初中英語非謂語動詞1動名詞動詞不定式講解_練習

1、非謂語動詞一、 考點、熱點回顧【詞匯辨析】 finally, at last, in the end與at the end offinally: 通常在列舉事物或論點時，將它放在句首以引出最后一項內容，還可用在句中動詞的前面，表示“等了很久才.”，但感情色彩不強 They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided not to go.We finally arrived in Chengdu. at last: 常用來表示經(jīng)過一番努力或曲折之后的結果。也可以用來表示“等候或耽誤了很長時間之后才.”，感情色彩強烈 My brother we

2、nt to college at last. 我弟弟終于上大學了。She came at last. 她總算來了。in the end: 表示經(jīng)過許多變化、困難和捉摸不定的情況以后某事才發(fā)生。In the end we found the house. 最后我們找到了這座房屋。They won in the end. 最后他們贏了。at the end of : 既可以表示時間，也可以表示空間。表示時間時意為“在.末尾”，常指過去或將來的時間點，用于一般過去時或一般將來時表示空間時of后接名詞，表示“在.的盡頭” At the end of the meeting, Li Ming sang

3、a song. 會議結束時，李明唱了一首歌。There is a post office at the end of the street. 街道的盡頭有個郵局。【非謂語動詞】 構成：（to）+動詞原形 動詞不定式非 在句中的作用（除謂語動詞外的任何成分）謂 構成：V.-ing 語 動名詞動 用法（主、賓、表、定）詞 構成：V. -ing / V.-ed（規(guī)則變化） 分詞 用法（表、補、定、狀）（一）動名詞一、動名詞的構成：動名詞一般由“動詞原形+ing”構成 二、動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對你的健康有

4、害。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 動詞賓語 介詞賓語I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作。表語His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉化成作主語。定語She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應該改進教學

5、方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們初中階段常見的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（習慣于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。 完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（k

6、eep on, be used to, give up） 考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）動詞不定式1、 動詞不定時的構成不定時的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to 是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動詞原形。2、 動詞不定式的句法功能功能說明主語To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。

7、作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉換作為主語。賓語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運動？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我媽媽讓

8、我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。定語Have you got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。1. 不定式作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結構為：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+動詞不定式如：To lear

9、n English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2. 不定式作賓語 有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希

10、望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ 在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/woul

11、d/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里。3. 不定式作賓語補足語 不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他關小收音機。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵我學日語。 注意：還有一些使一、動名詞的構成：動名詞一般由

12、“動詞原形+ing”構成 二、動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對你的健康有害。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語 動詞賓語 介詞賓語I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作。表語His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉化成作主語。

13、定語She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應該改進教學方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們初中階段常見的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（習慣于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest,

14、 cant help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。 完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up） 考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）動詞不定式3、 動詞不定時的構成不定時的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to 是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動詞原形。4、 動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語To s

15、peak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉換作為主語。賓語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運動？He likes to play basketba

16、ll.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。定語Have you got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。4.

17、 不定式作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結構為：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+動詞不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 Its very c

18、lever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明啦。5. 不定式作賓語 有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ 在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常見的一些不帶to

19、的動詞不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里。6. 不定式作賓語補足語 不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他關小收音機。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語

20、補足語。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵我學日語。 注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。7. 不定式作定語 不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后

21、。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。 如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么可擔心的。8. 不定式常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學生們做什么。 He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。二、 典型例題 ( )1. Toms mother told him _ eating too muc

22、h meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after

23、drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。9. 不定式作定語 不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后

24、。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。 如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么可擔心的。10. 不定式常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學生們做什么。 He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。三、 典型例題 ( )1. Toms mother told him _ eating too mu

25、ch meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after

26、 drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _to your studies with

27、 more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Be

28、ing；to be D: To be；to be( )9.Dont forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont. A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What about _a rest? OK. Lets go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know _it in my small

29、 house. Youre supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _what was wrong with him. A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see( )13. May

30、 I have a rest? I have already finished _the report. A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.I feel a bit hungry now. Why not _for dinner with us? A: go B: did you go C: to go D: do you go四、 課后練習( )1. Granny often tells us _water in our daily life. A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves( )2.

31、 Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email. A: write B: to write C: writing D: wrote( )3.We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. Really? Will you please show me _it? A: how to use B: what to use C: how can I use D: what can I use( )4.Wheres your brother now，Bob?

32、 I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. A: playing；dont do so B: playing；not to do so C: play；to do so ( )5. As teenagers, were old enough _with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A: to help B: helping C: helped( )6. Nancy is really a har

33、d-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom. A: read B: to read C: reads( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compositions three times a week. A: write B: to write C: written D: writing( )8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cry B: to cry

34、; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry( )9. Youd better _ too much time playing computer games. A: dont spend B: not to spend C: to not spend D: not spend( )10. More and more young people are trying to do something _the old. A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves( )11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking( )