.3.在復(fù)合從句中，從句和主句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性或同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么主從句都要過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。W

36、hilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的）HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗車時(shí)我在做飯。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）（6） when和while的用法區(qū)別when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間。因此when在狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞while只指一段時(shí)間。while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when說明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后生；while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)

37、間狀語從句。后用一般過去時(shí)。While后面一般用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，a. Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.weresingingwhileweweredancing.【練習(xí)】_at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglateB.sleptlateC.sleeplate_atthistime.A.talkingonthephonetalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingontheph

38、onewasstandinginfrontofthelibrary_.A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterday_whentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghaircuttinghairC.cuttinghairfatherwasreadingnewspaper_mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenC.what6.Mybrother_whilehe_hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereriding,rode7.IfirstmetLisat

39、hreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.B.wasworking.C isworkingwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?-I_theshower.A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofgetoutof9.I_mybreakfastwhenthebellrang.A.hadB.washavinghaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A. wastravelingB.traveledC.traveling11.-Whatsthema

40、tter,Ali?Youlooksad.”-Oh,nothingmuch.infact,I_ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinking12. What_fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?youdoneyoudoyoudoingcalledyouyesterdaytherewasnoanswer. -Oh,ImsorryI_dinneratmyfriendshome.B.washavingmother_whilemyfather_TV.A.cooked,wasw

41、atchingB.wascooking,waswatchingC.cooked,watchedIgothome,myson_themusic.A.amlisteningB.listenedtolistening二、動(dòng)詞填空。（work）alldayyesterday._（walk）homewhentherain_（begin）._（do）attenoclockyesterday-I_（study）inclass4.WhileHarry_（have）breakfast,Lilytelephonedhim5.I_(write)aletterattenlastnight.6.Itwassix.The

42、Greens_(have)supper.7.Whenyou_(knock)atthedooryesterday,I_(do)somewashing.8.Whilemymother_(watch)TV,I_(make)akite.9._you_(feed)theanimalsat5:00yesterdayafternoon?10.MrsGreen_(notwash)clothesatthistimelastSaturday.三、按要求改寫句子。wasgettingoutofbedwhentheUFOlanded.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）_you_whentheUFOlanded?2.Theyplaye

43、dtennisyesterdayafternoon.(用at5:00yesterdayafternoon改寫句子)They_tennisat5:00yesterdayafternoon.3. Whileitwasraining,theplanetookoff.（改為同義句）Itwasraining_theplane_off.4.昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我爸爸在看報(bào)紙。Myfather_anewspaperat8:00yesterdayevening.5.電話響時(shí)，我媽媽在做晚飯。Mymother_whenthephone_.6.當(dāng)外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，我報(bào)了警。_thealienwasbuyingasuveni

44、r,I_thepolice.7. Iwaswashingmyshoesatthattime.（改為一般問句）_yourshoesatthattime?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（一）構(gòu)成：主語have/hasV過去分詞?！癶ave /has”如何使用需記清。當(dāng)主語是I，you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)要用have；單數(shù)主語后跟has。也就是說have/has需同主語的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。（二）用法接觸一：肯定句式 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）過去分詞”。如： We have just finished o

45、ur homework She has gone home 注意：1）該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。 2）該句式中have（has）和過去分詞之間可用just插入。 3）把該句式譯成漢語時(shí)，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。 接觸二：疑問句式 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語之前。如： Have you read this story book yet？ 特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)如下： What have you done with my bike? Youve read this story book

46、, havent you? 注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。 2）把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句譯成漢語時(shí)，往往譯成“過嗎？”、“已經(jīng)了嗎？”等。 3）其肯定回答用“Yes，have（has）”，否定回答用“No，havent（hasnt）”，有時(shí)用“No，not yet”或“No，never”。 接觸三：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）過去分詞”。如： We havent studied Unit 2 yet The train hasnt stopped yet 注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句末往往加yet。 2）否定句常譯為“還沒有”等。 接觸四

47、：用法之一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如： Have you read that story？你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？ （“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。） I have bought two apples 我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。 （“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。） 在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如： I have already

48、 finished my homework我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 He has just had his meal他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They havent started yet他們還沒有動(dòng)身。 We have never heard of it我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。 接觸五：用法之二 :表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 注：這一用法即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have

49、等； 使用的時(shí)間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同： for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介詞，后面可以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如since 1980，也可以接“一段時(shí)間+ago”, 如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。 since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 如：We have known each other since we went to college. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如: comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, begin / startbe on, stop be over，buy have, borrow keep,