專四歷年翻譯題.doc

1、專四歷年翻譯題1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 參考譯文 美國的經(jīng)濟是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導向經(jīng)濟為架構的

2、，在這種經(jīng)濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什么應該被制造出來。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced an

3、d how resources are used to produce it. 參考譯文 因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will l

4、ower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 參考譯文 另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消 費者購買產(chǎn)品。 4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right

5、to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 參考譯文 在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產(chǎn)品價格和與另一個私人個體(經(jīng)濟單位) 自由簽定合同的權利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing per

6、sonnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. 參考譯文 同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計算機)也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權的顧客。 6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and

7、electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 參考譯文 不計其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。 7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these childre

8、n to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. 參考譯文 殘疾兒童在許多關鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。 8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our societ

9、y that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 參考譯文 在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機會。 9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establi

10、shing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 參考譯文 它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的國內(nèi)市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。 10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promo

11、te a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 參考譯文 除去議會有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。 11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the c

12、olor of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention. 參考譯文 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節(jié)都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人 會關注它。 12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who

13、learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts. 參考譯文 得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一 一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。 13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the

14、informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. 參考譯文 隨著家庭離開他們原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。 14. The individual now has more information available than any gen

15、eration, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. 參考譯文 現(xiàn)在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他她的特定問題相關的那一點信息的任務不僅復雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招 。 15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing

16、, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. 參考譯文 通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。 16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against

17、the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. 參考譯文 現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。 17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and othe

18、r qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 參考譯文 在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng) 驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的商品和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相互關聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。 18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting org

19、anization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. 參考譯文 英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。 19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the

20、 BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 參考譯文 這場辯論是由政府發(fā)動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一來說說這個公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認為這個公司值得被保留下來。 20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by

21、 engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 參考譯文 這種變化通過引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應了這個新時代的技術要求， 并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代人(領導公司)的時候，經(jīng)常會毀掉那些家

22、族公司的財富。 21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the

23、 responsible management of business. 參考譯文 這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他 們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負責任的管理毫無關系。 22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to t

24、he rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management. 參考譯文 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的舒 適階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。 23. The shareholders as such had no kn

25、owledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. 參考譯文 這樣的股東對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系都不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。 24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct

26、 relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. 參考譯文 代表公司的花錢雇來的經(jīng)理與工人及其需求的關系更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那

27、種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關系。 25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, spatial thinking about th

28、ings technological. 參考譯文 在許多形成因素當中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優(yōu)秀的小學教育：歡 迎新技術的勞動者們：獎勵發(fā)明者的做法；而且最重要的是美國人在對 那些技術性事物的非言語的、空間性的思考方面的天賦。26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonve

29、rbal process.The designer and the inventor., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. 參考譯文 正如尤金弗格森所指出的那樣：一個技術專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、 非語言表述的過程宋處理的設計者和發(fā)明者能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。 27. Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit down

30、 among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. 參考譯文 羅伯特法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到：一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、 輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了-種新 的思想。 28. In

31、 the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. 參考譯文 在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍

32、了一頓。他描述了他 們的活動和戰(zhàn)術，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。 29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. 參考譯文 在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂

33、芬杰伊古爾德寫道：這本書本 身就代表理性。而它確實是這樣的-而且如果理性成為神造論地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標準的話，一切就都好辦了。 30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to d

34、ie. 參考譯文 經(jīng)過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當局。31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

35、參考譯文 一些機構終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構，包括教堂，倡導生命之 權的團體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學協(xié)會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。 32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. 參考

36、譯文 在澳大利亞-人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術和變化看的社會態(tài)度，這 些因素都在發(fā)揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關于安樂死的法律。 33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. 參考譯文 當然，例外是存在的。在美國，心胸狹窄的官員

37、，粗魯?shù)膫髡?，和沒有 禮貌的出租車司機也并不少見。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見，這使得它值得被討論一下。 34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. 參考譯文 我們生活在一種藥品(毒品)的醫(yī)學用途和社

38、會用途都很廣泛的社會里： 一片用來止頭痛的阿斯匹林，一些用來社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用來定神的香煙。 35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. 參考譯文 對藥品

39、的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產(chǎn)生想得到的效果所 需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然后表現(xiàn)為當停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥癥狀的出現(xiàn)。 36. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? 參考譯文 上星期參議員羅博特多爾質(zhì)

40、問時代華納公司的高級管理人員們：難道這 就是你們希望能夠成就的事業(yè)?你們已經(jīng)出賣了自己的靈魂，但是難道你們還非要腐化我們的國家，威脅我們的孩子們嗎? 37. The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however

41、disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. 參考譯文 對任何一個民主社會的考驗，他在華爾街雜志的一個專欄文章中 寫到，不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見的表達，而在于這個社會是否能給予思考和表達的盡可能廣泛的自由，不管有時候這種結果是多么的富有爭議或令人不快 38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societ

42、ys ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 參考譯文 在-上個月的股東大會上關于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說：音樂不是 社會問題的原因，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個教師，并用說唱音樂與學生們進行溝通。 39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft l

43、anding of a touch on the brakes , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 參考譯文 有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如輕踩剎車以操縱經(jīng)濟軟著 陸，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學。沒有什么比這更遠離實際情況的了。 40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, si

44、nce, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack. 參考譯文 經(jīng)濟學家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因為傳 統(tǒng)的計量方法顯示兩國的經(jīng)濟，特別是美國的經(jīng)濟，幾乎沒有生產(chǎn)蕭條的時候。 41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful struct

45、ural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 參考譯文 很不幸，這最令人震驚的解釋有一點缺陷。一些經(jīng)濟學家認為世界經(jīng)濟 結構的強有力的變化已經(jīng)結束了那個以經(jīng)濟增長和通貨膨脹的歷史關聯(lián)為基礎的舊的經(jīng)濟模式。 42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fe

46、rtile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. 參考譯文 例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前 所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥-這些換到的就是這么個疾病滋生的水庫，現(xiàn)在這個水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。 43. New ways of organizing the workplace-all that re-engineering and

47、 downsizing-are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training, 參考譯文 企業(yè)重組的新方法-所有那些重新設計、縮小規(guī)模的做法-只是對一個經(jīng)濟的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一方面的貢獻。這種經(jīng)濟還受許多其他因素的驅(qū)動，

48、比如結合設備和機械上的投資、新技術，以及在教育和培訓 上的投資。 44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. 參考譯文 他的同事邁克爾?比爾說，有太多的公司已經(jīng)用一種機械的方式實行公 司內(nèi)部的重新設計，在沒有充分考慮長期贏利的能力下削減了成本。 45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as The Flight from Science and Reason , held in New York City in 1995, and Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo. 參考譯文 科學衛(wèi)士們在會議上也表述了他們的關注，比如1995年在紐約市舉行的 逃離科學與理性會議，以及去年6月在布法羅附近召開的