英語句子分類講解與專項練習(xí)

1、.句子The Sentences知識要點(diǎn)：句子按使用的目的可分為四類：1、陳述句2、疑問句3、祈使句4、感嘆句從結(jié)構(gòu)上看句子可分為三種類型：1、簡單句2、并列句3、復(fù)合句一、句子的種類（Kinds of Sentences）1、陳述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我們熱愛祖國。（2）否定句：They dont go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。說明：敘述或否定一個事實或看法。2、疑問句：（1）一般疑問句：Are you a worker? 你是個工人嗎？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。Havent you seen the

2、film? No, I havent. 你沒看過這部電影嗎？沒看過。說明：以一個助動詞，情態(tài)動詞或動詞be開始的問句?；卮鹨脃es或no。（2）特殊疑問句：Who is the man? 這人是誰？When do you watch TV? 你什么時間看電視？What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么？說明：以一個疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語序（或稱為疑問詞加一般疑問句）（3）選擇疑問句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。Does he learn Japanese o

3、r French? He learns French. 他學(xué)日語還是學(xué)法語？他學(xué)法語。說明：提出兩個或兩個以上的情況，選擇一個作為答案。（4）反意疑問句：They are going to the airport, arent they? 他們要去機(jī)場，是嗎？You havent finished your homework, have you? 你沒做完作業(yè)，是嗎？說明：提出情況或看法問對方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個簡短的疑問句，即前面句子肯定，后為否定；前面句子否定，后為肯定。He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺？是嗎？He

4、knows little Russian, does he? 他幾乎不懂俄語，是嗎？說明：當(dāng)陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時，附加問句用肯定形式。3.祈使句：a陳述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八點(diǎn)鐘一定要到那兒。b否定句：Dont worry. Ill help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會幫助你的。說明：表示命令，請求，叮囑，號召等，謂語動詞用原形。4.感嘆句：感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主

5、要有以下幾種： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感嘆句的重點(diǎn)。 How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 陳述語序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛頭真可愛！ What +名詞+陳述語序。例如：What noise they are making! 他們真吵！ What +a/an+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we hav

6、e）! 我們的主意真棒！ What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！ What a clever boy he is!的省略形式為：What a clever boy!what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化?。hat a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！Ho

7、w time flies! 時間過得多么快呀！How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子?。≌f明：表示說話時驚異，喜悅，氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。二、句子的類型（Types of Sentences）1、簡單句的句子的類型：一個主語+一個謂語，例：The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天彈鋼琴。兩個主語+一個謂語，例：Tom and I are good friends. 湯姆和我是好朋友。一個主語+兩個謂語

8、，例：He opened the door and left. 他打開門出去了。兩個主語或兩個謂語或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫婦去市場，買了些水果，并看望了朋友。結(jié)構(gòu)特殊：只含有一個詞或一個詞組，例：Hello! 喂！Help! Help! 救命?。【让?！Many thanks. 萬分感謝。2、簡單句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語+不及物動詞：S + Vi.，例：Birds fly.

9、 鳥飛They disappeared. 他們消失了。（2）主 + 連系動詞 + 表語：S + V + P，例：She is a university student. 她是一名大學(xué)生。He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。（3）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語：S + Vt + O，例：He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳。We help each other. 我們互相幫助。（4）主 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語：S + Vt + O + O，例：I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。They

10、 sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報。（5）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 補(bǔ)語：S + Vt + O + C，例：They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。注：S = Subject（主語）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物動詞）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物動詞）P=Predicative（表語）O=Object（賓語）C=Complement補(bǔ)語重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：否定陳述句要注意下列幾點(diǎn)：（1）否定陳述

11、句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 構(gòu)成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意義的副詞也可構(gòu)成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。（2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于肯定式，但含有否定意義的詞，可分以下幾種。否定的主語：Nobody will agree with you. 沒人同意你的意見。None of the students like the novel. 沒有學(xué)生喜歡這本小說。No student here studies Russian. 這里沒有一個

12、學(xué)生學(xué)俄語。否定的賓語：We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我們什么都看不見。He will borrow the book from nobody. 他從誰那都借不來這本書。You must remember not to be late for class. 你必須記住上課不準(zhǔn)遲到。否定的狀語：They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是騎車來的而是走著來的。We could find him nowhere. 我們什么地方也找不到他。（3）不定代詞all, both, everyone或everybody用于否

13、定句時，表示部分否定。All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )這里的樹并非都是蘋果樹。（有的是蘋果樹，有的不是。）Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)這姐兒倆并不都是護(hù)士。Everybody cant do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )并不是人人都能做這件事?！緦ｍ椨?xùn)練】：一、陳述句和疑問句：1、Theyhappy

14、 when they hear the news. AwillBwill beCwereDdont2、 “ Is your uncle a driver?” “.” ANo, but my aunt isBYes, but my anut isCNo, he doesntDYes, he does3、Wesatisfied with their work.AdontBare notCwontDwerent being4、Hecoffee at all. Hetea.Adoesnt like, prefersBlikes, doesnt preferCwould like, not prefer

15、sDprefers, is not fond of5、Sheme only twice since last year.AseesBwas seeingChas seenDhave seen6、My grandmain the country. Now shein the city.Aused to live, livesBused to living, livedCuses to live, is livingDwas used to live, lives7、Youmake such mistakes again.Ashould neverBshould not alwaysCwould

16、always notDwould not forever8、 “Can you drive a car?” “.”AYes, and Jim cant tooBYes, but Jim cantCNo, but Jim can, tooDNo, but Jim cant9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .”AI cycle thereBI walk thereCto the workDIve already been there10、In England teawith milk or sugar in it.Ausually drin

17、ksBis usually drunkCusually is drunkDdrank usually11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .”Ashe doesntBshe goes by bikeCto the shopsDshes on the bike12、Tomlike reading at all. Heinterested in playing basketball.Adoesnt, isBdoesnt, wereCis, doesDwas, is13、Whenhome from work?Ado your parents come

18、Bdoes your parents comeChave your parentsDour parents come14、Which of the studentsthe examination?Anot passBdidnt passCpassDdidnt passed15、Theytrouble lifting the heavy box.Adidnt have manyBhadnt a lot ofCdidnt have muchDhavent a great deal of16、 “Did you have breakfast this morning? “.”AYes, I hadB

19、Yes, I didCNo, I hadntDNo, I didnt have.17、colour is the cover of the dictionary?AWhatBWhichCHowDWhose18、 “does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”AWhat timeBHow longCWhenDHow many times19、There are many pictures on the wall.do you like best?AWhatBWhich oneCWhich of the pictureDWhich one picture20、S

20、ince whenher?Adid you knowBhave you knownCdo you knowDyou know21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “.”AYes, it isBYes, it belongsCNo it doesntDNo, it isnt22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “.”AId rather come backBYes, Id rather not waitCNo, Id rather waitDto come back23、 “shoes do y

21、ou take?” “Size 42.”AWhich numberBWhat numberCWhat sizeDWhat 24、 “is the weather like today?” “ Its windy.”AWhatBHowCWhat kindDWhich25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ?Aif haveBif anyCif everDif not26、is the distance between these two villages?AHow farBWhatCHow longDHow much2

22、7、do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.AHow many timeBHow muchCHow longDHow often28、Howit in English?Ayou sayBdo you speakCdo you sayDto speak29、is the population of the city?AHow muchBHow manyCHowDWhat30、did she get this information?AWhomBWhoCWhereDWhat31、does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.AH

23、ow manyBWhat priceCWhatDHow expensive32、Aboutdo you want to know more?AWhomBwhoCwhichDwhat33、We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you supposeto her.Awas happeningBto happenChas happenedDhaving happened34、Have you heard the news about Jim?No. What?Ais itBit isCare theyDthey are35、Would y

24、ou rather go there by train or by air? .AYes, I wouldBNo, I wouldntCYes, by airDBy air36、I go oryou go yourself?AWillwillBShallshallCShallwillDWillshall37、Do you think the question easy or not? .AYes, I doBNo, I dontCIt is easyDYes, its easy38、Shall we stay at home orto the park?Ato goBgoingCgoDwill

25、 go39、writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?AWhicheverBWhetherCWhatDWhich40、was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?It was open to traffic in 1968.AWhatBWhat timeCHow longDWhen二、感嘆句、祈使句41、from Beijing to London!AHow long way it isBWhat a long way it isCWhat a long

26、way is itDHow long a way is it42、Oh, John, you gave us!AHow a pleasant surpriseBHow pleasant surpriseCWhat a pleasant surpriseDWhat pleasant surprise43、terrible weather weve been having these days!AHow aBWhat aCHowDWhat44、girl she is!AWhat bright aBHow a brightCHow bright anDWhat a bright45、we have

27、today?AHow fine dayBWhat fine dayCHow a fine dayDWhat a fine day46、Howflowers are!AbeautifulBbeautifullyCbeautiful theDbeautiful that47、How!Adoes time flyBtimes flyCtime fliesDflies time48、Whatwork he does!AharderBhardChardlyDhardest49、careful our monitor is!AHow aBHowCWhat aDWhat50、advice he gave u

28、s!AWhat aBHow goodCWhat goodDHow51、picture it is!AWhat wonderfulBHow a wonderfulCWhat wonderful aDHow wonderful a52、I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!AHow doBWhat doCWhatDHow53、hardworking students they are!AWhatBWhat aCWhat anDHow54、long time it lasted!AWhatBWhat aCHowDHow a55、down the radio. The b

29、abys sleeping in the next room.ATurningBTo turnCTurnDTurned56、Letsfootball in the street.Anot to playBnot playCdont playDnot playing57、careful when you cross the street.ADont beBDo beCBeingDDo58、the childall day long!ALet, not to cryBNot let, cryCDont let, to cryDDont let, cry59、afraid of make mista

30、kes!ADont beBNot to beCNot beingDBe not60、me again before coming.ACallingBTo callCDo callingDCall三、反意疑問句61、Youd like some coffee, ?Awerent youBwouldnt youChadnt youDshouldnt you62、I dont think he will come to the meeting, ?Awill heBwont heCdo IDam I63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .

31、Ado theyBdont theyCdid theyDdidnt they64、His father knows little about it, he?AdoesBdoesntCis heDisnt65、We all like reading story books, ?Ado weBdo youCdont weDdont you66、My sister seldom goes to the theatreshe?AdoesntBdoesCisDisnt67、Your fatherpromised to buy a computer for you, he?Aoften, didBneve

32、r, didntCalready, didDnever, did68、Be sure to write to us, ?Awill youBarent youCwould youDcan you69、Dont smoke in the meeting room, you?Ado youBwill youCwouldDcan70、Its fine today. Lets go fishing, ? Awill weBshall weCdo weDdont we71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she?AhasBdontCdoesntDhasnt72、There i

33、s a beautiful lake in this city, ?Aisnt itBisnt thereCis itDhasnt it73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ?Ais itBisnt thereCisnt itDis there74、He comes late sometimes, ?Aisnt heBcomes heCdoesnt heDis he75、You are not a new comer, are you?. I came here only yesterday.ANo, I amBYes, I amCNo, Im not

34、DYes, Im not.76、She could hardly believe it,?Acouldnt sheBcould sheCdidnt sheDdid she77、You neednt go, ?Acan youBmust youCneed youDmay you78、You must work hard from now on, ?Acan youBwont youCmustnt youDneednt you79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you?AwereBhave ChaventDmustnt

35、80、He must have left home yesterday, he?AhasntBdidntCmustntDneednt81、You dont think Im going out in such wet weather, ?Aam IBdo youCdont youDdo I82、Youd better call in a doctor for your mother, you?AhadBwouldChadntDwouldnt83、You need to come earlier, you?Adont youBneedntCdontDwont84、You dare not go

36、alone, you?AdontBdoCdareDdarent85、He shouldnt drink so much, he?AshouldBoughtCwouldDwill86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ?Acan weBcant weCcant itDcan it87、Im late for the meeting, ?Aamnt IBarent ICdont IDarent you88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ?Adoes heBdoesnt heCdo theyDdont they89、None of the workers attended the party, ?Adid theyBdid heCdidnt heDdidnt they90、Everything is right here, ?Aisnt itBarent t