2021英譯漢指導(dǎo)：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯練習(xí)八

1、英譯漢指導(dǎo)：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯練習(xí)八最牛英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)模式：躺在家里練口語(yǔ)，全程外教一對(duì)一，三個(gè)月暢談無(wú)阻！洛基英語(yǔ)，免費(fèi)體驗(yàn)全部在線一對(duì)一課程：/doc/091a07037375a417866f8f5e.html/ielts/xd.html（報(bào)名網(wǎng)址）練習(xí)八Directions: Read the underlined sentences carefully, and then translate them into Chinese. You may check your answers after you finish them.Passage

2、 OneAs is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to adopt a new w

3、age and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.In job evaluation, all of the requireme

4、nts of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, thei

5、r responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare th

6、e value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labour supply.It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the

7、 work done with the hands, monetary（金錢的）encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.Passage TwoI came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the

8、 country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveller in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the i

9、nhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets i

10、n the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing upat a supermarket. And the shopkeeper knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will del

11、iver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金者）who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more wealthy customers telephone their shopping l

12、ists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity（商品）outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them.The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory becau

13、se a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individual can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions（大批，許多）of industry or commerce.Passage ThreeErnest Hemingway was born in a prosperous Chicago suburb, Oak Park, Illinois. His father was a highly-

14、respected physician, and unusually keen amateur naturalist devoted to hunting and fishing. He actually taught his precocious (早熟的) son Ernest to handle a fishing line at three and a half and a gun not long thereafter. From the time the boy was six he proudly accompanied his father on vacations in th

15、e North Michigan woods, leaving an older sister, three younger ones and a baby brother at home with mother. Grace Hall Hemingway was, like her husband, a Christian, but they had few other tastes in common. She was determined that her oldest son, who had perfect pitch -both his hearing and sense of s

16、mell were extraordinary sharp all his life although his eyesight was poor-should become a musician. Much of the lifelong opposition he felt toward his mother expressed itself in anger at her having kept him out of school a whole year in an unsuccessful attempt to force concentrated study of the cell

17、o (大提琴).Ernest shared his fathers love of the outdoors, greatly admired his skills and enjoyed his company, but was unhappily conscious that Dr. Hemingway was never really dared oppose his wife. A bitter short story, The Doctor and His Wife, gives a picture of their relationship and their sons react

18、ion to it at an early age. In his late novel the hero, Robert Jordan, thinks sadly that his father was really a coward who finally proved his cowardice（怯懦）by committing suicide. (Dr.Hemingway, ill and aging, had shot himself some twelve years before the novel was written.) Passage FourWhen Christoph

19、er Columbus landed in the New World, the North American continent was an area of astonishing ethnic（種族的）and cultural diversity（差異）. North of the Rio Grande, which now marks the border between the United States and Mexico, was a population of over 12 million people representing approximately 400 dist

20、inct cultures, 500 languages and a remarkable variety of political and religious institutions and physical and ethnic types. Compared to the Europeans, the Indian peoples were extraordinarily heterogeneous (異族的), and they often viewed the Europeans as just another tribe.These varied tribal cultures were as diversified as the land the Indians inhabited. In the high plains of the Dakotas, the Mandan developed a peaceful society centered around agriculture. Only a few hundred miles away, however, in northwestern Montana, the Blackfeet turned