基于PLC的電梯控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中英文翻譯

1、elevatorsystembasedonplccomposedbytheorderofrelaycontrolsystemisarealizationofthefirstelevatorcontrolmethod.however,toenterthenineties,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandthewidespreadapplicationofcomputertechnology,thesafetyofelevators,reliabilityoftheincreasinglyhighdemandontherelaycontrolw

2、eaknessesarebecomingevident.elevatorcontrolsystemrelaysthefailureratehigh,greatlyreducesthereliabilityandsafetyofelevators,andescalatorsstoppedoftentotakewiththestaffabouttheinconvenienceandfear.andtheeventratherthantakingtheliftorsquatattheendoftheliftwillnotonlycausedamagetomechanicalcomponents,bu

3、talsopersonalaccidentmayoccur.programmablelogiccontroller(plc)isthefirstorderlogiccontrolinaccordancewiththeneedsofdevelopedspecificallyforindustrialenvironmentapplicationstooperatetheelectronicdigitalcomputingdevice.givenitsadvantages,atpresent,therelaycontrolthelifthasbeengraduallyreplacedbyplccon

4、trol.atthesametime,acvariablefrequencymotorspeedcontroltechnology,thewaytheliftdragspeedhasbeenagradualtransitionformdctoacfrequencyconverter.thus,plccontroltechnologyincreasesvvvfelevatormoderntechnologyhasbecomeahotindustry.1.plcelevatorcontroladvantages:(1)usedinelevatorcontrolplc,withsowareforau

5、tomaticcontrolofliftoperation,reliabilitygreatlyincreased.(2)layerwasremovedandmajorityoftherelay,thecontrolsystemstructureissimple,simplifytheexternalcircuit.(3)plccanbeavarietyofcomplexcontrolsystem,easytoaddorchangecontrolfunctions.(4)plccanbeautomatedfaultdetectionandalarmdisplaytoimprovetheoper

6、ationofsecurityandeaseofmaintenance.(5)forthegroupcontroltheallocationandmanagement,andimprovetheefficiencyofelevatoroperation.(6)donotneedtochangethecontrolschemechangeswhenthehardwareconnection.2.vvvfelevatorcontrolcharacteristics.withthepowerelectronics,microelectronicsandcomputertechnologytocont

7、roltherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,communicationtechnologyvvvfalsoaveryrapidrate.acvariablefrequencymotorspeedcontroltechnologyisthepowertoimprovetheprocessinordertoimproveproductqualityandimprovingtheenvironmentandpromotingtechnologicalprogressasaprimarymeans.frequencyofitsexcellentperformanceandth

8、espeedbrakefromasmoothperformance,highefficiency,highpowerfactorandpower-savingofabroadscopeofapplicationandmanyotheradvantagesofbeingathomeandabroadrecognizedasthemostpromisingapproachspeed.exchangecharacteristicsofvvvfelevator:(1)lowenergyconsumption.(2)lowloadcircuit,thereemergencypowersupplydevi

9、ceofsmall.intheaccelerationstage,therequiredstart-upcurrentoflessthan2.5timestheratedcurrent.peakstartingcurrentandtimeisshort.sincethestartingcurrentisdrasticallyreduced,sopowerconsumptionandpowersupplycablediametercanbereducedalot.requiredforemergencypowersupplydevicesarealsorelativelysmallsize.(3

10、)highreliabilityandlongservicelife.(4)goodcomfort.elevatoroperationisbesttofollowthespeedcurveofagivenoperation.theircharacteristicscanbeadaptedtohumanfeelings,andtoensurethatnoiseoperation,smoothbrakepinglayerandhighprecision.(5)stablenoise-free.(6)inthecar,theengineroomandadjacentareastoensurethat

11、noise.becausetheirsystemsuseahighclockfrequency.alwaysproduceatruesinewavepowersupplycurrentyet.motortorquerippledoesnotappear.therefore,toeliminatevibrationandnoise.3.elevatorcontroltechnology.theso-calledelevatorcontroltechnologyreferstotheelevatordrivesystemandelectricalcontrolsystemofautomaticco

12、ntrol.70asthe20thcenturyinchinaselevamarkedbytheexchangeoftwo-speedelevator.itsspeedisusedtochangetheelevatortractionmotoroftheveryfew,twoormute-levelapproachtothenumberofwindings,veryfewofthemashigh-speedwindingofthewinding,averyfewnumberofwindingsasthe1/9low-speedwinding.windingsforhigh-speedeleva

13、tor-speedstart-upandrunning,low-speedwindingsforbrakingandthemaintenanceofelevators.theearly80s,vvvfinvertercontrolledvariableliftsystemavailable.itusesacmotordrivers,areabletoreachthelevelofdcmotor,controlthespeedofthecurrenthasreached6m/sec.itssmallsize,lightweight,highefficiency,energysaving,inc1

14、udingthepastalmostalltheadvantagesofthelift.isthelatestelevatordrivesystemoperationinverticallift,thereisalsothestartingpointoftheterminusstation.formorethanthree-storyelevatorbuildings,thestartingpointoftheterminalstationsandstopsbetweenthehadnot,thestartingpointforthesestationsatthefirstfloorofthe

15、terminallocatedatthehighestfloor.startingpointinthefirstfloorofthestationknownasbasestations,knownasthestartingpointatbothendsoftheterminalstationsandstationsatbothendsofintermediatestopsbetweenstations.outsidethestationhasacallbox,boxsetareusedbystaffforelevatorcallbuttonortouchthecallbutton,thegen

16、eralendsoftheliftstationsinthecallboxonthesettingsbuttonortouchofabutton.1iddlelayerofthestationsetupthecallboxbuttonortouchbutton2.nodriversforthecontrolofelevators,atvariousstationsaresetupcallsmeonabuttonortouchbutton.elevatorcarandtheinternalsettings(exceptfordebriselevator)tomanipulateme.contro

17、lboxswitchonthehandleorsetupstationsandthecorrespondinglayerofbuttonsortouch-buttoncontrolboxonthetouch-controlbuttonorcommandbuttonortouchthecitybutton.outsidethecommandbuttonortouch-buttonissueasthesignaloutsidethecommandsignal,withinthecommandbuttonortouch-buttonissuewithinthesignalasacommandsign

18、al.80inthemid-20thcentury,thetouchbuttonhasbeenreplacedbymicro-button.astheelevatorcallboxoutsidethebasestation,inadditiontosetupacallbuttonortouchbutton,buta1sosetakeyswitchinordertoworktheelevatorclearance.driversormanagementstafftoopentheelevatortothebasestationcanwrigglethroughadedicatedkeytothe

19、keyswitch.closetheelevatorinplacetoautocraticallycutofftheelevatorcontrolpowersupplyorpowersupply.4.plccontrolelevatordesign.withthecontinuousdevelopmentofurbanconstruction,theincreasinghigh-risebuildings,elevatorsandlifeinthenationaleconomyhasabroadapplication.elevatorhigh-risebuildingsasameansoftr

20、ansportintheverticalrunofdailylifehavebeen2/9inextricablylinkedwithpeople.infacttheliftisbasedonexternalcallcontrolsignals,aswellasthelawsoftheirown,suchasrunning,andthecal1israndom,theliftisactuallyaman-machineinteractivecontrolsystem,simpletousecontrolorlogiccontrolordercannotmeetthecontrolrequire

21、ment,andtherefore,elevatorcontrolsystemusesarandomcontrollogic.elevatorcontroliscurrent1ygenerallyusedintwoways,first,theuseofcomputerasasignalcontrolunit,thecompletionoftheliftsignalacquisition,operationandfunctionofthese,toachievetheliftandsettheautocraticschedulingfunctiontoruntheelection,dragthe

22、controlfrominvertertocomplete;thesecondcontrolmodewithprogrammablelogiccontroller(plc)toreplacethecomputercontrolsignalsetstheelection.fromthecontrolandperformance,thesetwotypesofmethodsandthereisnosignificantdifference.mostofthedomesticmanufacturerstochoosethesecondapproach,becausethesmallerscaleof

23、productiontheredesignandmanufactureofhighcostofcomputercontroldevices;andplchighreliabi1ity,convenientandflexibleprogramdesign,anti-interferenceability,stableandreliableoperationofthecharacteristicsoftherefore,theelevatorcontrolsystemisnowwidelyusedtorealizeprogrammablecontrol.5.liftcontrolsystem.li

24、ftcontrolsystemisusedtomanipulateeachcontrolprocessbymanagingsuchcommandsasrunningdirection,carcall,landingcall,loadsignal,landingindication,safetyprotection.liftsindifferentapplicationshavedifferentload,speedanddrive/controlmodes.liftsinsameapplicationmayalsohavedifferentcontrolmode.whatevercontrol

25、modeisadopted,theobjectiveisthesame,tobespecific,accordingtocarcallandlandingcall,liftcontrolsystemwillexecuteautomaticlogicjudgmenttodeterminewhichliftwillreceivesignal,whichdirectionliftwillruntowardsandcompleteprogrammedcontrolobjectivethroughelectricalautomaticsystembasedoncommand.typesofliftcon

26、trolsystem.controlsystemdevelopmentchronicleindicatesthattherehasappearedmanycontrolmodes,suchassuchasrelaycontrol,plc,singlecomputercontrol,multiple-computercontrol.prevailingindifferentera,thesecontrolmodesarestillemployedinliftsnowduetomassiveintegratedcircuitandcomputertechnologydevelopment.plcc

27、ontrolsystem.3/9asabbreviationofprogrammablelogiccontroller,plcisanelectronicsystemfeaturingdigitalcomputation.itadoptsprogrammableepromtoexecutelogiccomputation,ordercontrol,timing,numbercounting,arithmeticcomputation,besides,itcaninputandoutputthroughdigitaloranalogymodes.themechanismofplccontroli

28、sasfollows:inputofplcincludessuchcommandsignals,aspowerkeytohomelanding,carcall,landingcall,varioussafetyswitches,positionsignal,whileoutputofplcincludescontactor,relay,indicatorsofcar/landingsandcommunicationunitary,indicatorsinsidecarandswitch,positionsignal,areinputtopc,whileotherexecutingcom.pro

29、grammingprincipleisdeterminedbyliftcontrolmode.programmingcaneitherbemadeaccordingtorelaylogiccontrolcircuitorindividuallyindifferentphasesaccordingtoliftcontrolfunctionsaftercompletelyseparatingfromrelaycontrolcircuit.basedonthereadymadecontrolcircuit,theformerissimpleandeasytomaster,whilethelatter

30、involveslessprogramsbyintegratingprogramsofsmallfunction.usedinliftcontrolsystem,plchassuchadvantages,ashighreliability,stability,easyprogramming,user-friendliness,convenientmaintenance&inspection.nowadays,thereisawiderangeandseriesofprogrammablelogiccontrollers.input/outputpointsrangefrom30to8000or

31、above,soastomeetliftcontrolrequirementswithdifferentlandingnumber.4/9plc控制下的電梯系統(tǒng)由繼電器組成的順序控制系統(tǒng)是最早的一種實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯控制的方法。但是，進(jìn)入九十年代，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們對(duì)電梯的安全性、可靠性的要求越來越高，繼電器控制的弱點(diǎn)就越來越明顯。電梯繼電器控制系統(tǒng)故障率高，大大降低了電梯的可靠性和安全性，經(jīng)常造成停梯，給乘用人員帶來不便和驚憂。且電梯一旦發(fā)生沖頂或蹲底，不但會(huì)造成電梯機(jī)械部件損壞，還可能出現(xiàn)人身事故?？删幊绦蚩刂破鳎╬lc）最早是根據(jù)順序邏輯控制的需要而發(fā)展起來的，是專門為

32、工業(yè)環(huán)境應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子裝置。鑒于其種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，目前電梯的繼電器控制方式己逐漸被plc控制所代替。同時(shí)，由于電機(jī)交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電梯的拖動(dòng)方式己由原來直流調(diào)速逐漸過渡到了交流變頻調(diào)速。因此，plc控制技術(shù)加變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)己成為現(xiàn)代電梯行業(yè)的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。1.plc控制電梯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：（1）在電梯控制中采用了plc用軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電梯運(yùn)行的自動(dòng)控制,可靠性大大大提高。（2）去掉了選層器及大部分繼電器，控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，外部線路簡(jiǎn)化。（3）plc可實(shí)現(xiàn)各種復(fù)雜的控制系統(tǒng)，方便地增加或改變控制功能。（4）可進(jìn)行故障自動(dòng)檢測(cè)與報(bào)警顯示，提高運(yùn)行安全性，并便于檢修。（5）用于群控調(diào)配和管理，并提高

33、電梯運(yùn)行效率。（6）更改控制方案時(shí)不需改動(dòng)硬件接線。2.電梯變頻調(diào)速控制的特點(diǎn)：隨著電力電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展也十分迅速。電動(dòng)機(jī)交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)是當(dāng)今節(jié)電、改善工藝流程以提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和改善環(huán)境、推動(dòng)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的一種主要手段。變頻調(diào)速以其優(yōu)異的調(diào)速性能和起制動(dòng)平穩(wěn)性能、高效率、高功率因數(shù)和節(jié)電效果，廣泛的適用范圍及其它許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被國(guó)內(nèi)外公認(rèn)為最有發(fā)展前途的調(diào)速方式。交流變頻調(diào)速電梯的特點(diǎn)：（1）能源消耗低。（2）電路負(fù)載低，所需緊急供電裝置小。在加速階段，所需起動(dòng)電流小于2.5倍的額定電流。且起動(dòng)電流峰值時(shí)間短。由于起動(dòng)電流大幅度減小，故功耗和供電纜

34、線直徑可減小很多。所需的緊急供電裝置的尺寸5/9也比較小。（3）可靠性高，使用壽命長(zhǎng)。（4）舒適感好。電梯運(yùn)行是跟隨最佳給定的速度曲線運(yùn)行的。其特性可適應(yīng)人體感受，并保證運(yùn)行噪聲小，制動(dòng)平穩(wěn)。（5）平層精度高。（6）運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)無(wú)噪聲在轎廂內(nèi)，機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)及鄰近區(qū)域確保噪聲小。因?yàn)槠湎到y(tǒng)中采用了高時(shí)鐘頻率。始終產(chǎn)生一個(gè)不失真的正弦波供電電流。電動(dòng)機(jī)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)距脈動(dòng)。因此，消除了振動(dòng)和噪聲。3.電梯控制技術(shù)。所謂電梯控制技術(shù)是指電梯的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及操縱系統(tǒng)的電氣自動(dòng)控制。作為我國(guó)20世紀(jì)70年代電梯的主要標(biāo)志是交流雙速電梯。其調(diào)速方法是采用改變電梯牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)的極對(duì)數(shù)，兩種或兩種不同級(jí)對(duì)數(shù)的繞組，其中極數(shù)少的繞

35、組稱為高速繞組，極數(shù)多的繞組稱為低速繞組。高速繞組用于電梯的起動(dòng)及穩(wěn)速運(yùn)行，低速繞組用于制動(dòng)及電梯的維修。80年代初，vvvf變頻變壓系統(tǒng)控制的電梯問世。它采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，卻可以達(dá)到直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的水平，目前控制速度已達(dá)6米/秒。它的體積小，重量輕，效率高，節(jié)省能源等幾乎包括了以往電梯的所有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。是目前最新的電梯拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。電梯在垂直運(yùn)行過程中，有起點(diǎn)站也有終點(diǎn)站。對(duì)于三層樓以上的建筑物的電梯，起點(diǎn)站和終點(diǎn)站之間還沒有?？空荆瘘c(diǎn)站設(shè)在一樓，終點(diǎn)站設(shè)在最高樓。設(shè)在一樓的起點(diǎn)站稱為基站，起點(diǎn)站和終點(diǎn)站稱為兩端站，兩端站之間稱為中間站。各站廳外設(shè)有召喚箱，箱上設(shè)置有供乘用人員召喚電梯用的召喚按鈕或觸

36、鈕，一般電梯在兩端站的召喚箱上各設(shè)置一只按鈕或觸鈕。中間層站的召喚箱各設(shè)置兩只按鈕或觸鈕。對(duì)于無(wú)司機(jī)控制的電梯，在各層站的召喚箱上均設(shè)置一只按鈕或觸鈕。而電梯的轎廂內(nèi)部設(shè)置有（雜物電梯除外）操縱箱。操縱箱上設(shè)置有手柄開關(guān)或與層站對(duì)應(yīng)的按鈕或觸鈕，操縱箱上的按鈕或觸鈕城內(nèi)指令按鈕或觸鈕。外指令按鈕或觸鈕發(fā)出的電信號(hào)稱為外指令信號(hào)，內(nèi)指令按鈕或觸鈕發(fā)出的電信號(hào)成為內(nèi)指令信號(hào)。20世紀(jì)80年代中期后，觸鈕已被微動(dòng)按鈕所取代。作為電梯基站的廳外召喚箱，除設(shè)置一只召喚按鈕或觸鈕外，還設(shè)置一只鑰匙開關(guān)，以便下班關(guān)電梯時(shí)。司機(jī)或管理人員把電梯開到基站后，可以通過專用鑰匙扭動(dòng)該鑰匙開關(guān)。把電梯的廳門關(guān)閉妥當(dāng)后，自動(dòng)切斷電梯控制電源或動(dòng)力電源。6/94.plc控制電梯的設(shè)計(jì)。隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑不斷增多，電梯在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和生活中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。電梯