[TRIZ發(fā)明問題解決理論]沖突解決原理

1、每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 沖突解決原理沖突解決原理 講師：王學(xué)軍講師：王學(xué)軍 課時(shí)：課時(shí)：6060分鐘分鐘 目標(biāo)：使大家了解沖突解決的過程。目標(biāo)：使大家了解沖突解決的過程。 第五講第五講 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 沖突解決原理概述沖突解決原理概述 技術(shù)沖突解決原理技術(shù)沖突解決原理 物理沖突解決原理物理沖突解決原理 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 一一. .沖突解決原理概述沖突解決原理概述 發(fā)明問題解決流發(fā)明問題解決流 程程 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 技術(shù)沖突與物理沖突的關(guān)系技術(shù)沖突與物理沖突的關(guān)系 技術(shù)沖突技術(shù)沖突 總是涉及到兩個(gè)基本參數(shù)總是涉及到兩個(gè)基本參數(shù)a a與與b b，當(dāng)，當(dāng)

2、a a得得 到改善時(shí)，到改善時(shí)，b b變得更差。變得更差。 物理沖突物理沖突 僅涉及系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)或部件，而僅涉及系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)或部件，而 對該子系統(tǒng)或部件提出了相反的要求。對該子系統(tǒng)或部件提出了相反的要求。 一一. .沖突解決原理概述沖突解決原理概述 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 二二.技術(shù)沖突解決原理技術(shù)沖突解決原理 2.1 2.1 技術(shù)沖突問題解決過程技術(shù)沖突問題解決過程 2.2 2.2 沖突矩陣沖突矩陣 2.3 2.3 應(yīng)用實(shí)例應(yīng)用實(shí)例 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 2.1 2.1 技術(shù)沖突問題解決過程技術(shù)沖突問題解決過程 triz問題問題 triz解解 領(lǐng)域解領(lǐng)域解 領(lǐng)域問題

3、領(lǐng)域問題 應(yīng)用應(yīng)用40條原理?xiàng)l原理 應(yīng)用應(yīng)用39個(gè)參數(shù)將個(gè)參數(shù)將 問題一般化問題一般化 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 39個(gè)通用工程參數(shù)個(gè)通用工程參數(shù) 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 40個(gè)發(fā)明原理個(gè)發(fā)明原理 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 2.2 2.2 沖突矩陣沖突矩陣 altshuller通過多年的研究、分析、比較提出了 沖突矩陣，該矩陣將描述技術(shù)沖突的技術(shù)沖突的3939個(gè)工程個(gè)工程 參數(shù)與參數(shù)與4040條發(fā)明原理建立了對應(yīng)關(guān)系條發(fā)明原理建立了對應(yīng)關(guān)系，很好地 解決了設(shè)計(jì)過程中選擇發(fā)明原理的難題。 沖突解決矩陣為40行40列的一個(gè)矩陣，矩陣中： 行-所描述的工程參數(shù)為沖突中惡化的一方； 列-

4、所代表的工程參數(shù)是改善的一方。 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) improving feature 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839 +-15,8,-29,17,-29,2,-2,8,8,10,10,36, 10,14,1,35,28,27,5,34,-6,29,19,1,35,12,-12,36,6,2,5,35,10,24, 10,35,3,26,1,3, 28,27, 28,35, 22,21, 22,35, 27,28,35,3,2,27,29,5,26,30, 28,29, 26,

5、35,35,3, 29,3438,3440,2815,3818,3737,435,419,3918,431,354,383234,3118,3134,193,313520,2818,3111,2735,2626,1818,2731,391,362,2428,1115,836,3426,3218,1924,37 -+-10,1,-35,30,-5,35,-8,10,13,29, 13,10, 26,39,28,2,-2,27,28,19, 19,32,-18,19, 15,19, 18,19,5,8,10,15, 10,20,19,6,10,28, 18,26,10,1,2,19,35,22,

6、28,1,96,13,2,27,19,15,1,10,25,28,2,26,1,28, 29,3513,214,219,3510,1829,141,40,10,2719,632,223528,118,1528,1513,30,3535,2618,268,32835,1722,371,391,2328,112926,3917,153515,35 8,15,-+-15,17,-7,17,-13,4,8 17,10, 1,8,351,8,1,8,8,35,19-10,15,328,35,-1,357,2,4,29,1,2415,2,29,3510,14, 28,32, 10,28,1,15,17,1

7、51,29,15,29,1,28,14,15,1,19,35,1,17,24,14,4, 29,3444,35410,2915,3429,34192435,3923,12929,4429,3717,241735,4101,1626,2426,2426,1628,29 35,28,-+-17,7,-35,8,-28,11,14,13,14, 39,37, 15,14,-1,10,3,35,3,25-12,86,2810,28, 24,26, 30,29,15,29, 32,28,2,32,1,1815,17,2,2531,351,262630,14, 40,2910,42,143515,7352

8、8,263538,1824,351428310277,26 2,17,-14,15,-+-7,14,29,30, 19,30, 10,15,5,34,11,2,3,15,6,3-2,15,15,32, 19,32-19,10, 15,1710,35, 30,2626,429,30,29,926,28,2,3222,33,17,2,13,1,15,17, 15,13, 15, 3014,1,2,36,14,30, 10,26, 29,418,417,44,3435,236,2829,413,3940,141619,1332,1830,262,396,1332,328,118,3926,2413,

9、1610,11326,1828,2334,2 -30,2,-26,7,-+-1,18,10,15,2,3840-2,10,35,39,-17,3217,7,10,14, 30,1610,35,2,18,32,35, 26,28,2,29,27,2,22,1,40,1616,41615,161,18,2,35,2310,15, 14,189,3935,3636,3719, 30383018,394,1840,440,432,318,3639,35403630,1817,7 2,26,-1,7,4,-1,7,4,-+-29,4,15,35,6,35,1,15,28,10,9,14,6,35,4-3

10、4,39,2,13,35-35,6,7,15,36,39,2,222,6,29,30,14,1,26,26, 25,28, 22,21,17,2,29,1,15,13,1015,2926,129,26, 35,34,10,6, 29, 40351738,3436,3736,3729,41,3915,710,181013,1813,1634,134,1740,11282,1627,3540,14030,12416,242,34 -35,10, 19,1435,8,-+-2,18,24,357,2,35 34,28,9,14,-35,34, 35,6,4-30,610,39,35,16,35,32

11、,35,35,10, 34,39, 30,18,3511,312,17,35,37, 19,142,143735, 4017,153835,3432 18162519,2735,42610,2 2,28,-13,14,-29,30,-7,29,-+13,28,6,18,35,15, 28,33,8,3,3,19,-28,30, 10,13,8,15,-19,35, 14,20, 10,13, 13,2610,19, 11,35, 28,32, 10,28,1,28,2,24,35,13, 32,28,34,2,15,10, 10,28,3,34,10,18 13,388343415,1938,

12、418,341,1826,1435,536,21935,3838,219,3528,3829,3827,281,2432,2535,2335,218,113,1228,27264,3427,16 8,1,18,13, 17,19, 28, 10 19, 10, 1,18,15,9,2,36,13,28,+18,21, 10,35, 35,10, 35,10,19,235,10,-19,17,1,16,19,35, 14,158,35,10,37, 14,29,3,35,35,10, 28,29,1,35,13,3,15,37,1,28,15,1,15,17, 26,35, 36,37,2,35

13、3,28, 37,181,289,361536,3712,3718,3715,121140,342114,27211036,3718,3740,53618,3613,2123,2437,36, 40,1836,2418,13,251118,210,1810,1935,37 10,36, 13,29, 35,10,35,1,10,15, 10,15,6,35,35,246,35,36,35,+35,4,35,33,9,18,19, 3,35,39,-14,24,10,35,2,36,10,36,37,36, 10,14, 10,13,6,28,3,3522,2,2,33,1,35,1123519

14、,1,2,36,35,2410,14, 37,410,183614,1636,2836,37,10362115, 102, 403, 402719,210,3714253,3743619,35253727,1816353735,37 8,10,15,10, 29,34, 13,14,5,34,14,4,7,2,35 35,15, 35,10, 34,15,+33,1,30,14, 14,26,22,14, 13,15,2,6,4,6,21435,29,14,10, 36,2210,40, 28,32, 32,30,22,1,35,11,32,32,15, 2,13,11,15,16,29, 1

15、5,13,15,1,17,26, 29,426,35,410,74, 1015,2234,1837, 4010,1418,410, 409,2519,323234,143,534,17161402,3517,2826291,28393234, 10 21,35, 26,39, 13,15,372,11,3928,10, 34,28, 33,15, 10,35,2,35,22,1,+17,9,13,27,39,3,35,1,32,3,13,1927,4,32,35,14,2,2,14,35,2715,32,131835,24, 35,40, 35,1932,35,2,35,35,30,2,35,

16、35,22, 1,8,35 23,35, 2,391, 401,281319,3935,428,1821,164018,41510,3535,233227,1629,1827,3139,630,43530,1827,393010,1634,222,2639,2340,3 1,8,40,26,1,15,15,14,3,34,9, 40, 10,15,9,14,8,13,10,18,10,3, 10, 30, 13,17,+27,3,30,10, 35,1919,35,3510,26,3535,28,29,3,29,10,11,33,27,3,2718,35, 15,35,11,3,32,40,

17、27,11,15,3,2,13,27,3,1529,35, 40,1527,18,3528,2640,292814,717,1526,143,1418, 40 35, 403526401035,2831,428,1271637,122,210,3225,233225,2815, 4010,14 19,5,-2,19,9-3,17,-10,2,-3,35,519,2,19,3,14,26,13,3,27,3,+-19,35,2,19,28,6,19,10,28,27,1020,10,3,35,11,2,33,27,22,15, 21,39, 27,1,412,2729,10,1,35,10,4,

18、19,29,6, 1035,17, 34,311919, 30162728,253510394,3535,1835,383,1828,1810,41316,433,2816,22271329,1539,3514,19 -6,27,-1, 40,-35,34,-39,3,-+19,18,-1627,16,1028,20,3,35,34,27, 10,26,17,1,2235, 1011225,34,120,10, 19,16353835,2336, 4018,3810,16316, 402440,336,3516,38 36,22, 22,35, 15,19, 15,19,3,35,35,383

19、4,39, 35,6,42,28, 35, 10, 35,39, 14,22,1,35, 10, 30, 19,13, 19,18,+32,30, 19,15,2,14,21,17, 21,36,35,28,3,17,19,35, 32,19,2422,33, 22,35, 26,2726,274,10,2,18,2,17,3,27,26,2,15,28, 6,38329939,1840,1836,33,2119,219,323222, 403936, 4021,163,1717,2535,3829,3121,1830,393, 102435,22,2416271635,3119,1635 1

20、9,1,2,35,19,32,19,32,2,13,10,13, 26,19,32, 3032,3,35,192,19,632,35,+32,1,32,353213,16,13,11,619,1,1,1911,15,3,3215,1935,19, 19,35, 28,26, 15,17,15,1,6,32,32,152,26,2,25, 32321626101962719191,151,626,173232,3928,261913,161,19131016 12,18,-12,28-15,19,-35,13,-8,35,16,26, 23,14,12,2,19,13,5,19,28,35,-1

21、9,24,2,15,+-6,19,12,22, 35,24,35,38, 34,23, 19,21, 3,1,321,35,2,35,6 28,26, 19,351,15,15,17,2,29,35,3832,212,28, 2,8,3125183521,2252917,249,356,183,141937,1815,2418,519,1816,1811,276,273017,2813,1627,2835 -19,9,-36,3727,4,3519,2,-+28,27,3,35,10,36,10,2,19,22,1,419,35,1,6 6,2729,1835,3218,31312322,37

22、1816,25 8,36,19,26,1,10,19,3817,32,35,6,30,6,15,35,26,2,22,10, 29,14, 35,32, 26, 10, 19,35,162,14,16,6,16,6,+10,35, 28,27, 10,1935,20,4,34,19,24, 32,15,32,219,22,2,35,26,10, 26,35,35,2,19,17, 20,19, 19,35,28,2,28,35, 38,3117,2735,3713,383825236,35352, 4015,312810,3817,251919,373818,3810,61926,31231,

23、218341010,343430,34161734 15,6,19,6,7,2,6, 6,38,7 15,26,17,7,7,18,716,35, 36,3814,2,2619,38,1,13,3,38+35,27, 19, 10 10,18,7,18,11,10,3221,22, 21,35,35,32,2,197,2335,3,228,10, 19,2818,9131017, 3030,18233839,6732,152,3732,7253535,22,22115,2329,35 35,6,35,6,14,29, 28,2435,2,10,18,1,29,3,39,10,13, 14,15

24、,3,36,29,35,2,14,35,28, 28,27, 27,16, 21,36, 1,6,13 35,18, 28,27, 28,27, 35,27,+15,18,6,3,10,29, 16,34, 35,10, 33,22,10,1,15,34, 32,28,2,35,15,10, 35,10, 35,18, 35,10, 28,35, 23,422,3210,392610,3139,3130,3618,3128,3818, 4037,13,530, 40 31, 403,1818,3839,3124,512,3118,382,3135,110,2439,3531,28, 24,31

25、30, 4034,29332,2434,27228,2410,131810,23 10,24, 10,35,1,2630,2630,162,2226,3210101910,1919,1+24,26, 24,28, 10,28,22,10, 10,21,3227,2235,333513,23, 35530,24,28,32352312215 10,20, 10,20,15,2,14,526,4,10,35,2,5,35,16,10,37,374, 10,35,3,29,3,20,10, 28,20, 35,29,1,19,35,38,135,20,10,5,35,18, 24,26,+35,38

26、, 10,30, 24,34, 24,26, 35,18, 35,22, 35,28,4,28,32,1,35,286,29,18,28, 24,28, 37,3526,5295,1617,434, 1032,1836,536,434,1722,528,1828,1810,1621,1826,1719,1810,618,3210,3928,3218,16428,3228,183418,3934,410,341032, 10 35, 30 35,6,27,26, 29,14,15,14,2,18,15,20,35,29, 35,14, 10,36, 35,1415,2,14,35,3,35,3,

27、35,3,17,34,29,3,35,357,18,6,3,24,28, 35,38,+18,3,13,2,33, 30 35,33,3,35,29,1,35,29,2,32,15,3,3,13,3,27,8,3513,29, 18,3118,3535,182940,42934,28314,317, 40 34, 10 10, 40313916,18312510,243518,1628, 402829,3140,3935,2725, 1010,252927, 1029,183,27 3,8,3,10,15,9,15,29, 17,10, 32,35,3,10,2,35,21,35,8,28,1

28、0,24,35,1,11,282,35,34,27,3,35,11,32, 21,11, 36,2321,11, 10,11, 10,35, 10,2810,30, 21,28,+32,3,11,32, 27,35,35,2,27,17,1,1113,35, 13,35, 27,40, 11,13,1,35, 10,48,2814,428,1114,1640,414,242411,2810,335,1916,113,256, 40101327,1926,313529,39440,311,2312, 4040,26408,241282729,38 32,35, 28,35, 28,26, 32,

29、28, 26,28, 26,28, 32,1328,13,32,26,28,6,28,32,35,28,6,28,6,10,26,6,19,6,1,3,6,323,6,32 26,32, 10,16,24,34, 2,6,325,11,+28,24,3,33,6,35,1,13,1,32,13,35, 27,35, 26,24,28,2,10,34, 26,2825,265,163,1632,332,3632,2432321332322428,24322731,2828,321,2322,2639, 1025,1817,3413,11210,3432,2810,3428,32 28,32, 2

30、8,35, 10,28,2,32,28,33,2,29,32,23, 25,10, 10,28, 28,19,3,3532, 30, 30,183,273,27,19,263,3232,232,213,32, 35,31,32,26, 32, 30 11,32,+26,28,4,17,1,32,25, 1026,2,26,28, 10,18, 13,1827,929,371029,3218,362353234,364040210,2428,18110,3634,2635,231818,2332,39 22,21,2,22,17,1,1,1822,1,17,2,22,23, 34,39, 21,

31、22, 13,35,22,2,22,1,35,24, 18,35, 22,15,17,1,22,33,1,19,1,24,10,2,19,22, 21,22, 33,22, 22,10, 35,18, 35,33, 27,24, 28,3326,28,+24,35,2,25,35,10, 35,11, 22,19, 22,19,33,3,22,35, 27,3913,2439,433,2839,3537,3519,2735,2839,18373,3530,1837,133,2840,3335,232,136,2722,3731,235,219,423429,312,423,2610,18228

32、,39222,3129, 40 29, 403413,24 19,22, 35,22, 17,15,17,2,22,1,17,2,30,18, 35,28, 35,28,2,33,35,135, 40, 15,35, 15,22, 21,39, 22,35, 19,24, 2,35,6 19,22,2,35,21,35,10,1,10,21,1,223,24,24,2,3,33,4,17,+19,1,2,21,222,35, 15,391,3916,2218,39404035,43,231, 4027,1827,3922,233,3116,222,2439,3218182,22342939,1

33、40,392634,263127,118,39 28,29,1,27,1,29,15,17,13,1,16,413,29,3535,1335,1235,19,1,28,11,13,1,3,27,1,435,1627,26, 28,24, 28,26,1,427,1,19,35, 15,34, 32,24, 35,28, 35,23,1,35,24,2+2,5,35,1,2,13,27,26,6,28,8,28,135,1, 15,1636,1313,172726,121, 408,11,3713,27110,321827,127,112,243318,1634,41,2412,1813,161

34、1,915111,110,28 25,2,6,13,1,17,1,17,18,16,1,16,4,18,18,13, 28,13,2,32,15,34, 32,35, 32, 40, 29,3,1,16,26,27, 13,17,1,13,35,34,2,19,28,32, 4, 10,4,28,12,3517,27, 25,13,1,32,2,25,2,5,12+12,26, 15,34, 32,26,1,34,15,1, 13,151,2513,1213,1615,3935,1539,3134351229,28303,288,2525131,24242, 10132,2427,2210,3

35、48,42,3435,2328,391,321,1612,1712,328 2,27,2,27,1,28,3,18,15,13, 16,2525,2,134,91,11,131,13,2,3511,1,11,29,14, 1015,1,15,1,15, 10, 15,1,2,35,32,1,2,28,11,10,10,2,25, 10 35,10,1,35,1,12,+7,1,4,35,1,34,35,1,32, 35,1135,1110,25313235,11102,42,928,271328,1632,232,1934,2710,2510,251,16132,1611, 1026,1516

36、13,117,1310 1,6,19,15,35,1,1,35,35,30, 15,1615,35,35,10, 15,17, 35,1615,37, 35, 30, 35,3,13,1,2,1627,2,6,22,19,35,19,1,18,15, 15,10,35,283,35,35,13,35,5,35,11,1,13,15,34,1,16,+15,29,127,34, 35,28, 15,829,1629,21629,72914201,81432,6353,3526,129,132912,13158,241,132,31311,167,437,28356,37 26,30,2,26,1

37、,19,2614,1,6,3634,26,1,1634, 10, 26,1619,1,29,13,2,22,2,13,10,4,2,17,24,17,27,2,20,19, 10,35, 35,10,6,2913,3,13,35,2,26,26,24, 22,19,19,127,26,27,9,1,1329,15,+15,10,15,1,12,17, 34,3635,3926,2413,166283528,1517,192828,15131329,2830,3413,228,2927,1110,343229, 401,1326,2428,3737,282428 27,26,6,13,16,17

38、,262,13,2,39,29,1,2,18,3,4,30,28, 35,36, 27,13, 11,22,27,3,19,29, 25,34,3,27,2,24,35,3819,35,18,1,35,3,1,18,35,33, 18,28,3,27, 27, 40, 26,24,22,19,2,215,28,2,512,261,1515,10,+34,2135,18 28,1328,126,2418,1730,164,1626,3116,35, 40,1937,321,3939, 3015,2839,256,3535,16261616, 1015,1910,2427,2232,929,182

39、8,832,2829,2811,2937,28 28,26, 28,26, 14,13,2317,14,35,13,28, 102,3513,3515,32,18,125,136,926,2,8,32,2,32,28,2,23,2835,10, 35,3324,28, 35,1311,27, 28,26, 28,26,2,3321,26,1,12,1,35,27,4,15,24, 34,27,+5,12, 18,3535,117,2813161,131919132718,535,33210,3418,231334,3131,35102535,26 35,26, 28,27,18,4,30,7,

40、10,26, 10,35,2,6,35,37,28,15, 10,37, 14, 1035,3,29,28, 35,10, 20,10, 35,21, 26,17, 35,10,135,20, 28,10, 28,10, 13,15,35,381,35,1,10,18,10, 22,35, 35,22, 35,28,1,28,1,32,1,35,12,17, 35,18,5,12,+ 24,3715,328,3814,2634,3117,734, 1010,210,361434, 4022,3910,182,1816,3828, 1019,138,191029,35, 35,232310,38

41、34,2832,113,2418,392,247, 1010,2528,3728,2427,235,26 weight of moving object weight of stationary object lecnght of moving object length of stationary object area of moving object area of stationary object volume of moving object volume of stationary object speed force (intesity) stress or pressure

42、shape stability of objects composition strength duration of action of moving object duration of stationary of moving object temperature illumination intensity use of energy by moving object use of energy by stationary object power loss of energy loss of substance loss of information object-generated

43、 harmful factors ease of manyfacture loss of time quality of substance / matter reliability measurement accuracy difficulty of detecting and measuring extent of automation productivity weight of moving object ease of operation ease of repair adaptability or versatility device complexity manufacturin

44、g precision object-affected harmful factors area of stationary object volume of moving object volume of stationary object speed force (intesity) stress or pressure shape stability of the objects composition strength duration of action of moving object duration of stationary of moving obj, temperatur

45、e illumination intensity use of energy by moving object use of energy by stationary obj, power loss of energy loss of substance loss of information loss of time quality of substance / matter reliability measurement accuracy manufacturing precision object-affected harmful factors object-generated har

46、mful factors ease of manyfacture ease of operation ease of repair adaptability or versatility device complexity difficulty of detecting and measuring extent of automation productivity39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 1 worsening feature

47、 5 4 3 2weight of stationary object length of moving object length of stationary object area of moving object 沖突矩陣沖突矩陣 改善方改善方 面面 惡化方面惡化方面 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 沖突矩陣沖突矩陣 強(qiáng)度 vs. 重量 2.2 2.2 沖突矩陣沖突矩陣 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 20 9 33 12 23 21 7 5 8 38 31 11 25 35 37 30 4 39 22 14 5 17 24 40 15 34 29 27 3 25 13 32 18 19 1

48、5 2 28 1 10 35 原理應(yīng)用頻率原理應(yīng)用頻率 原理應(yīng)用頻率原理應(yīng)用頻率 2.2 2.2 沖突矩陣沖突矩陣 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 2.3 2.3 應(yīng)用實(shí)例應(yīng)用實(shí)例 如何設(shè)計(jì)出一輛可載得多，又可省油的車？ 從待解決問題的文字?jǐn)⑹鲋?，試著找出問題是由哪些相互 矛盾的屬性所引起，將文字?jǐn)⑹鲛D(zhuǎn)換成39項(xiàng)工程參數(shù)中的 一項(xiàng)。 載得多表示#7移動物的體積要大，此為想要的屬性 載得多表示#1移動物的重量不能變大，此為所造成惡 化參數(shù)，不想要的屬性 可省油表示#19移動物體所消耗的能量不能變多，此 為所造成惡化參數(shù)，不想要的屬性 改善特性： #7移動物的體積 惡化特性：#1移動物的重量或#19

49、移動物體所消耗的能量 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 2.3 2.3 應(yīng)用實(shí)例應(yīng)用實(shí)例 應(yīng)用沖突矩陣確定發(fā)明原理 改善特性： #7移動物的體積 惡化特性：#1移動物的重量 發(fā)明原理：2,26,29,40 改善特性： #7移動物的體積 惡化特性：#19移動物體所消耗的能量 發(fā)明原理：35 由發(fā)明原則中找出構(gòu)想，再加以評估 #2:移除(提煉出)：移除不必要的機(jī)構(gòu)，使空間增加，重量減少，又可 省油 (可行) #26:復(fù)制：(可能不適合此問題的解決方案) #29:氣壓或液壓構(gòu)造： (可能不適合此問題的解決方案) #40:復(fù)合材料：使用輕且堅(jiān)固的復(fù)合材料，使重量減少以省油(可行) #35:改變物質(zhì)特性：改

50、變車子材料的特性，使重量減少以省油(可行) 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 三三.物理沖突解決原理物理沖突解決原理 3.1 3.1 物理沖突概述物理沖突概述 3.2 3.2 分離原理與應(yīng)用實(shí)例分離原理與應(yīng)用實(shí)例 3.3 3.3 分離原理與發(fā)明原理的關(guān)系分離原理與發(fā)明原理的關(guān)系 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 3.1 3.1 物理沖突概述物理沖突概述 物理沖突是triz要研究解決的關(guān)鍵問題之一。 與技術(shù)沖突相比，物理沖突物理沖突是一種更尖銳的沖 突，設(shè)計(jì)中必須解決。 當(dāng)對一子系統(tǒng)具有相反的要求具有相反的要求時(shí)就現(xiàn)了物理沖 突。 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 幾何類幾何類 材料及能量類材料及能量類 功

51、能類功能類 長與短長與短 多與少多與少 噴射與卡住噴射與卡住 對稱與不對稱對稱與不對稱 密度大與小密度大與小 推與拉推與拉 平行與交叉平行與交叉 導(dǎo)熱率高與低導(dǎo)熱率高與低 冷與熱冷與熱 厚與薄厚與薄 溫度高與低溫度高與低 快與慢快與慢 圓與非圓圓與非圓 時(shí)間長與短時(shí)間長與短 運(yùn)動與靜止運(yùn)動與靜止 鋒利與鈍鋒利與鈍 粘度高與低粘度高與低 強(qiáng)與弱強(qiáng)與弱 窄與寬窄與寬 功率大與小功率大與小 軟與硬軟與硬 水平與垂直水平與垂直 摩擦系數(shù)大與小摩擦系數(shù)大與小 成本高與低成本高與低 3.1 3.1 物理沖突概述物理沖突概述 常見的物理沖突常見的物理沖突 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) altshullera

52、ltshuller方法：方法： no.1 沖突特性的空間分離 no.2 沖突特性的時(shí)間分離 no.3 將不同系統(tǒng)或元件與一超系統(tǒng)相連 no.4 將系統(tǒng)改為反系統(tǒng)，或?qū)⑾到y(tǒng)與反系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合 no.5 系統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)整體具有特性b，其子系統(tǒng)具有特性-b no.6 微觀操作為核心的系統(tǒng) no.7 系統(tǒng)中一部分物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)交替變化 no.8 由于工作條件變化使系統(tǒng)從一種狀態(tài)向另一種狀態(tài)過渡 no.9 利用狀態(tài)變化所伴隨的現(xiàn)象 no.10 用兩相的物質(zhì)代替單相的物質(zhì) no.11 通過物理作用及化學(xué)反應(yīng)使物質(zhì)從一種狀態(tài)過渡到另一 種狀態(tài) 3.2 3.2 分離原理分離原理 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)代t

53、riztriz提出的四條分離原理解決物理沖突：提出的四條分離原理解決物理沖突： 空間分離：空間分離：元件的某一部分有特性元件的某一部分有特性p p，另一部分另一部分 具特性具特性- -p p，在空間上分離該兩部分。在空間上分離該兩部分。 時(shí)間分離：時(shí)間分離： 基于條件的分離：基于條件的分離： 整體與部分的分離：整體與部分的分離： 3.2 3.2 分離原理分離原理 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 3.23.2分離原理分離原理- -空間分離空間分離 例：兩個(gè)物理沖突例：兩個(gè)物理沖突: : 為了為了高速行走高速行走需要一個(gè)直徑大的車輪，為了需要一個(gè)直徑大的車輪，為了乘坐舒適乘坐舒適，需要，需要 一個(gè)小

54、的車輪，車輪既要大又要小形成了物理沖突；一個(gè)小的車輪，車輪既要大又要小形成了物理沖突； 騎車人既要快蹬腳蹬，以騎車人既要快蹬腳蹬，以提高速度提高速度，又要慢蹬以，又要慢蹬以感覺舒適感覺舒適。 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 采用采用空間分離原理設(shè)計(jì)解采用采用空間分離原理設(shè)計(jì)解 決這兩組物理沖突。決這兩組物理沖突。 鏈條在空間上將鏈輪的運(yùn)動鏈條在空間上將鏈輪的運(yùn)動 傳遞給飛輪，飛輪驅(qū)動自行傳遞給飛輪，飛輪驅(qū)動自行 車后輪旋轉(zhuǎn)；車后輪旋轉(zhuǎn)； 鏈輪直徑大于飛輪，鏈輪以鏈輪直徑大于飛輪，鏈輪以 較慢的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)將導(dǎo)致飛輪較慢的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)將導(dǎo)致飛輪 較快的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度較快的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度。 3.23.2分離原理分離原理- -空間分離空間分離 每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)代triztriz提出的四條分離原理解決物理沖突：提出的四條分離原理解決物理沖突： 空間分離：空間分離： 時(shí)間分離：時(shí)間分離：在某一時(shí)間，元件具有特性在某一時(shí)間，元件具有特性p