有理數(shù)的乘法有理數(shù)的乘法法則優(yōu)質(zhì)課件專業(yè)知識講座

1、鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 1 璇懼爞璁茶 鏈夌悊鏁扮殑涔樻硶 鍊掓暟 2 璇炬椂嫻佺 閫愮偣 瀵艱緇? 璇懼爞 灝忕粨 浣滀笟 鎻愬崌 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鎴戜滑宸茬粡鐔熸?zhèn)夋瓡板?鐨勪箻娉曡繍綆?涓庡姞娉? 綾諱技錛屽紩鍏礋鏁板悗錛屽皢鍑虹幇 3脳(-3)錛岋紙-3)脳3 錛?3)脳(-3)榪欐牱鐨勪箻娉?璇庢牱榪涜榪欎竴綾葷殑榪? 綆楀憿錛? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎

2、渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 1 鐭瘑鐐? 鏈夌悊鏁扮殑涔樻硶 鐭?錛嶅 鎬濊冿細瑙傚療涓嬮潰鐨勪箻娉曠畻寮忥紝浣犺兘鍙戠幇浠涔堣寰嬪悧錛? 3脳3 = 9錛? 3脳2 = 6錛? 3脳1 = 3錛? 3脳0=0. 鍙互鍙戠幇錛屼笂榪扮畻寮忔湁濡備笅瑙勫緥錛氶殢鐫鍚庝竴涔樻暟閫? 嬈掑噺1錛岀閫愭閫掑噺3. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭煡1錛嶅錛嶅 瑕佷嬌榪欎釜瑙勫緥鍦紩鍏礋鏁板悗浠嶇劧鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔堝簲

3、鏈夛細瑕佷嬌榪欎釜瑙勫緥鍦紩鍏礋鏁板悗浠嶇劧鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔堝簲鏈夛細 3脳脳( _1) = _3錛岋紝 3脳脳(_2)=_錛岋紝 3脳脳(_3)=_. 鎬濊冿細瑙傚療涓嬮潰鐨勭畻寮忥紝浣犲張鑳藉彂鐜頒粈涔堣寰嬶紵瑙傚療涓嬮潰鐨勭畻寮忥紝浣犲張鑳藉彂鐜頒粈涔堣寰嬶紵 3脳脳3 = 9錛岋紝 2脳脳3 = 6錛岋紝 1脳脳3 = 3, 0脳脳3=0. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭煡1錛嶅錛嶅 鍙互鍙戠幇錛屼笂榪扮畻寮忔湁濡備笅瑙勫緥錛氶殢鐫鍓嶄竴涔樻暟閫愭 閫掑噺1錛岀閫愭閫掑噺3. 瑕佷

4、嬌涓婅堪瑙勫緥鍦紩浜鴻礋鏁板悗浠嶇劧鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔堜綘璁負涓? 闈殑絀烘牸搴斿鍐欎粈 涔堟暟錛? (-1) 脳3=_, (-2) 脳 3=_, (-3) 脳 3=_. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶅 鎬濊冿細鍒敤涓婇潰褰掔撼鐨勭粨璁鴻綆椾笅闈殑綆楀紡錛屼綘 鍙戠幇鏈変粈涔堣寰嬶紵 (-3) 脳 3=_, (-3) 脳 2=_, (-3) 脳 1=_, (-3) 脳 0=_, 鍙互鍙戠幇錛屼笂榪扮畻寮忔湁濡備笅瑙勫緥錛氶殢鐫鍚庝竴涔樻暟 閫愭閫掑噺1錛岀閫愭澧炲姞3. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵

5、鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶅 鎸夌収涓婅堪瑙勫緥錛屼笅闈殑絀烘牸鍙互鍚勫浠涔堟暟錛? 浠庝腑鍙互褰掔撼鍑轟粈涔堢粨璁猴紵 (-3) 脳 (-1) =_, (-3) 脳 (-2) =_, (-3) 脳 (-3) =_. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭煡1錛嶈錛嶈 1.鏈夌悊鏁頒箻娉曟硶鍒欙細鏈夌悊鏁頒箻娉曟硶鍒欙細 (1)涓暟鐩鎬箻錛屽悓鍙峰緱姝紝寮傚彿寰楄礋錛屽茍鎶婄粷瀵瑰肩浉涔橈紟 (

6、2)浠諱綍鏁頒笌0鐩鎬箻錛岄兘寰?. (3)浠諱綍鏁頒笌1鐩鎬箻閮界瓑浜庡畠鏈韓瀹冩湰韜紝浠諱綍鏁頒笌錛?鐩? 涔橀兘絳変簬瀹冪殑鐩稿弽鏁扮浉鍙嶆暟錛? 瑕佺偣綺炬瀽錛氳鐐圭簿鏋愶細 (1)濡傛灉涓釜鏁扮殑縐負姝暟錛岄偅涔堣繖涓釜鏁板悓姝? 鎴栧悓璐燂紝鍙嶄箣浜劧錛? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭煡1錛嶈錛嶈 (2)濡傛灉涓釜鏁扮殑縐負璐熸暟錛岄偅涔堣繖涓釜鏁頒竴姝竴璐燂紝 鍙嶄箣浜劧錛? (3)濡傛灉涓釜鏁扮殑縐負0錛岄偅涔堣繖涓釜鏁頒腑鑷沖皯鏈変竴 涓槸0錛屽弽涔嬩害鐒訛紟 3.鏄

7、撻敊璀錛氫笉瑕佷笌鍔犳硶娉曞垯娣蜂負涓璋堬紝閿欒鍦扮悊 瑙負鈥?鍚屽彿鍙栧師鏉殑絎彿鈥?錛屽啀鎶婄粷瀵瑰肩浉涔橈紟 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶈 銆愪緥銆愪緥1銆戙?璁畻錛?1)(錛?)脳(錛?)錛?2) (3) (4) 瀵煎紩錛?1)(3)寮傚彿涓暟鐩鎬箻錛岀涓鴻礋錛涘紓鍙蜂袱鏁扮浉涔橈紝縐負璐燂紱(2)鍚屽彿涓暟鐩鎬箻錛屽悓鍙蜂袱鏁扮浉涔橈紝 縐負姝紱(4)浠諱綍鏁頒笌0鐩鎬箻錛岄兘寰?. 13 24 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 錛? 1 70. 3 ? ? ? ? 32 1

8、 47 ? ? ? ? 錛? 瑙細(1)(錛嶏紞6)脳脳(錛嬶紜5)錛濓紞錛濓紞6脳脳5錛濓紞錛濓紞30. (2) (3) (4) 13133 =. 24248 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 32721 1=. 47472 ? ? ? ? 1 70=0. 3 ? ? ? ?錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶈 銆愪緥銆愪緥2銆戙戣綆楋細璁畻錛? (1) (-3)脳9; (2) 8脳(-1); 瑙細 (1) (-3)脳9=-27; (2) 8脳(-1) =-8; 瑕佸緱鍒

9、頒竴涓暟 鐨勭浉鍙嶆暟錛屽彧瑕佺殑鐩稿弽鏁幫紝鍙 灝嗗畠涔?-1. ? ? 1 (3)2 . 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 (3)2 =1. 2 ? ? ? ? ? 錛堟潵鑷暀鏉愶級 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鎬? 緇? 鐭?錛嶈 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 鍏堝畾絎彿錛屽悓鍙峰緱姝紝寮傚彿寰楄礋錛屽啀綆? 緇濆鍊鹼紱浠諱綍鏁頒笌0鐩鎬箻閮藉緱0. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?

10、錛嶈 銆愪緥3銆戝鍥撅紝鏁拌醬涓夾銆丅涓偣鎵琛鐨勪袱涓暟 鐨? ) A錛庡拰涓烘鏁? B錛庡拰涓鴻礋鏁? C錛庣涓烘鏁? D錛庣涓鴻礋鏁? 瀵煎紩錛氱敱鍥懼彲鐭鐐硅紺虹殑鏁版槸璐熸暟錛孊鐐硅紺虹殑鏁頒負 姝暟錛屽茍涓旇繖涓釜鏁扮殑緇濆鍊肩浉絳夛紟 D 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鎬? 緇? 鐭?錛嶈 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 鏈鏄竴閬撴暟褰粨鍚堥錛屽厛紜畾鏈鏄竴閬撴暟褰粨鍚堥錛屽厛紜畾A銆併丅涓偣琛涓偣琛 鐨勬湁鐞嗘暟鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍐嶇瀹氬畠浠殑緇濆鍊煎灝忥紝縐殑鐨勬湁鐞嗘暟鐨

11、勭鍙鳳紝鍐嶇瀹氬畠浠殑緇濆鍊煎灝忥紝縐殑 絎彿鐢變袱鏁扮殑絎彿紜畾錛涗袱鏁扮殑鍜岀殑絎彿鏃鐪嬩袱絎彿鐢變袱鏁扮殑絎彿紜畾錛涗袱鏁扮殑鍜岀殑絎彿鏃鐪嬩袱 鏁扮殑絎彿錛屽張瑕佺湅瀹冧滑鐨勭粷瀵瑰肩殑澶皬錛庢湰棰樹綋鐜版暟鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍙堣鐪嬪畠浠殑緇濆鍊肩殑澶皬錛庢湰棰樹綋鐜? 浜嗕簡鏁板艦緇撳悎鎬濇兂鏁板艦緇撳悎鎬濇兂錛庯紟 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶇粌 錛堟潵鑷婂吀涓偣銆嬶級 (2014路澶觸澶觸)璁畻(錛?)脳(錛?)鐨勭粨鏋滅瓑浜? ) A錛? B錛庯紞6 C錛? D錛庯紞1

12、(涓冧腑鑰兟鋒俯宸炴俯宸?璁畻錛?錛?)脳3鐨勭粨鏋滄槸( ) A錛庯紞6 B錛庯紞1 C錛? D錛? 1 2 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶇粌 錛堟潵鑷婂吀涓偣銆嬶級 (2015路娌沖寳)璁畻錛?錛?脳(錛?)錛? ) A錛? B錛? C錛庯紞1 D錛? 3 璁畻錛? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 69 246 361? ? ?錛涳紱錛? ? ? ? 2911 460 5 6. 3434 ? ? ? ? ? 錛涳紱 錛堟潵鑷暀鏉愶級 4 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰

13、冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 2 鐭瘑鐐?鍊掓暟 鐭?錛嶈 1錛庡畾涔夛細涔樼鏄?鐨勪袱涓暟浜掍負鍊掓暟錛? 瑕佺偣綺炬瀽錛? (1)0娌湁鍊掓暟錛? (2)涓涓暟鍜屽畠鐨勫掓暟鐨勭鍙風浉鍚岋紝鍗蟲鏁扮殑鍊掓暟 鏄鏁幫紝璐熸暟鐨勫掓暟鏄礋鏁幫紟 (3)鍊掓暟鏄浉浜掔殑錛屽綋ab錛?鏃訛紝a鍙仛b鐨勫掓暟錛宐 涔熷彨鍋歛鐨勫掓暟錛? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶈 (4)1鎴栨垨錛嶏紞1鐨勫掓暟鏄畠鏈韓錛? 2

14、.鏄撻敊璀錛氭槗閿欒紺猴細 (1)璐熸暟鐨勫掓暟涔熶負璐熸暟錛屼笉瑕佸繕璁板啓璐熷彿錛? (2)涓嶆槸浠諱綍鏁伴兘鏈夊掓暟錛屼緥濡?灝辨病鏈夊掓暟灝辨病鏈夊掓暟錛? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶈 銆愪緥4銆戙?姹備笅鍒楀悇鏁扮殑鍊掓暟錛? (1)錛? 錛?2)錛?錛?3)錛? 錛?4)0.125錛?5)錛?.4. 3 5 5 . 3 (1)-瑙細 12 7 瀵煎紩錛氭牴鎹畾涔夛紝瑕佹眰鏍規(guī)嵁瀹氫箟錛岃姹俛(a鈮?)鐨勫掓暟錛屽彧瑕佹眰 鍗沖彲錛? 1 a 5 8. (5). 7

15、?(4) 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 ? ? 7 3. 12 ? (2)1. ? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鎬? 緇? 鐭?錛嶈 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 (1)姹傚皬鏁扮殑鍊掓暟錛岃鍏堟妸灝忔暟鍖栨垚鍒嗘暟錛屾眰甯垎鏁? 鐨勫掓暟錛岃鍏堟妸甯垎鏁板寲鎴愬亣鍒嗘暟錛? (2)浜掍負鍊掓暟鐨勪袱涓暟鐨勭鍙風浉鍚岋紝鍗蟲鏁扮殑鍊掓暟涓瀹? 鏄鏁幫紝璐熸暟鐨勫掓暟涓瀹氭槸璐熸暟錛岃浣忚繖涓粨璁猴紝 鍙互闃叉鍙戠敓絎彿閿欒錛? (3)0娌湁鍊掓暟錛涘掓暟絳変簬鏈韓鐨勬暟鏈変袱涓細鹵1. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊

16、鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶈 銆愪緥銆愪緥5銆戙戝凡鐭凡鐭鐨勫掓暟鏄畠鏈韓錛宐鏄紞10鐨勭浉鍙嶆暟錛岃礋 鏁版暟c鐨勭粷瀵瑰兼槸8錛屾眰寮忓瓙4a錛嶏紞b錛嬶紜3c鐨勫鹼紟鐨勫鹼紟 瑙細瑙細 鍥犱負a鐨勫掓暟鏄畠鏈韓錛屾墍浠錛澛憋紳鹵1. 鍥犱負b鏄紞10鐨勭浉鍙嶆暟錛屾墍浠錛濓紳10. 鍥犱負璐熸暟c鐨勭粷瀵瑰兼槸8錛屾墍浠錛濓紞8. 鎵浠?a錛嶏紞b錛嬶紜3c錛濓紳4脳脳1錛嶏紞10錛嬶紜3脳脳(錛嶏紞8) 錛濓紳4錛嶏紞10錛嬶紜(錛嶏紞24) 錛濓紞30. 鎴栨垨4a錛嶏紞b錛嬶紜3c錛濓紳

17、4脳脳(錛嶏紞1)錛嶏紞10錛嬶紜3脳脳(錛嶏紞8) 錛濓紞4錛嶏紞10錛嬶紜(錛嶏紞24) 錛濓紞錛濓紞38. 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鎬? 緇? 鐭?錛嶈 錛堟潵鑷婄偣鎷嬶級 錛?錛?娌湁鍊掓暟錛? 錛?錛夊掓暟絳変簬鏈韓鐨勬暟鏈変袱涓細鹵1錛? 錛?錛変簰涓哄掓暟鐨勪袱涓暟絎彿鐩稿悓. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭煡2錛嶇粌錛嶇粌 錛堟潵鑷婂吀涓偣銆

18、嬶級錛堟潵鑷婂吀涓偣銆嬶級 鑻暟a鈮?錛屽垯a鐨勫掓暟鏄痏_錛宊_娌湁 鍊掓暟錛涘掓暟絳変簬瀹冩湰韜殑鏁版槸_錛? 1 鑻涓巄浜掍負鐩稿弽鏁幫紝c涓巇浜掍負鍊掓暟錛屽垯5(a錛媌) 錛?cd錛漘_錛? 2 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鐭?錛嶇粌 錛堟潵鑷婂吀涓偣銆嬶級 (2015路嫻峰崡)錛? 015鐨勫掓暟鏄? ) A錛庯紞 B. C錛庯紞2 015 D錛? 015 (2015路姣曡妭)錛? 鐨勫掓暟鐨勭浉鍙嶆暟絳変簬( ) A錛庯紞2 B. C錛庯紞 D錛? 1 2015 1 201

19、5 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 涓釜鏁扮浉涔橈紝鍏堢瀹氱鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍚屽彿寰楁錛屽紓 鍙峰緱璐燂紝鍐嶆妸緇濆鍊肩浉涔橈紱浠諱綍鏁頒笌0鐩鎬箻閮藉緱0. 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 鍊掓暟鐨勬眰娉曟妧宸細 (1)姹傚垎鏁扮殑鍊掓暟鏃訛紝鍙鎶婅繖涓垎鏁扮殑鍒嗗瓙銆佸垎姣? 棰犲掍綅緗嵆鍙?鏁存暟鐪嬫垚鍒嗘瘝涓?鐨勫垎鏁?錛? (2)姹傚甫鍒嗘暟鐨勫掓暟鏃訛

20、紝瑕佸厛灝嗗叾鍖栨垚鍋囧垎鏁幫紱 (3)姹傚皬鏁扮殑鍊掓暟鏃訛紝瑕佸厛灝嗗叾鍖栨垚鍒嗘暟錛? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 1.瀹屾垚鏁欐潗P30緇冧範 T2銆乀3錛孭37涔犻1.4 T1-T3 2.琛厖: 璇峰畬鎴愩婂吀涓偣銆嬪墿浣欓儴鍒嗕範棰? 蹇呭仛錛? 鏈枃妗墍鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭粎渚涘弬鑰冧箣鐢紝涓嶈兘浣滀負縐戝渚濇嵁錛岃鍕挎浠褲傛枃妗鏈変笉 褰撲箣澶勶紝璇瘋仈緋繪湰浜烘垨緗戠珯鍒犻櫎銆? 椋庯紝娌湁琛錛涙椂闂達紝娌湁灞呮墍錛涘畠浠槸鎷湁鍏笘鐣岀殑涓釜絀蜂漢鐢熸椿涓嶅彧鐪煎墠鐨勮嫙涓旓

21、紝榪樻湁璇楀拰榪滄柟鐨勭敯閲庛備綘璧墜絀烘嫵鏉埌浜轟笘闂達紝涓轟簡蹇冧腑鐨勯偅鐗囨搗涓嶉【涓鍒囥? 榪愬姩澶鍜屽灝戯紝鍚屾牱鐨勬崯浼綋鍔涳紱楗榪囧涓庤繃灝戯紝鍚屾牱鐨勬崯浼仴搴鳳紱鍞湁閫傚害鍙互浜敓銆佸榪涖佷繚鎸佷綋鍔涘拰鍋悍銆?縐嬫按鏃犵棔鑱嗗惉钀藉彾鐨勬儏鎰孩灝樺線浜嬪憿鍠冭搗娑?婕棤鏁板績鍙棤璇鏈涚伩鐑傜殑瀛嫭鏄庢湀榛勬槒閬嶉亶涓嶅啀灝戝勾璺瞾鏈堟瀬緹庯紝鍦簬瀹冨繀鐒剁殑嫻侀濄? 鏄姳銆佺鏈堛佸鏃佸啲闆?浣犲繀姹楁祦婊潰鎵嶅緱緋婂彛錛岀洿鍒頒綘褰掍簡鍦燂紱鍥犱負浣犳槸浠庡湡鑰屽嚭鐨勩備綘鏈槸灝樺湡錛屼粛瑕佸綊浜庡皹鍦熴?鎴戝緇堢浉淇紝寮濮嬪湪鍐呭績鐢熸椿寰楁洿涓們 鐨勪漢錛屼篃浼氬湪澶栬

22、涓婂紑濮嬬敓媧誨緱鏇存湸绱犮傚湪涓涓鍗庢氮璐圭殑騫翠唬錛屾垜甯屾湜鑳藉悜涓栫晫琛槑錛屼漢綾葷湡姝渶瑕佺殑鐨勪笢瑗挎槸闈炲父涔嬪井灝戠殑銆備笘鐣屼笂鐨勪簨鎯咃紝鏈蹇岃鐨勫氨鏄釜 鍗佸叏鍗佺編錛屼綘鐪嬮偅澶笂鐨勬湀浜紝涓鏃渾婊簡錛岄涓婂氨瑕佷簭鍘岋紱鏍戜笂鐨勬灉瀛愶紝涓鏃啛閫忎簡錛岄涓婂氨瑕佸潬钀姐傚嚒浜嬫昏紼嶇暀嬈犵己錛屾墠鑳芥寔鎭掋?鍙湁緇忓巻榪囧湴鐙辮埇鐨勭（鐮猴紝 鎵嶈兘緇冨氨鍒涢犲鍫傜殑鍔涢噺錛涘彧鏈夋祦榪囪鐨勬墜鎸囷紝鎵嶈兘寮瑰嚭涓栭棿鐨勭粷鍝嶃傛椂鍏夊彧欏懼偓浜鴻侊紝涓嶈澶氭儏錛岄暱鎭浜紝婊存唱鏄閰掓槗閱掋傛妗愭槰澶滆椋庢紝娣湀鏈儳錛屽 姊鎯婏紝浣曞楂樻闆佷竴澹幫紵 濡傛灉浣犻暱鏃墮

23、棿鐩潃娣辨笂錛屾繁娓婁篃浼氱洴鐫浣犮?鎵鏈夌殑緇撳眬閮藉凡鍐欏 鎵鏈夌殑娉按涔熼兘宸插惎紼?鍗村拷鐒跺繕浜嗘槸鎬庝箞鏍風殑涓涓紑濮?鍦偅涓彜鑰?鐨勪笉鍐嶅洖鏉殑澶忔棩 鏃犺鎴戝浣曞湴鍘昏拷绱?騫磋交鐨勪綘鍙浜戝獎鎺犺繃 鑰屼綘寰瑧鐨勯潰瀹規(guī)瀬嫻呮瀬娣?閫愭笎闅愭病鍦棩钀藉悗鐨勭兢宀?閬傜炕寮閭彂榛勭殑鎵夐 鍛借繍灝嗗畠瑁呰寰楁瀬涓烘嫏鍔? 鍚潃娉?鎴戜竴璇誨啀璇?鍗翠笉寰椾笉鎵胯闈掓槬鏄竴鏈浠撲績鐨勪功 璁板繂鏄棤鑺辯殑钄瘋枃錛屾案榪滀笉浼氳觸钀姐?鎴戜篃瑕佹眰浣犺涔敤鍔燂紝涓嶆槸鍥犱負鎴戣浣犺窡鍒漢姣旀垚灝憋紝鑰屾槸鍥犱負錛屾垜 甯屾湜浣犲皢鏉細鎷湁閫夋嫨鐨勬潈鍒紝閫夋嫨鏈夋剰涔夛紝鏈夋椂闂

24、寸殑宸綔錛岃屼笉鏄榪皨鐢熴?灝界蹇冨緢绱?寰堢柌鍊?鎴戝嵈娌湁鐞嗙敱鍚庨 鎴栨粸鐣欏湪榪囧幓涓庢湭鏉箣闂? 涓夊崈騫磋鍙詫紝涓嶅鍔熷悕鍒錛涗節(jié)涓囬噷鎮(zhèn)熼亾錛岀粓褰掕瘲閰掔敯鍥?榪欐槸涓涓渶濂界殑鏃朵唬錛岃繖鏄竴涓渶鍧忕殑鏃朵唬榪欐槸涓涓櫤鎱殑騫翠唬錛岃繖鏄竴涓剼锠殑騫翠唬錛涜繖鏄竴涓厜鏄?鐨勫鑺傦紝榪欐槸涓涓粦鏆楃殑瀛妭錛涜繖鏄笇鏈涗箣鏄紝榪欐槸澶辨湜涔嬪啲錛涗漢浠潰鍓嶅簲鏈夊敖鏈夛紝浜轟滑闈墠涓鏃犳墍鏈夛紱浜轟滑姝笍涓婂鍫備箣璺紝浜轟滑姝蛋鍚戝湴鐙變箣闂?鎴戞湁鎵鎰熶簨錛?緇撳湪娣辨繁鑲犮?浣犱竴瀹氳鈥滅寮鈥濇墠鑳藉紑灞曚綘鑷繁銆傛墍璋撶埗姣嶏紝灝辨槸閭笉鏂鐫鑳屽獎鏃鍠滃張鎮(zhèn)蹭激錛屾兂榪藉洖

25、鎷姳鍙堜笉鏁寮犵殑浜恒?蹇冧箣鎵鍚?绱犲飽浠線 鐢熷閫嗘梾 涓 涓漢鐨勮璧拌寖鍥達紝灝辨槸浠栫殑涓栫晫銆傚洜涓虹埍榪囷紝鎵浠厛鎮(zhèn)詫紱鍥犱負鎳傚緱錛屾墍浠瀹廣?鍒繪剰鍘繪壘鐨勪笢瑗匡紝寰寰鏄壘涓嶅埌鐨勩傚涓嬩竾鐗殑鏉拰鍘伙紝閮芥湁浠栫殑鏃墮棿銆?涓庡杽浜?灞咃紝濡傚叆鑺濆叞涔嬪錛屼箙鑰岃嚜鑺充篃錛涗笌鎭朵漢灞咃紝濡傚叆椴嶉奔涔嬭倖錛屼箙鑰岃嚜鑷篃銆?鏇劇粡娌搗闅句負姘達紝闄嵈宸北涓嶆槸浜戙?鍥為鍚戞潵钀憻澶勶紝褰掑幓錛屼篃鏃犻闆篃鏃犳櫞銆?鍗婄敓 闂崱錛屽甫鏉涓氫赴鍘氾紝鍎垮瓩婊爞錛岃璧頒竴鐢熺殑鑴氭錛岃搗鐐癸紝緇堢偣錛屽綊鏍瑰埌搴曪紝閮芥槸瀹舵墍鍦殑鍦版柟錛岃繖鏄腑鍥戒漢縐夋寔鍗冨勾鐨勪俊浠幫

26、紝鏈寸礌錛屼絾鏈夊姏閲忋傞鍚逛笉鍊掓湁鏍圭殑 鏍戞垜鑳芥壙鍙楀灝戠（闅撅紝灝卞彲浠棶鑰佸瑕佸灝戜漢鐢熴傚績錛岃嫢娌湁鏍栨伅鐨勫湴鏂癸紝鍒板摢閲岄兘鏄祦嫻?.濡傛灉鏈夋潵鐢燂紝瑕佸仛涓鍙笩錛岄瓚婃案鎭掞紝娌湁榪烽旂殑鑻伡銆備笢鏂規(guī)湁鐏孩 鐨勫笇鏈涳紝鍗楁柟鏈夋俯鏆栫殑宸簥錛屽悜瑗塊愰孌嬮槼錛屽悜鍖楀敜閱掕姮鑺熾傚鏋滄湁鏉敓錛屽笇鏈涙瘡嬈浉閬囷紝閮借兘鍖栦負姘告亽銆備笉涔變簬蹇冿紝涓嶅洶浜庢儏銆備笉鐣忓皢鏉紝涓嶅康榪囧線銆傚姝紝瀹?濂姐?絎戯紝鍏笘鐣屼究涓庝綘鍚屽絎戯紝鍝紝浣犱究鐙嚜鍝?涓杈堝瓙錛屼笉璇村悗鎮(zhèn)旓紝涓嶈瘔紱諱激銆備笂甯濅綔璇侊紝鎴戞槸鐪熺殑鎯沖繕璁幫紝浣嗕笂甯濅篃鐭亾錛屾垜鏄湡鐨勫繕

27、涓嶄簡 濡傛灉鍏朵腑涓鍗婃槸 鐧懼垎鐧劇殑璇濋偅灝變笉鏄夋嫨浜嗚屾槸姝絳旀浜嗭紝涓鍗婁竴鍗婏紝閫夊摢涓鍗婇兘寰堝洶闅撅紝鎵浠繖鎵嶆槸閫夋嫨銆傝窡鐫浣狅紝鍦摢閲岋紝鍋氫粈涔堬紝閮藉銆傜湢銆傛垜鍊懼敖涓鐢燂紝鍥氫綘鏃犳湡銆傛嫨 涓浜烘繁鐖憋紝絳変竴浜虹粓鑰併傜棿涓浜烘儏娣憋紝鐣欎竴涓栫箒鍗庛傛柇涓鏍圭惔寮紝姝屼竴鏇茬鍒傛垜鑳屽純涓鍒囷紝鍏卞害鏈濆銆?浜烘繪槸鍦帴榪戝垢紱忔椂鍊嶆劅騫哥錛屽湪騫哥榪涜鏃跺嵈鎮(zhèn)緱鎮(zhèn)銆?璺繃鐨勫凡緇忚礬榪囷紝鐣欎笅鐨勪笖褰撶弽鎯?鎴戠浉淇紝鐪熸鍦箮鎴戠殑浜烘槸涓嶄細琚埆浜烘姠璧扮殑錛屾棤璁烘槸鍙嬫儏錛岃繕鏄埍鎯呫傛垜榪樻槸鐩鎬俊錛屾槦鏄熶細璇磋瘽錛岀煶澶翠細寮鑺憋紝絀胯繃

28、澶忓鐨勬湪 鏍呮爮鍜屽啲澶殑椋庨洩涔嬪悗錛屼綘緇堜細鎶佃揪錛?姣忎竴涓笉鏇捐搗鑸炵殑鏃瓙錛岄兘鏄鐢熷懡鐨勮緶璐熴?姣忎釜娓呮櫒閮藉儚涓璁板搷浜殑鑰沖厜錛屾彁閱掓垜錛岃嫢涓嶅浼氶仐蹇橈紝灝辮儗璐熺粷鏈涖?閭竴 騫村澶殑闆?鍍忓涓婄殑鏄熸槦涓鏍峰,緇欐垜緹庝附鐨勬櫞絀?鎴戜滑閮芥湁灝忓皬鐨勪激鍙?鎶婂勾杞葷殑鐖辯紳緙濆張琛,鎴戜細涓鐩寸珯鍦綘宸彸,闄綘鍒版渶鍚庣殑鏈鍚庛?濡傛灉涓寮濮嬪氨鐭亾鏄繖鏍?鐨勭粨灞錛屾垜涓嶇煡閬撹嚜宸辨槸涓嶆槸浼氶偅鏍風殑濂嬩笉欏捐韓銆?榛勬槒鏄竴澶渶緹庝附鐨勬椂鍒伙紝鎰挎瘡涓棰楁祦嫻殑蹇冿紝鍦竴鐩忕伅鍏変笅錛屽緱鍒版案榪滅殑褰掑銆?鍥犱負鏈変簡鍥犱負錛屾墍浠湁浜嗘墍 浠

29、傛棦鐒跺凡鎴愭棦鐒訛紝浣曞繀鍐嶈浣曞繀銆傛兂蹇墊槸浜烘渶鏃犲鐨勬椂鍊欏敮涓鑳藉仛鐨勪簨鎯呫備綘鍙楃殑鑻紝浼氱収浜綘鐨勮礬銆?鎴戝笇鏈涙湁涓浣犱竴鑸殑浜恒? 濡傝繖灞遍棿娓呮櫒涓鑸槑浜竻鐖界殑浜猴紝濡傚璧村彜鍩庨亾璺笂闃沖厜涓鑸殑浜猴紝娓殩鑰屼笉鐐欑儹錛岃鐩栨垜鎵鏈夎倢鑲傜敱璧風偣鍒板鏅氾紝鐢卞北閲庡埌涔埧錛屼竴鍒囬棶棰樼殑絳旀閮藉緢綆鍗曘?鎴戝笇鏈涙湁涓浣犱竴鑸殑浜猴紝璐交鏈潵錛屾暟閬嶇敓鍛界殑鍏礬鐗屻?宀佹湀鏋佺編錛屽湪浜庡畠蹇呯劧鐨勬祦閫濄傛槬鑺便佺鏈堛佸鏃佸啲闆騫剁敤紼嬭繖涓哄啀騫翠綑鐢燂紝椋庨洩鏄綘錛屾垚澶氭瘡鍐?娣槸浣狅紝娓呰傳鏄綘錛岃崳鍗庢槸浣狅紝蹇冨簳娓煍鏄綘錛屽茍鐢厜鎵鍐呬負鐣

30、岋紝涔熸槸浣犮備釜浜虹殑閬亣錛屽懡榪愮殑澶氳垱閮戒嬌鎴戣榪垚鐔燂紝榪欎竴鍒囩殑浠環(huán)閮藉綋鏄棩鍚庢椿涓嬪幓鐨勫姏閲忋傞?浣犵殑鐧借壊娌欐紡,鏄竴涓叧浜庢垚闀跨殑紺肩墿,濡傛灉鑳界粰浣犵埍鍜屾劅鍔?鎴戞槸澶氫箞鐨勫垢紱?鎴戞湁榪囧緢澶氱殑鏈嬪弸,娌湁璋佸儚浣犱竴鏍風殑娓煍,姣忓綋浣犵壍璧鋒垜鐨勬墜,鎴戝氨蹇樻帀浠涔堟槸蹇剚銆傚緢 澶氭晠浜嬩笉灝辨槸鍥犱負娌湁緇撳眬鎵嶆湁浜嗙戶緇瓑涓嬪幓鐨勭悊鐢便?鏈変簺浜猴紝鏈変簺浜?鏄笉鏄綘鎯沖繕璁?灝辯湡鐨勮兘蹇樿?涔熻鏈夐偅涔堜竴涓椂渚紝浣犲拷鐒朵細瑙夊緱寰堢粷鏈涳紝瑙夊緱鍏笘鐣?閮借儗寮冧簡浣狅紝媧葷潃灝辨槸鎵挎媴灞堣頸鍜岀棝鑻傝繖涓椂鍊欎綘瑕佸鑷繁璇達紝

31、娌叧緋伙紝寰堝浜洪兘鏄繖鏍烽暱澶殑銆傞騫蟲氮闈欑殑浜虹敓鏄腑騫翠互鍚庣殑榪芥眰銆傚綋浣犲皻鍦勾灝戯紝浣犲彈鐨勮嫤錛?鍚冪殑浜忥紝鎷呯殑璐紝鎵涚殑緗紝蹇嶇殑鐥涳紝鍒版渶鍚庨兘浼氬彉鎴愬厜錛岀収浜綘鐨勮礬銆?浣犺鍋氫竴涓笉鍔鑹茬殑澶漢浜嗐備笉鍑嗘儏緇寲錛屼笉鍑嗗伔鍋鋒兂蹇碉紝涓嶅噯鍥炲鐪嬨傚幓榪囪嚜宸卞彟澶栫殑 鐢熸椿銆備綘瑕佸惉璇濓紝涓嶆槸鎵鏈夌殑楸奸兘浼氱敓媧誨湪鍚屼竴鐗囨搗閲屻傛湁浜鴻錛岄瞾榪呮槸鏉傛枃錛岃儭閫傛槸璇勮錛涢瞾榪呮槸閰掞紝鑳傛槸姘淬傞厭璁漢鐪嬪埌鐪熸儏錛屼篃鐪嬪埌鐧媯錛屽敮鏈夋按錛屾墠 鏄棩甯告墍闇錛屾槸鐪熺敓媧匯傛湁鏃跺欎細寰堣嚜璞湴瑙夊緱錛屾垜鍞竴鐨勪紭鍔垮氨鏄紝姣斾綘鍗戝井銆備簬鏄嚜鐢便傚啀涔熻涓嶅埌浼犱笘鐨勬獎鏂囷紝鍙墿涓嬪粖鏌變笂榫欓鍑垶鐨勬鑱斻傚啀涔熸壘涓嶈 鎱鋒叏鐨勯仐鎭紝鍙墿涓嬪嚑搴棦鍙嚟鍚婁篃鍙紤鎭殑浜彴銆傚啀涔熶笉鍘繪湡寰呭巻鍙茬殑闇囬錛屽彧鏈夊嚊鐒