計算機專業(yè)外文文獻及翻譯

1、精選文庫微軟 Visual Studio1 微軟 Visual StudioVisual Studio 是微軟公司推出的開發(fā)環(huán)境， Visual Studio 可以用來創(chuàng)建 Windows 平臺下的 Windows 應用程序和網(wǎng)絡應用程序，也可以用來創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)絡服務、智能設備應用程序和Office 插件。Visual Studio是一個來自微軟的集成開發(fā)環(huán)境IDE，它可以用來開發(fā)由微軟視窗，視窗手機，WindowsCE、 .NET 框架、 .NET 精簡框架和微軟的 Silverlight 支持的控制臺和圖形用戶界面的應用程序以及 Windows 窗體應用程序，網(wǎng)站， Web 應用程序和網(wǎng)絡服務中

2、的本地代碼連同托管代碼。Visual Studio 包含一個由智能感知和代碼重構支持的代碼編輯器。集成的調(diào)試工作既作為一個源 代碼級調(diào)試器又可以作為一臺機器級調(diào)試器。 其他內(nèi)置工具包括一個窗體設計的 GUI 應用程序， 網(wǎng)頁 設計師，類設計師，數(shù)據(jù)庫架構設計師。它有幾乎各個層面的插件增強功能，包括增加對支持源代碼 控制系統(tǒng)（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集設計和可視化編輯器，如特定于域 的語言或用于其他方面的軟件開發(fā)生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客戶端：團隊資源管理器）。Visual Studio 支持不同的編程語

3、言的服務方式的語言，它允許代碼編輯器和調(diào)試器（在不同程度上）支持幾乎所有的編程語言， 提供了一個語言特定服務的存在。 內(nèi)置的語言中包括 C/C + +中（通過Visual C+) ,VB.NET (通過 Visual Basic.NET) , C# 中(通過 Visual C #)和 F# (作為 Visual Studio 2010)，為支持其他語言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通過安裝單獨的語言服務。它也支持的XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML JavaScript 和CSS為特定用戶提供服務的 Visual Studio也是存在的：微軟 Visual Basic, Visua

4、l J #、Visual C #和 Visual C+。微軟提供了 直通車”的 Visual Studio 2010 組件的 Visual Basic 和 Visual C #和 Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何費用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和 2005專業(yè)版，以及 Visual Studio2005的特定語言版本（Visual Basic、C+、C#、J#），通過微軟的下載 DreamS park計劃，對學生 免費。2 架構Visual Studio 不支持任何編程語言，解決方案或工具本質。相反，它允許插入各種功能。特

5、定的 功能是作為一個VS壓縮包的代碼。安裝時，這個功能可以從服務器得到。IDE提供三項服務:SVsSolution,它提供了能夠列舉的項目和解決方案；SVsUIShell,它提供了窗口和用戶界面功能（包括標簽，工具欄和工具窗口）和 SVsShell,它處理VS壓縮包的注冊。此外，IDE還可以負責協(xié)調(diào)和服 務之間實現(xiàn)通信。所有的編輯器，設計器，項目類型和其他工具都是VS壓縮包存在。Visual Studio使用COM訪問VSPackaga在Visual Studio SDK中還包括了管理軟件包框架（MPF）,這是一套管理 的允許在寫的CLI兼容的語言的任何圍繞 COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供

6、所有的Visual Studio COM 功能。通過使用特定的VSPackage來支持的編程語言的服務，稱為語言服務。一個語言服務定義了各種 接口，而這些VSPackage實現(xiàn)包可以實現(xiàn)添加功能支持多種。功能性的方式，可以添加包括語法著色,語句完成，括號匹配，參數(shù)信息工具提示，成員名單和背景匯編的錯誤標記。如果接口完成，那么語 言就可以使用這些功能。語言服務要在每個語言的基礎實施。重用代碼的實現(xiàn)可以從語言解析器實現(xiàn)。語言服務可以在本機代碼或托管代碼實現(xiàn)。對于本機代碼，無論是本地COM接口或巴貝爾框架（部分Visual Studio SDK）都可以使用。對于托管代碼，MPF服務，包括托管語言編寫

7、包裝。Visual Studio不包括任何源頭控制內(nèi)建支援，但它定義了兩種可供選擇的源代碼控制系統(tǒng)的方法 可以用IDE集成。一個源代碼控制VSPackage可以提供自己的定制的用戶界面。與此相反，源代碼管 理插件使用MSSCCI（ Microsoft源代碼控制接口）提供了一個功能集的控制功能，用于落實各項源接 口，用標準的Visual Studio用戶界面。MSSCCI首次使用集成的 Visual SourceSafe 6.0,但后來在 Visual Studio SDK 中通過。Visual Studio.NET 2002 使用 MSSCCI 1.1，Visual Studio.NET 20

8、03 使用 MSSCCI 1.2。Visual Studio 2005、2008和2010使用MSSCCI 1.3版，增加了重命名和刪除的支持以及異步傳輸。Visual Studio支持運行（每一個都有它自己的一套VSPackage）多個實例的環(huán)境。這些實例使用不同的注冊表配置單元來存儲它們的配置狀態(tài)和區(qū)別他們的AppID （應用程序ID）。實例都是由一開始的AppID-Specific.exe文件選擇的 AppID，設置根并啟動IDE。一個AppID的登記VSPackage中集 成了其他的VSPackage。Visual Studio的各種產(chǎn)品版本，是使用不同的 AppID。在Visual

9、Studio速成 版產(chǎn)品都設有自己的Appids，但標準，專業(yè)和團隊套件產(chǎn)品共享相同的 AppID。因此，人們可以安裝 Exp ress版本并排側其他版本，不同的是其他版本更新相同的安裝。專業(yè)版包含標準版的超集 VSPackage和包括對其他版本中的團隊套件的VSPackage超集。AppID系統(tǒng)由Visual Studio 2008的Visual Studio Shell 影響。3特點3.1代碼編輯器Visual Studio，像任何其它的集成開發(fā)環(huán)境一樣，包括一個支持語法高亮和代碼自動完成的代碼 編輯器，不僅變量，函數(shù)和方法，就連語言，如結構循環(huán)和查詢都是使用智能感知的。在開發(fā)網(wǎng)站和Web

10、應用程序時，智能感知是由內(nèi)部語言支持的，當然XML、層疊樣式表和JavaScript也同樣支持。編 輯器中會自動彈出一個無模式列表框的代碼，覆蓋在上面。在Visual Studio 2008年起，它可暫時半透明地看到它阻礙了代碼。代碼編輯器是用于所有支持的語言。在Visual Studio代碼編輯器還支持設置快捷導航代碼書簽，其他助航設備包括折疊代碼塊和漸進 式搜索，還有正常的文本搜索與正則表達式（在計算機科學中，是指一個用來描述或者匹配一系列符 合某個句法規(guī)則的字符串的單個字符串。在很多文本編輯器或其他工具里，正則表達式通常被用來檢 索和/或替換那些符合某個模式的文本內(nèi)容）搜索。代碼編輯器還

11、包括一個多項目剪貼板和任務列表。 代碼編輯器支持代碼片段，它保存模板重復的代碼，也可以被插入到正在進行這項工作到的代碼和項 目自定義中。一個代碼片段管理工具也是這樣建立的。這些工具是在浮動窗口顯示，當這個窗口不被 使用或者停在屏幕一側時，可以將它設置成自動隱藏。在Visual Studio代碼編輯器也支持代碼重構包括參數(shù)重新排序，變量和方法的重命名，界面的提取和內(nèi)部成員屬性的封裝等等。Visual Studio提供了背景編譯（也稱為增量編譯）。正在寫的代碼時，Visual Studio編譯背景為了 強調(diào)它在提供反饋有關語法和編譯錯誤，這時標有紅色的波浪。警告標有綠色下劃線。背景編譯不生 成可執(zhí)

12、行代碼，因為它需要一個不同的編譯器而不是一個生成可執(zhí)行代碼的編譯器。背景資料匯編最 初是和Microsoft Visual Basic語言一起推出的，但現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)擴展到了所有內(nèi)部語言。3.2調(diào)試器Visual Studio包含一個調(diào)試器既可以作為一個源代碼級調(diào)試器工作，并作為機器級調(diào)試器工作。 它可工作在托管代碼以及本機代碼，可用Visual Studio支持的任何語言調(diào)試應用程序。此外，它也可以附加到正在運行的進程，監(jiān)測和調(diào)試這些進程。如果源代碼的運行過程是可用的，它就會顯示代碼 的運行。如果源代碼是不可用，它可以顯示反匯編。Visual Studio調(diào)試器還可以創(chuàng)建內(nèi)存轉儲以及負荷調(diào)試它們

13、。多線程程序也支持。調(diào)試器可以被配置為一個應用程序，運行在Visual Studio環(huán)境之外。調(diào)試器可以設置（允許執(zhí)行被暫時停止的位置）和監(jiān)視（用于監(jiān)視變量的值執(zhí)行進度）斷點。斷 點是有條件的，這意味著他們條件滿足時觸發(fā)。代碼可以加強，即一次只運行一條（源代碼）。它可以步進它里面的功能來調(diào)試，或者步過，即執(zhí)行機構的功能。也就是說，它允許代碼進行編輯，因為它 的調(diào)試只有32位，不支持64位。在調(diào)試時，如果鼠標指針徘徊在任何變量，其當前值顯示在工具提 示（數(shù)據(jù)提示”），如果需要的話，它也可以修改。在編碼時，Visual Studio調(diào)試器讓某些職能援引手動Immediate工具窗口。方法參數(shù)提供的

14、是在立即窗口。4設計Visual Studio包括一個可視化設計，以幫助開發(fā)主機的應用程序。這些工具包括:4.1 Windows窗體設計器Windows窗體設計器是用Windows窗體構建圖形用戶界面應用程序。它包括一個UI調(diào)色板部件和一些可以在窗體表面拖拽的控件（包括按鈕，進度條，標簽，布局容器和其他控制），布局可以通過控制其他容器的框架控件或鎖定到窗體的一面來改變。顯示數(shù)據(jù)的控件（如文本框，列表框，網(wǎng)格視 圖等）都可以綁定到數(shù)據(jù)源，如數(shù)據(jù)庫或查詢。UI是用一個事件驅動的編程模型與代碼關聯(lián)的。設計器會生成C#或VB.NET應用程序代碼。4.2 WPF設計WPF設計器，代號為Cider，用Vi

15、sual Studio 2008介紹。像Windows窗體設計器一樣它支持拖拽。 它是用來提交用戶界面對象的 Windows Presentation Foundation。它支持所有功能，包括 WPF的數(shù)據(jù) 綁定和自動布局管理。它為UI生成的XAML代碼。生成的XAML文件兼容微軟Expression設計，設 計者為導向的產(chǎn)品。XAML代碼是聯(lián)系在一起的代碼使用代碼隱藏模型。4.3網(wǎng)頁設計師/開發(fā)Visual Studio還包括一個網(wǎng)站編輯器，網(wǎng)頁設計器，允許被拖放部件。它是用于開發(fā)ASP.NET應用程序和支持 HTML , CSS和JavaScript。它使用代碼隱藏模型， 連接ASP.N

16、ET代碼。從Visual Studio 2008年起，設計器的布局引擎所使用的網(wǎng)絡共享與微軟的Expression Web。還有ASP.NET MVC支持MVC的下載技術。4.4類設計器類設計器是用UML建模來編寫和編輯類（包括其成員和他們的訪問）。類設計器可以生成 C #和VB.NET代碼。它也可以生成手寫類的類圖。4.5數(shù)據(jù)設計這些數(shù)據(jù)可以用來設計圖形編輯數(shù)據(jù)庫模式，包括類型的表，主鍵和外鍵和約束。它也可以用來 設計圖形視圖從查詢。4.6繪圖設計器從Visual Studio 2008年起，測繪設計器使用的LINQ到SQL來設計對應關系數(shù)據(jù)庫模式和類封裝 了數(shù)據(jù)。這種從ORM、ADO.NE

17、T實體框架新的解決方案，取代和提高了舊技術。Microsoft Visual Studio1 Microsoft Visual StudioMicrosoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment from Microsoft. It can be used to deve lop con sole and gra phical user in terface app licatio ns along with Win dows Forms app licati ons, web sites, web app licati

18、 ons, and web services in both n ative code together with man aged code for all p latforms supp orted by Microsoft Win dows, Win dows Mobile, Win dows CE, .NET Framework, .NET Com pactFrameworka nd Microsoft Silverlight.Visual Studio includes a code editor supporting IntelliSense as well as code ref

19、actoring. The in tegrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a mach in e-level debugger. Other built-i n tools include a forms designer for building GUI applications, web designer, class designer, and database schema desig ner. It acce pts pl ug-i ns that enhance the function ality a

20、t almost every level in clud ing add ing support for source-c on trol systems (like Subvers ion and Visual SourceSafe) and addi ng new toolsets like editors and visual designers for domain-specific Ianguages or toolsets for other aspects of the software deve lopment lifecycle (like the Team Foun dat

21、i on Server clie nt: Team ExpIo rer).Visual Studio supports differe nt p rogram ming Ian guages by means of Ian guage services, which allow the code editor and debugger to support (to vary ing degrees) n early any p rogram ming Ian guage, p rovided a Ianguage-specific service exists. Built-in Iangua

22、ges include C/C+ (via Visual C+), VB.NET (via Visual Basic .NET), C# (via Visual C#), and F# (as of Visual Studio 2010). Support for other Ianguages such as M, Pytho n, and Ruby among others is available via Ian guage services in stalled sep arately. It also supp orts XML/XSL T, HTML/XHTML, Java Scr

23、ip ta nd CSS. I ndividual Ian guage-s pecific versi ons of Visual Studio also exist which p rovide more limited Ian guage services to the user: Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#, and Visual C+.Microsoft p rovides Ex press editi ons of its Visual Studio 2010 components Visual Basic, Visual

24、 C#, Visual C+, and Visual Web Develo per at no cost. Visual Studio 2010, 2008 and 2005 P rofessio nal Editio ns, along with Ian guage-s pecific versions (Visual Basic, C+, C#, J#) of Visual Studio 2005 are available for free to stude nts as dow nl oads via Microsofts Dream Spark p rogram.2 Architec

25、tureVisual Studio does not support any p rogram ming Ian guage, soluti on or tool intrin sically. In stead, it allows plugging in various types of functionality. Specific functionality is coded as a VSPackage. When in stalled, the function ality is available as a Service. The IDE p rovides three ser

26、vices: SVsSoluti on, which provides the ability to enumerate projects and solutions; SVsUIShell, which provides windowing and UI functionality (including tabs, toolbars and tool windows); and SVsShell, which deals with registration of VSP ackages. In additi on, the IDE is also respon sible for coord

27、 in ati ng and en abli ng com muni cati on betwee n services. All editors, desig ners, p roject types and other tools are imp leme nted as VSP ackages. Visual Studio uses COM to access the VSP ackages. The Visual Studio SDK also in cludes the Man aged Package Framework (MPF), which is a set of man a

28、ged wrappers around the COM-i nterfaces that allow the Packages to be writte n in any CLI comp lia nt Ian guage. However, MPF does not p rovide all the fun cti on ality expo sed by the Visual Studio COM in terfaces. The services can the n be con sumed for creati on of other p ackages, which add fun

29、ctio nality to the Visual Studio IDE.Support for p rogram ming Ian guages is added by using a sp ecific VSP ackage called a Lan guage Service.A Ian guage service defi nes various in terfaces which the VSP ackage impI eme ntati on can impI eme nt to add support for various functionalities. Functional

30、ities that can be added this way include syntax coloring, statement compietion, brace matching, parameter information tooltips, member lists and error markers for backgro und comp ilati on. If the in terface is impi eme nted, the function ality will be available for the Ian guage.Lan guage services

31、are to be imp leme nted on a p er-la nguage basis. The impi eme ntati ons can reuse code from the parser or the compiler for the Ianguage. Language services can be implemented either in native code or man aged code. For n ative code, either the n ative COM in terfaces or the Babel Framework (part of

32、 Visual Studio SDK) can be used. For man aged code, the MPF in cludes wrappers for writi ng man agedIan guage services.Visual Studio does not in clude any source con trol support built in but it defi nes two alter native ways for source control systems can integrate with the IDE. A Source Control VS

33、Package can provide its own customised user in terface .In con trast, a source con trol pl ugi n using the MSSCCI (Microsoft Source CodeCon trol In terface) p rovides a set of functions that are used to impi eme nt various source con trol function ality, with a sta ndard Visual Studio user in terfac

34、e. MSSCCI was first used to in tegrate Visual SourceSafe with Visual Studio 6.0 but was later opened up via the Visual Studio SDK. Visual Studio .NET 2002 used MSSCCI 1.1, and Visual Studio .NET 2003 used MSSCCI 12 Visual Studio 2005, 2008 and 2010 use MSSCCIVersion 1.3, which adds support for ren a

35、me and delete prop agatio n as well as asynchronous opening.Visual Studio supports running multiple instances of the environment. The instances use different registry hives (see MSDNs definition of the term registryhive in the sense used here) to store their con figurati on state and are differe nti

36、ated by their Appid (App licatio n ID). The in sta nces are laun ched by an AppI d-s pecific .exe that selects the Appid, sets the root hive and laun ches the IDE. VSP ackages registered for one Appid are in tegrated with other VSP ackages for that Appid. The various p roduct editi ons of Visual Stu

37、dio are created using the differe nt AppI ds. The Visual Studio Exp ress editi on p roducts are in stalled with their own AppI ds, but the Stan dard, Professi onal and Team Suite p roducts share the same Appid. Con seque ntly, one can in stall the Exp ress editi ons side-by-side with other editi ons

38、, un like the other editi ons which up date the same in stallati on. The pro fessi onal editi on in cludes a sup erset of the VSP ackages in the sta ndard editi on and the team suite in cludes a sup erset of the VSP ackages in both other editi ons. The Appid system is leveraged by the Visual Studio

39、Shell in Visual Studio 2008.3 Features3.1 Code editorVisual Studio, like any other IDE, includes a code editor that supports syntax highlighting and code comp leti on using In telliSe nse for not only variables, functions and methods but also Ian guage con structs like loops and queries. IntelliSens

40、e is supported for the included Ianguages, as well as for XML and for Cascadi ng Style Sheets and JavaScri pt whendeve loping web sites and web app licati ons. Autoco mpl ete suggesti ons are popped up in a modeless list box, overlaid on top of the code editor. I n Visual Studio 2008 on wards, it ca

41、n be made tempo rarily semi-tra nsparent to see the code obstructed by it. The code editor is used for all supp orted Ian guages.The Visual Studio code editor also supports setting bookmarks in code for quick navigation. Other n avigati onal aids in clude colla psing code blocks an din creme ntal se

42、arch, in additi on to no rmal text search and regex search. The code editor also in cludes a multi-item cli pboard and a task list. The code editor supp orts code snipp ets, which are saved temp lates for rep etitive code and can be in serted into code and customized for the p roject being worked on

43、. A man ageme nt tool for code snipp ets is built i n as well. These tools are surfaced as floati ng win dows which can be set to automatically hide whe n unu sed or docked to the side of the scree n. The Visual Studio code editor also supports code refactoring including parameter reordering, variab

44、le and method renaming ,in terface extractio n and encap sulati on of class members in side prop erties, among others.Visual Studio features backgro und comp ilati on (also called in creme ntal comp ilati on). As code is being written, Visual Studio compiles it in the background in order to provide

45、feedback about syntax and comp ilati on errors, which are flagged with a red wavy un derl ine. Warnings are marked with a gree n un derl ine. Backgro und comp ilati on does not gen erate executable code, since it requires a differe nt comp iler tha n the one used to gen erate executable code. Backgr

46、o und comp ilati on was in itially in troduced with Microsoft Visual Basic but has now bee n expan ded for all in cluded Ian guages.3.2 DebuggerVisual Studio in cludes a debugger that works both as a source-level debugger and as a mach in e-level debugger. It works with both man aged code as well as

47、 n ative code and can be used for debuggi ng app licati ons writte n in any Ian guage supported by Visual Studio .In additi on, it can also attach to running pro cesses and mon itor and debug those pro cesses. If source code for the running pro cess is available, it dis pl ays the code as it is bein

48、g run. If source code is not available, it can show the disassembly. The Visual Studio debugger can also create memory dumps as well as load them later for debugging. Multi-threaded programs are also suppo rted. The debugger can be con figured to be laun ched whe n an app licati on running outside t

49、he Visual Studio environment crashes.The debugger allows sett ing break points (which allow executi on to be stopped tempo rarily at a certa in p ositi on) and watches (which mon itor the values of variables as the executi on p rogresses). Break points can be con diti on al, meaning they get trigger

50、ed whe n the con diti on is met. Code can be ste pped over, i.e., run one line (of source code) at a time. It can either ste p into fun cti ons to debug in side it, or ste p over it, i.e., the executi on of the fun cti on body isnt available for manual inspection. The debugger supp orts Edit and Con

51、tinu e, i.e., it allows code to be edited as it is being debugged.When debugging, if the mouse pointer hovers over any variable, its curre nt value is dis played in a toolt ip (data toolt ip s), where it can also be modified if desired.During coding, the Visual Studio debugger lets certain functions

52、 be invoked manually from the Immediate tool win dow. The p arameters to the method are supp lied at the Immediate win dow.4 Desig nerVisual Studio in eludes a host of visual desig ners to aid in the deve lopment of app licati ons. These toolsin elude:4.1 Win dows Forms Desig nerThe Windows Forms de

53、signer is used to build GUI applications using Windows Forms. It includes a palette of UI widgets and controls (including buttons, progress bars, labels, layout containers and other con trols) that can be dragged and dropped on a form surface. Layout can be con trolled by hous ing the con trols in s

54、ide other containers or lock ing them to the side of the form. Con trols that dis play data (like textbox, list box, grid view, etc.) can be bound to data sources like databases or queries.The UI is linked with code using an eve nt-drive n p rogram ming model. The desig ner gen erates either C# orVB.NET code for the app licati on.4.2 WPF Desig nerbinding and automatic layoutis comp atible with MicrosoftThe WPF desig ner, code named Cider, was i