archive.basel.int

1、unep/chw/oewg/46/12inf/16bcunep/chw/oewg/46/inf/1612distr.: general23 august 25 may 20075original: english only21open-ended working group of the basel conventionon the control of transboundary movements ofhazardous wastes and their disposalsixthf ourth sessiongeneva, 4387 september july 20057item 10

2、 (d)5 (k) of the provisional agenda* unep/chw/oewg/4/6/1/rev.1.strategic partnerships: mercurydraft technical guidelines on the environmentally sound management of mercury wastesnote by the secretariat implementation of the decisions adopted by the attached are the draft technical guidelines on the

3、environmentally sound management of mercury wastes as prepared for the secretariat by the institute for global environmental strategies (iges) of japan, for consideration by the meeting. this document has not been formally edited by the secretariat.updated after oewg6 (3rd draft)annexdraft technical

4、 guidelines on the environmentally sound management of mercury waste253 augustoctober 2007table of contents1.0introduction91.1background91.2purpose91.3definition of mercury waste under the basel convention91.3.1scope91.3.2general guidance on esm of mercury waste101.4about mercury111.4.1chemical prop

5、erties111.4.2behaviour in the environment111.4.3health effects121.4.3.1methylmercury121.4.3.1.1general information121.4.3.1.2thresholds for onset of methylmercury symptoms in adults121.4.3.1.3thresholds for onset of methylmercury symptoms for sensitive group131.4.3.1.4methylmercury in fish131.4.3.2e

6、lemental mercury141.4.3.3inorganic mercury141.4.4mercury pollution141.4.4.1minamata disease141.4.4.2iraq mercury poisoning151.4.4.3illegal transboundary movement of mercury waste - paradise poisoned sihanouk ville, cambodia151.4.4.3environmental pollution around a dump site nairobi, kenya152.0source

7、s and types of mercury waste172.1introduction172.2sources and types of mercury waste172.3common process and source on causal factors of mercury waste192.3.1industrial processes using mercury or for consumer products202.3.2wastewater treatment process202.3.3thermal process of natural mercury impuriti

8、es in raw materials and mercury waste202.3.4process at artisanal and small scale gold mining213.0provisions for mercury in the unep and the basel convention223.1introduction223.2unep governing council decisions223.3saicm global plan of action223.4basel convention233.4.1general provisions233.4.2class

9、ification of mercury waste233.4.3transboundary movement control244.0chemical analysis of mercury in waste254.1introduction254.2analytical procedure254.3chemical analysis of mercury in waste254.3.1leaching test method the japanese standardized leaching test no. 13 (jlt-13) (ministry of the environmen

10、t notification no. 13)254.3.1.1introduction254.3.1.2samples and sampling254.3.1.3pretreatment254.3.1.4preparation of sample test solution264.3.1.5quantification cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (cvaas)264.3.2us epa method 7471a264.3.2.1introduction264.3.2.2digestion procedures264.3.3other

11、analytical methods264.3.4direct mercury analysis264.3.5measurement of total mercury using cvafs275.0guidance on environmentally sound management (esm) criteria and practices of mercury waste285.1introduction285.2basel convention technical guidelines on recycling/reclamation of metals and metal compo

12、unds (r4) of the basel convention285.3oecd core performance elements of esm for government and industry285.4application of best available techniques (bat) & best environmental practices (bep)295.4.1application of best available techniques (bat)295.4.2application of best environmental practices (bep)

13、306.0legislative and regulatory framework326.1introduction326.2phase-out production and use of mercury326.3identification and inventories of mercury waste326.4purchasing practices336.5control of exports or imports of mercury waste336.6registration of mercury waste generators336.7authorization of tre

14、atment and disposal facilities336.8inspections and monitoring of treatment and disposal facilities346.9employee training346.10mercury spill prevention, response, and emergency measures346.11liability and compensation provisions356.12compliance promotion356.13penalties for non compliance367.0applicat

15、ion for mercury waste prevention and minimization (including reduction of discharge and emission)377.1introduction377.2source reduction (alternative processes or materials)377.2.1introduction377.2.2intentional uses of mercury in industrial process377.2.2.1chlor-alkali chlorine and caustic soda manuf

16、acturing377.2.2.2vinyl chloride monomer (vcm) production417.2.3artisanal and small scale gold mining417.2.4mercury-free artisanal and small scale gold mining (asm)417.2.5mercury-free products437.3waste minimization (reduction of discharges)467.3.1introduction467.3.2reduction of discharge in industri

17、al process467.3.2.1reduction of discharge in mercury cell chlor-alkali manufacturing467.3.2.2reduction of discharge in vcm production487.3.3waste minimization in asm497.3.4reduction of discharge from mercury-containing products497.3.5products labelling507.3.6collection of mercury-containing products

18、 for reuse and recycling517.4how to minimize exposure517.5training and cleaner production518.0handling, collection, storage (interim), and transportation of mercury waste538.1introduction538.2collection538.2.1mercury-containing product collection538.2.2collection of mercury and mercury waste from sp

19、ills and manufacturing sites548.2.3take-back programmes558.3handling568.4storage578.5transportation589.0treatment of mercury waste and recovery of mercury599.1introduction599.2mercury recovering process solid type of mercury waste599.2.1introduction599.2.2pretreatment599.2.2.1fluorescent lamps599.2.

20、2.1.1mechanical crushing599.2.2.1.2air separation599.2.2.2mercury batteries619.2.2.3sewage sludge619.2.2.4liquid mercury-containing products619.2.3roasting process619.2.3.1introduction619.2.3.2vacuum-sealed roasting technology629.2.3.3rotary kiln629.2.3.4multiple hearth roaster629.2.4recovery of mer

21、cury purification639.2.5other processes639.2.5.1application of thermal processes639.2.5.2chemical leaching/acid leaching639.2.5.3further options639.3mercury recovering process mercury in wastewater and other liquid mercury waste or air gas639.3.1introduction639.3.2chemical oxidation649.3.3chemical p

22、recipitation649.3.4adsorption treatment649.3.4.1ion exchange resin649.3.4.2chelating resin649.3.4.3activated carbon649.3.5amalgamation649.4stabilization/solidification: encapsulation technologies659.4.1introduction659.4.2grout/portland cement stabilization659.4.3sulphur polymer stabilization/solidif

23、ication (spss)6510.0long term storage and disposal of mercury waste6610.1introduction6610.2long term storage6610.2.1overpacking the mercury-filled flasks into steel barrels (the instance in usa)6610.2.2european mercury storage solution stocks of mercury at almadn (the instance in europe)6710.3landfi

24、ll6711.0remediation of sites contaminated with mercury6911.1introduction6911.2 remediation programmes6911.3remediation techniques6911.4emergency response7211.5restoration of minamata bay the damage caused by mercury poisoning7312.0public awareness and participation7412.1introduction7412.2programmes7

25、512.3identification of players on programmes of public participation7612.4type ii initiative7613.0recommendations on policies dealing with environmentally sound management of mercury waste79appendix a:chemical analysis of mercury82a.1introduction82a.2sampling82a.2.1environmental samples82a.2.1.1fish

26、 and shellfish82a.2.1.2water82a.2.1.3sediment/soil83a.2.1.4plants83a.2.1.5atmosphere/air83a.2.2human samples84a.2.2.1hair84a.2.2.2blood84a.2.2.3urine84a.3digestion procedures84a.4analytical method for total mercury85a.5analytical method for methylmercury85a.6emergency countermeasures86a.7environment

27、al survey86a.7.1.1identification of contamination source86a.7.1.2identification of exposure source86appendix b:unep governing council decisions89b.121st session in february 200189b.222nd session in february 200389b.323rd session in february 200590b.424th session in february 200790appendix c:saicm gl

28、obal plan of action92c.1saicm three core texts:92c.2the dubai declaration92c.3the overarching policy strategy92c.4global plan of action92appendix d:oecd core performance elements of environmentally sound management (esm) for government and industry95d.1adequate regulatory infrastructure and enforcem

29、ent should exist to ensure compliance with applicable regulations95d.2recovery facility should be authorised95d.3recovery facility should take adequate measures to safeguard occupational and environmental health and safety95d.4recovery facility should have an applicable environmental management syst

30、em (ems) in place95d.5recovery facility should have an operative monitoring, recording and reporting programme96d.6facility shall have an appropriate and operative training programme for the personnel96d.7recovery facility should have an information exchange programme to optimise recovery96d.8recove

31、ry facility should have a verified emergency plan97d.9recovery facility should have a plan for closure and after-care97references981.0introduction101.1background101.2purpose101.3definition of mercury waste under the basel convention101.3.1scope101.3.2general guidance on esm of mercury waste111.4abou

32、t mercury121.4.1chemical properties121.4.2behaviour in the environment121.4.3health effects131.4.3.1methylmercury131.4.3.1.1general information131.4.3.1.2thresholds for onset of methylmercury symptoms in adults131.4.3.1.3thresholds for onset of methylmercury symptoms for sensitive group141.4.3.1.4me

33、thylmercury in fish141.4.3.2elemental mercury151.4.3.3inorganic mercury151.4.4mercury pollution past bitter experiences151.4.4.1minamata disease151.4.4.2iraq mercury poisoning161.4.4.3illegal transboundary movement of mercury waste - paradise poisoned sihanouk ville, cambodia162.0sources and types o

34、f mercury waste172.1introduction172.2sources and types of mercury waste172.3common process and source on causal factors of mercury waste192.3.1industrial processes using mercury or for consumer products202.3.2wastewater treatment process202.3.3thermal process of natural mercury impurities in raw mat

35、erials and mercury waste202.3.4process at artisanal and small scale gold mining213.0provisions for mercury in the unep and the basel convention223.1introduction223.2unep governing council decisions223.3saicm global plan of action223.4basel convention233.4.1general provisions233.4.2classification of

36、mercury waste233.4.3transboundary movement control244.0chemical analysis of mercury in waste254.1introduction254.2analytical procedure254.3chemical analysis of mercury in waste254.3.1elution analysis method - analytical method of heavy metals contained in industrial wastes (ministry of the environme

37、nt notification no. 13)254.3.1.1introduction254.3.1.2samples and sampling254.3.1.3pretreatment254.3.1.4preparation of sample test solution264.3.1.5quantification cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (cvaas)264.3.2us epa method 7471a264.3.2.1introduction264.3.2.2digestion procedures264.3.3other

38、 analytical methods264.3.4direct mercury analysis264.3.5measurement of total mercury using cvafs275.0guidance on environmentally sound management (esm) criteria and practices of mercury waste285.1introduction285.2basel convention technical guidelines on recycling/reclamation of metals and metal comp

39、ounds (r4) of the basel convention285.3oecd core performance elements of esm for government and industry285.4application of best available technologies (bat) & best environmental practices (bep)295.4.1application of best available technologies (bat)295.4.2application of best environmental practices

40、(bep)306.0legislative and regulatory framework326.1introduction326.2phase-out production and use of mercury326.3identification and inventories of mercury waste326.4purchasing practices336.5control of exports or imports of mercury waste336.6registration of mercury waste generators336.7authorization o

41、f treatment and disposal facilities336.8inspections and monitoring of treatment and disposal facilities346.9employee training346.10mercury spill prevention, response, and emergency measures356.11liability and compensation provisions356.12compliance promotion356.13penalties for non compliance366.14na

42、tional initiatives on legislation376.14.1sweden376.14.2philippines376.14.3denmark376.14.4the netherlands377.0application for mercury waste prevention and minimization (including reduction of discharge and emission)387.1introduction387.2source reduction (alternative processes or materials)387.2.1intr

43、oduction387.2.2intentional uses of mercury in industrial process387.2.2.1chlor-alkali chlorine and caustic soda manufacturing387.2.2.2vinyl chloride monomer (vcm) production427.2.3artisanal and small scale gold mining427.2.4mercury-free artisanal and small scale gold mining (asm)427.2.5mercury-free

44、products447.3waste minimization (reduction of discharges)477.3.1introduction477.3.2reduction of discharge in industrial process477.3.2.1reduction of discharge in mercury cell chlor alkali manufacturing477.3.2.2reduction of discharge in vcm production497.3.3waste minimization in asm507.3.4reduction o

45、f discharge from mercury-containing products507.3.5products labelling517.3.6collection of mercury-containing products for reuse and recycling527.4how to minimize exposure527.5training and cleaner production528.0handling, collection, storage (interim), and transportation of mercury waste548.1introduc

46、tion548.2collection548.2.1mercury-containing product collection548.2.2collection of mercury and mercury waste from spills and manufacturing sites558.2.3take-back programmes568.3handling578.4storage588.5transportation599.0treatment of mercury waste and recovery of mercury609.1introduction609.2mercury

47、 recovering process solid type of mercury waste609.2.1introduction609.2.2pretreatment609.2.2.1fluorescent lamps609.2.2.1.1mechanical crushing609.2.2.1.2air separation609.2.2.2mercury batteries629.2.2.3sewage sludge629.2.2.4liquid mercury-containing products629.2.3roasting process629.2.3.1introductio

48、n629.2.3.2vacuum-sealed roasting technology639.2.3.3rotary kiln639.2.3.4multiple hearth roaster639.2.4recovery of mercury purification649.2.5other processes649.2.5.1application of thermal processes649.2.5.2chemical leaching/acid leaching649.2.5.3further options649.3mercury recovering process mercury

49、 in wastewater and other liquid mercury waste or air gas649.3.1introduction649.3.2chemical oxidation649.3.3chemical precipitation659.3.4adsorption treatment659.3.4.1ion exchange resin659.3.4.2chelating resin659.3.4.3activated carbon659.3.5amalgamation659.4stabilization/solidification: encapsulation

50、technologies669.4.1introduction669.4.2grout/portland cement stabilization669.4.3sulphur polymer stabilization/solidification (spss)6610.0long term storage and disposal of mercury waste6710.1introduction6710.2long term storage6710.2.1overpacking the mercury-filled flasks into steel barrels (the insta

51、nce in usa)6710.2.2european mercury storage solution stocks of mercury at almadn (the instance in europe)6810.3landfill6811.0remediation of sites contaminated with mercury7011.1introduction7011.2remediation programmes7011.3remediation techniques7011.4emergency response7311.5restoration of minamata b

52、ay7412.0public awareness and participation7512.1introduction7512.2programmes7612.3identification of players on programmes of public participation7712.4type ii initiative7713.0recommendations on policies dealing with environmentally sound management of mercury waste80appendix a:chemical analysis of m

53、ercury83a.1introduction83a.2sampling83a.2.1environmental samples83a.2.1.1fish and shellfish83a.2.1.2water83a.2.1.3sediment/soil84a.2.1.4plants84a.2.1.5atmosphere/air84a.2.2human samples85a.2.2.1hair85a.2.2.2blood85a.2.2.3urine85a.3digestion procedures85a.4analytical method for total mercury86a.5anal

54、ytical method for methylmercury86a.6emergency countermeasures87a.7environmental survey87a.7.1.1identification of contamination source87a.7.1.2identification of exposure source87appendix b:unep governing council decisions90b.121st session in february 200190b.222nd session in february 200390b.323rd session in february 20059