【跨文化交流外教】3Ways to Study Culture and Building Block 1Individualist vs Collectivist (New)

1、how do we study culture? ways to study culture emic approach studies a culture from the inside attempts to understand a culture as a member of that culture would understand it etic approach studies a culture from the outside compares cultures using pre- determined characteristics emic approach studi

2、es the behavior from within the system examines only one culture provides a way of understanding how reality is organized within a particular cultural perspective. etic approach studies the behavior from outside the system examines many cultures, comparing them assumes that cross-cultural comparison

3、s can generate observational categories that are a useful way of comparing a wide variety of cultures what will we use? primarily the etic approach since you are not living in another culture if you go to another culture, you will use the emic approach what is the best way? building blocks of cultur

4、e (observational categories) four building blocks of culture concept of self individualist and collectivist personal vs. societal responsibility universalist and particularist concept of time monochronic and polychronic locus of control internal and external dividing the spoils for six weeks, you an

5、d three other people at your company have been working on a special, important project. now, the work is complete and the four of you have been awarded a cash prize of $20,000 dollars. person a (your friend) did 20% of the work. you did 50% of the work. the other two (who you dont really like) did 1

6、5% of the work each. how should the money be divided? collectivist vs. individualist collectivistic culture each person receives $5,000 individualistic culture person a - $4,000 you - $10,000 person c - $3,000 person d - $3,000 individualist smallest unit of survival is the individual identity is ba

7、sed on what one owns or experiences. people identify primarily with self, and the needs of the individual are satisfied before those of the group looking after and taking care of oneself (being self-sufficient) guarantees the well-being of the group individualist (cont.) independence and self-relian

8、ce are stressed and greatly valued personal freedom is highly desired more psychological and emotional distance from others group membership is not essential to ones identity, survival, or success collectivist primary group is usually the immediate family, the smallest unit of survival ones identity

9、 is a function of ones membership and role in a group (like family, or work team) the survival and success of the group ensures the well-being of the individual person is protected by considering and ensuring the needs and feelings of others (thus ensuring the survival of the group) collectivist (co

10、nt.) harmony and interdependence of group members are stressed and valued little psychological or emotional distance between group members considerable distance between group and non-group members (in-groups and out-groups) example within education what are your in-groups in a chinese college settin

11、g? in china education is organized by the group. you class is together for 4 years. you eat together, live together, go shopping together, study together. example within education in america, education is organized by the individual. each person chooses their major, their classes each semester, thei

12、r roommates (which can change every year and sometimes every semester and are not necessarily classmates). puzzlers who would more likely be part of a group, a collectivist or individualist? if china is a collectivist country, why do chinese have so much success in individual sports. if the west is

13、more individualist, why do they have more success in team sports? how does this impact friendships? the coconutand the peach collective culture: coconut takes longer to get through the outer shell, but once youre in, youre in for life. less friends, but friends for a lifetime. individualistic cultures: peach easy to become surface friends but it takes longer to get to the center. in