初中被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、被動語態(tài)一、概念：語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態(tài)。二、主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞牟襟E：1.把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z2.把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e +過去分詞， 并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。3.原主動句的主語如需要則放在by 后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。4.其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。三、被動語態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： is / a

2、m / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞A new shop was built last year.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.Many man -made satellites have been sent up into s

3、pace by many countries.4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework

4、can be handed in tomorrow.6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)： to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to 的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to 。 例： make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do somethings

5、ee somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The littlemadeboy towasdo heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，可以使用直接賓語也可以使用間接賓語作被動語態(tài)句子的

6、主語。使用直接賓語(物 )作主語時，要在動詞后加上介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.第 1 頁5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We cant laugh at him.He can

7、t be laughed at by us.He listens to the radio every day.The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動詞）：appear, die(死亡 ),disappear（消失） , end (vi.結(jié)束 ), fail, happen, last, lie, r

8、emain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.如： After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen 是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。(錯 )The price has been risen.(對 ) The price has risen.(錯 ) The accident was happened last week.(對 ) The a

9、ccident happened last week.(錯 ) The price has raised.(對 ) The price has been raised.(錯 ) Please seat.(對 ) Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2) 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch ， agree with, arrive at / in

10、, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to如： This key just fits the lock.被動語態(tài)練習(xí)一、選擇題()1._ a newlibrary_in ourschoollastyear?A. Is;builtB. Was;bulit C. Does;buildD. Did;build()2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC.

11、 is happenedD. happened()3.Cotton_inthesoutheast ofChina.A. isgrownB. are grownC. growsD. grow()4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. isvisitedB.willbe visitedC. has been visitedD. wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinese history_ in the school hallnextweek.A. is givenB. has beengivenC. willbe givenD. gives()6

12、.How manytrees _this year?A. are plantedB. willplantC. have been plantedD.planted()7. A lot of things _bypeople to save the littlegirlnow.A.are doingB. are beingdoneC. has been doneD. willbe done()8.Neither of them _ in China.A. ismadeB. are madeC. were madeD. made()9.Look!A nice picture_ forour tea

13、cher.A. isdrawingB. isbeing drawnC. has been drawnD.draws()10. Yourshoes _. You need a new pair.A. wearoutB. worn outC. are wornoutD. is worn第 2 頁()11.Thedoctor _for yet.A.isnt sentB.hasnt been sentC. wont be sentD. wasntsent()12.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Lastyear.A. did; useB. was;usedC. is

14、;usedD. are; used()13. The Great Wall _ all overthe world.A. knowsB.knewC. is knownD. wasknown()14.I _ insummer.A. bornB.was bornC. have been bornD. am born()15.Hesays thatMrZhang_to thefactorynextweek.A. issentB. wouldsendC. was sentD. willbesent()16.Who_thisbook_?A. did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC. di

15、d; writtenD. was;written()17.Mary_ show me her newdictionary.A. has asked toB.wasasked toC.is asked D.asks to()18.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. wastoldusB. was toldtousC. is toldusD. toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen _offthe tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. tojump()20.The school bag _ behind the chair.A

16、. putsB. canbe putC. can be puttedD. canput()21.Olderpeople_ well.A.looksafterB. mustbelookedafterC. mustlookafterD. looked after()22.Ourteacher _carefully.A. shouldbelistenedtoB. shouldbe listenC. belistenedD. islistened二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1.We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two d

17、ays.2.Theyproducesilk inSuzhou.Silk _ inSuzhou.3.Thechildrenwillsing an Englishsong.AnEnglishsong _ _ _ by the children.4.Youneednt doitnow.It_ byyounow.5.Lucysent me aNewYear Cardlast week.ANew Year Card _ _ _ her byme last week.6.People use metal for making machines.Metal_formakingmachines.7.Hemad

18、e me dothatforhim.I_ _ thatforhim.8.Ihave giventhis book to the library.This book _ _ to the library.9.Did they builda bridgehere ayear ago?_a bridge _here bythema year ago?10.Wellput onan Englishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay _ _ _ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy color TVsets.Color TVs

19、ets _ _ more and morefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmends his watch.Hiswatch_ _ by my brother.13.We must water the flowerseveryday.Theflowersmust _ _ (by us) every day.14.Theyuse knivesforcuttingthings.Knives_ _forcuttingthings.15.He made the farmers workfora longtime.Thefarmers_ _ _ _ for a long time.16.

20、Didhe break the windowyesterday?_ the window_ _ _yesterday?17.They have sold out thelight green dresses.The lightgreen dresses _ _out.18.Weclean the classroomevery day.Theclassroom _every day.19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth. 20.You can dig a hole in th

21、e earth. A Hole _ _ _ in the earth.第 3 頁三、用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1. The students _ often _(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of?