高二語文配套練習(xí) 6.3 尚賢（新人教版選修《先秦諸子選讀》） Word版含解析

1、三、尚賢一、夯基訓(xùn)練1.下列句中加點詞的解釋正確的一項是()a.此若言之謂也若:這b.蓄祿不厚,則民不信信:講信用c.上之所以使下者所以:產(chǎn)生某種行為的原因d.其所以起者,以不相愛生也所以:行為賴以實現(xiàn)的工具手段和方式方法答案:a解析:b項,信:動詞,信任。c項,所以:行為賴以實現(xiàn)的工具手段和方式方法。d項,所以:產(chǎn)生某種行為的原因。2.選出不含通假字的一項()a.皆欲國家之富、人民之眾、刑政之治b.今上舉義不辟貧賤c.四鄙之萌人聞之d.莫不敬懼而施答案:a解析:b項,辟,通“避”;c項,萌,通“氓”,民;d項,施,通“惕”。3.下列各句中句式不同于其他三項的一項是()a.上之所以使下者,一物

2、也b.賢士不可不舉c.夫尚賢者,政之本也d.此固國家之珍而社稷之佐也答案:b解析:a、c、d三項均為判斷句,b項是被動句。4.下列句子停頓不當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)a.譬若/欲/眾其/國之善射/御之士/者。b.不能/以/尚賢/事能/為政也。c.然后/國之良士/亦/將/可得/而眾也。d.美章/而/惡不生,則/由得士也。答案:a解析:a項,應(yīng)為“譬若/欲眾/其國/之/善射御之士/者”。二、課內(nèi)閱讀5.閱讀下面的文字,完成第58題。故古者圣王之為政,列德而尚賢。雖在農(nóng)與工肆之人,有能則舉之,高予之爵,重予之祿,任之以事,斷予之令。曰:“爵位不高,則民弗敬;蓄祿不厚,則民不信;政令不斷,則民不畏。”舉三者授之賢

3、者,非為賢賜也,欲其事之成。故當(dāng)是時,以德就列,以官服事,以勞殿賞,量功而分祿。故官無常貴,而民無終賤。有能則舉之,無能則下之。舉公義,辟私怨,此若言之謂也。故古者堯舉舜于服澤之陽,授之政,天下平;禹舉益于陰方之中,授之政,九州成;湯舉伊尹于庖廚之中,授之政,其謀得;文王舉閎夭、泰顛于罝罔之中,授之政,西土服。故當(dāng)是時,雖在于厚祿尊位之臣,莫不敬懼而施;雖在農(nóng)與工肆之人,莫不競勸而尚德。故士者,所以為輔相承嗣也。故得士則謀不困,體不勞,名立而功成,美章而惡不生,則由得士也。是故子墨子言曰:“得意,賢士不可不舉;不得意,賢士不可不舉。尚欲祖述堯舜禹湯之道,將不可以不尚賢。夫尚賢者,政之本也?！?

4、墨子尚賢上)下列句中加點的詞語的意義和用法相同的一項是()a.故古者圣王之為政非為賢賜也,欲其事之成b.有能則舉之雖在農(nóng)與工肆之人c.名立而功成美章而惡不生d.堯舉舜于服澤之陽冰,水為之,而寒于水答案:c解析:a項,動詞,治理,處理;介詞,因為。b項,人稱代詞,代有才能的人;結(jié)構(gòu)助詞,的。c項,都是連詞,表并列關(guān)系。d項,介詞,在;介詞,比。6.下列句子的文言句式不同于其他三項的一項是()a.任之以事b.此若言之謂也c.堯舉舜于服澤之陽d.掭以尖草,不出答案:b解析:a、c、d三項為狀語后置句。b項為判斷句。7.下列句中沒有通假字的一項是()a.美章而惡不生b.舉公義,辟私怨c.莫不競勸而尚德

5、d.尚欲祖述堯舜湯禹之道答案:c解析:a項,章,通“彰”,明顯,顯著。b項,辟,通“避”,避免。d項,尚,通“倘”,倘若,如果。8.把下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)以德就列,以官服事,以勞殿賞,量功而分祿。(2)故官無常貴,而民無終賤。有能則舉之,無能則下之。答案:(1)按德行的高下走向相應(yīng)的位次,按官職從事相應(yīng)的職事,按功勞確定賞賜,按業(yè)績分給俸祿。(2)所以做官的不會永遠(yuǎn)尊貴,而做百姓的不會永遠(yuǎn)低賤。有才能就選用他,沒有才能就降他的官職。三、延伸閱讀9.閱讀下面的文言文,完成第913題。興賢(宋)王安石國以任賢使能而興,棄賢專己而衰。此二者必然之勢,古今之通義,流俗所共知耳。何治安之世有之

6、而能興,昏亂之世雖有之亦不興?蓋用之與不用之謂矣。有賢而用,國之福也,有之而不用,猶無有也。商之興也有仲虺、伊尹,其衰也亦有三仁。周之興也,同心者十人,其衰也亦有祭公謀父、內(nèi)史過。兩漢之興也有蕭、曹、寇、鄧之徒,其衰也亦有王嘉、傅喜、陳蕃、李固之眾。魏、晉而下,至于李唐,不可遍舉,然其間興衰之世,亦皆同也。由此觀之,有賢而用之者,國之福也,有之而不用,猶無有也,可不慎歟?今猶古也,今之天下亦古之天下,今之士民猶古之士民。古雖擾攘之際,猶有賢能若是之眾,況今太寧,豈曰無之,在君上用之而已。博詢眾庶,則才能者進(jìn)矣;不有忌諱,則讜直之路開矣;不邇小人,則讒諛者自遠(yuǎn)矣;不拘文牽俗,則守職者辨治矣;不責(zé)

7、人以細(xì)過,則能吏之志得以盡其效矣。茍行此道,則何慮不跨兩漢、軼三代,然后踐五帝三皇之途哉!對下列句子中加點的詞的解釋,不正確的一項是()a.博詢眾庶博:廣泛b.則讜直之路開矣讜:正直c.軼三代軼:通“佚”,散失d.然后踐五帝三皇之途途:道路,這里指治世的境界答案:c解析:c項,“軼”的意思是“超過,超越”。10.下列各句中加點的詞語在文中的意義與現(xiàn)代漢語不相同的一項是()a.流俗所共知耳b.然其間興衰之世,亦皆同也c.周之興也,同心者十人d.不有忌諱答案:a解析:a項中的“流俗”古今意義不同。古義:一般人;今義:一般的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣(含貶義)。b、c、d三項中加點的詞語古今意義相同。11.下列句中加

8、點詞的意義和用法相同的一組是()a.其衰也亦有三仁其皆出于此乎b.則讒諛者自遠(yuǎn)矣風(fēng)之積也不厚,則其負(fù)大舟也無力c.則何慮不跨兩漢何治安之世有之而能興d.有賢而用之者無恒產(chǎn)而有恒心者,惟士為能答案:b解析:a項,代詞,代商朝;語氣副詞,“豈”,表反問語氣。b項,均為承接連詞,那么。c項,疑問代詞,什么;疑問代詞,為什么。d項,表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞,而且;表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞,卻。12.下列對原文的概括和分析,不正確的一項是()a.作者開篇陳述了論點“國以任賢使能而興,棄賢專己而衰”,認(rèn)為“治安之世”有賢才能造就興旺之國,而“昏亂之世”,雖有賢才卻無法挽回衰敗的局面,問題的關(guān)鍵就在于用與不用。b.作者綜觀

9、商、周以來的歷史發(fā)展,援引史實,有力地證明:發(fā)現(xiàn)賢能,引進(jìn)賢能,才能使國家再現(xiàn)“三皇五帝”時的繁榮景象。c.為使自己的論證有說服力,作者在使用史實的時候,歷數(shù)古代“用與不用”兩種相反的結(jié)局,并把這些古代的事例當(dāng)做現(xiàn)實社會的一面鏡子,進(jìn)行古今映照。d.本文的思路先是由古到今,繼而又從今返古,既循環(huán)往復(fù),又一意到底,不生枝節(jié)。文章短小精悍,平易明快,言辭時而虎虎有生氣,時而飽含深邃憂思,筆力雄健。答案:d解析:d項中“本文的思路先是由古到今,繼而又從今返古”的說法有誤,本文思路由古到今,并未從今返古。13.將文中畫線句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)何治安之世有之而能興,昏亂之世雖有之亦不興?蓋用之與不用

10、之謂矣。(2)古雖擾攘之際,猶有賢能若是之眾,況今太寧,豈曰無之,在君上用之而已。答案:(1)可為什么安定的時代有人才國家就能興盛,昏亂的時代雖然有人才國家也不能興盛呢?原因是任用賢能與不用賢能啊。(2)古代哪怕是紛擾的亂世,還能有那么多賢能之士,何況今天太平時節(jié),怎能說沒有人才呢,關(guān)鍵在于君主任用(還是不任用)賢能罷了。參考譯文:國家都是因為任用賢能的人才能興盛,因為不用賢能之人而專憑君主一己之見而衰敗。這兩點是社會發(fā)展的必然規(guī)律,古往今來都是這樣,也是一般人所能認(rèn)同的?？蔀槭裁窗捕ǖ臅r代有人才國家就能興盛,昏亂的時代雖然有人才國家也不能興盛呢?原因是任用賢能與不用賢能啊。有了賢能的人并加以

11、任用,這是國家的福氣;有了賢能的人卻不用,就像沒有一樣。商朝興起時有仲虺、伊尹這樣的賢臣,等到衰敗時也有三仁(微子、箕子、比干)這樣的賢人;周朝興起時,有與武王同心同德的十位賢臣,等到衰敗時,也有祭公謀父、內(nèi)史過這樣的賢臣;兩漢興起時,有蕭何、曹參、寇恂、鄧禹這樣的人,等到衰敗時,也有王嘉、傅喜、陳蕃、李固這樣眾多的賢人。從魏、晉以后,一直到唐朝,這樣的賢人很多,不能全部列舉,而這其中有的出現(xiàn)在興盛的時代,有的出現(xiàn)在衰敗的時代,也和上面所說的相同。由此看來,有賢能之人并加以任用,是國家的福氣;有賢能的人卻不用,就像沒有一樣,(對于這種情況)怎么不應(yīng)該慎重地對待呢?現(xiàn)今的情況和古代是相通的,現(xiàn)今

12、的天下就如同古代的天下,現(xiàn)今的士人和民眾也如同古代的士人和民眾。古代哪怕是紛擾的亂世,還能有那么多賢能之士,何況今天太平時節(jié),怎能說沒有人才呢,關(guān)鍵在于君主任用(還是不任用)賢能罷了。廣泛地征求眾人的意見,有才能的人就能進(jìn)用了;沒有忌諱的事情,人們就敢于直言進(jìn)諫了;不親近小人,那些進(jìn)讒阿諛之人就被疏遠(yuǎn)了;不斤斤計較于文牘細(xì)節(jié)、受制于世俗之見,主管相關(guān)部門的人就能夠明辨地處理事務(wù)了;不挑別人的小毛病,有辦事能力的人就可以按照自己的設(shè)想以達(dá)到相應(yīng)的效果了。如果能夠這樣做,還怕不會超越兩漢、勝過三代,而達(dá)到五帝三皇那樣的盛世嗎!gqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1

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25、ls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i3

26、0ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav hhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1d

27、kaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7f