潤滑油添加劑的應(yīng)用

1、潤滑油添加劑的應(yīng)用The Application of Lubricating Oil Additive摘要：現(xiàn)代設(shè)備對潤滑材料的耐高溫、高壓、高速、防腐蝕等要求越來越高，近年來潤滑油技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，特別是潤滑油添加劑的應(yīng)用，從而大大改善了設(shè)備的潤滑狀態(tài)，確保設(shè)備高效、安全運(yùn)行。Abstract: Equipments of nowadays have proposed higher and higher requirements for lubricating material that can resist high temperature, extreme pressure and co

2、rrosion. As the development of lubricating oil in recent years, especially the application of lubricating additive , the lubricating conditions of equipments have been improved a lot, ensuring the equipments operate efficiently and safely.關(guān)鍵詞：潤滑技術(shù)發(fā)展 添加劑應(yīng)用 改善設(shè)備潤滑狀態(tài)Key Words: Lubricating Technology De

3、velopment Application of Lubricating Additive Promote the condition of equipments我國每年潤滑油每年消耗潤滑油480萬噸，而這480萬噸的潤滑油牽連著數(shù)以億計的設(shè)備，這對設(shè)備狀態(tài)優(yōu)劣至關(guān)重要，所以潤滑是設(shè)備運(yùn)行的靈魂和生命線！設(shè)備潤滑管理是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的一件大事，已引起普遍關(guān)注，當(dāng)然也要看到目前國內(nèi)潤滑油回收率還不到10%，流失，浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重，令人十分可惜！由于設(shè)備管理與維修人員對潤滑技術(shù)不了解，造成擇油不合理，潤滑管理不善造成設(shè)備嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，由于潤滑不良及潤滑失效造成的設(shè)備事故和故障已高達(dá)65%以上！設(shè)備潤滑是一項(xiàng)

4、投入很少，但產(chǎn)出效益很高的工作，一定要給予充分重視，并認(rèn)真做好。Annual consumption of lubricating oil in our country is 4,800,000Ton which means to involve billions of machines. Lubricating oil is essential to equipments condition, being the soul and lifeblood to equipments operation. Equipments lubrication is very important to in

5、dustry production, which should be paid overall attention. However, we have to keep the fact in mind that recycle of lubricating oil is less than 10% at home at present, so it is regarded that too much lubricants has been wasted. For management and maintenance staff know little things about lubricat

6、ing technology, they may choose improper lubricating oil and their poor lubricating management will bring serious damage to the equipments. According to the statistics, equipments accidents and damages caused by lubrication inefficiency and lubrication failure have achieved to more than 65%. Equipme

7、nts lubrication invests less with higher profit, so it must be given high attention and caution. 一、 潤滑材料的選用在機(jī)械的摩擦副之間加入某種介質(zhì)，使其減少摩擦和磨損，這種介質(zhì)成為潤滑材料，有潤滑油、潤滑脂等，也稱為潤滑劑。由于摩擦副的類型和性質(zhì)不同，相應(yīng)地對潤滑材料的要求和選用也有所不同。按摩擦副對潤滑材料性能的要求，合理選用潤滑材料，才能減小摩擦、降低磨損、延長設(shè)備的使用壽命，從而達(dá)到節(jié)約能源、保證設(shè)備正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的目的。尤其是現(xiàn)代的高精度、高速度、高效率的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，對潤滑材料的

8、耐高溫、高壓、高速、腐蝕等要求越來越高。I Selection of Lubricating Material Certain material, which is added between rubbing pair of equipments to reduce friction, are called lubricating material, such as lubricating oil and lubricating grease, and it is also named lubricants. Because there are different types and char

9、acter of rubbing material, accordingly there are different requirements and selections of lubricating materials. Therefore, only proper selection of lubricating material will reduce friction and wear, and increase equipments service life with benefits of energy-saving, normal operation and economic

10、profits. Especially for those modern equipments with characteristics of high precision, speed and efficiency that propose higher and higher requirement for lubricating material with characteristics of anti high temperature, extreme pressure, high speed, corrosion.1. 潤滑油的性能指標(biāo)1. Performance Index of L

11、ubricating Oil(1) 黏度：在一定溫度下測定潤滑油流動時內(nèi)部阻力大小的數(shù)值，是潤滑油的一項(xiàng)主要指標(biāo)。我國常用的黏度單位為斯托克斯（cSt），有時也用恩氏黏度（。Et）。（1）Viscosity：The value of internal resistance when lubricating oil flows under certain temperature is an important index of lubricating oil. The commonly used unit of viscosity in our nation is Stokes (cSt), b

12、ut sometimes Engler Viscosity is also used to refer it.(2) 水分：以油中含水量占油重量的百分比表示。水分能破壞油膜，形成泡沫或乳化，引起金屬銹蝕、降低油品絕緣性等。(2) Water: It is expressed by the percentage of water contained in the oil. Water will destroy oil film, and form foam or emulsify, which will make metal corrosive, decrease oils insulating

13、 quality.(3) 機(jī)械雜質(zhì)：油中溫沉淀和懸浮的不溶解物質(zhì)，如灰塵、砂粒、金屬粉屑等，以含量百分比表示。雜質(zhì)容易堵塞油路，加劇摩擦副的磨損，在電器設(shè)備中會降低油的絕緣性能等。(3) Mechanical Impurity: It is showed by the contained percentage of insoluble subsistence that deposit or float in the oil, such as ash, sand, metal particles and so on. Oil line is easy to be blocked by the i

14、mpurity, aggravating the friction between rubbing pair and decrease the oils insulating quality in the electrical equipments.(4) 閃點(diǎn)與燃點(diǎn)：把潤滑油加熱蒸發(fā)出的油蒸氣與空氣形成一定濃度的混合氣體，在接觸火焰時產(chǎn)生短暫閃火，此時的油溫即為閃點(diǎn)。閃火時間長達(dá)5秒鐘以上時的油溫為燃點(diǎn)。閃點(diǎn)是油品的安全性指標(biāo)。油品的最高工作溫度一般應(yīng)低于閃點(diǎn)以下30。(4) Flash Point and Condensation Point: When heat the lubricat

15、ing oil, it will form a certain concentrated gas mixture of oil vapor and air. When the gas mixture meet blaze, oil temperature that initiate a temporary flame is called flash point. If the flaming time survives more than 5 seconds, it is the flaming point of oil temperature. Flash point is a safety

16、 index of oil, for oils maximum working temperature should below 30 of flash point. (5) 凝固點(diǎn)：將油品冷卻至不流動時的最高溫度，亦即在45傾角下油面保持一分鐘不流動時的油溫。對低溫下工作的機(jī)械和車輛，應(yīng)選用低凝固點(diǎn)的潤滑油。(5) Freezing Point: The maximum temperature of oil when it is too cold to flow keeps the oil still for one minute in the angle of 45. Lubricatin

17、g oil of low freezing point should be chosen for those machines and automobiles working in the cold environment. (6) 酸值：指中和1g潤滑油所需氫氧化鉀的毫克數(shù)，亦即指該油樣中含量的多少。油中的有機(jī)酸極易腐蝕金屬表面，當(dāng)所用油料的酸值大到一定值時即應(yīng)更換。(6) Acid Number: It refers to needed amount of potassium hydroxide which is used to neutralize 1g lubricating oil.

18、 It also means the organic acid content in the oil, which is easy to corrosive the metal surface, so thats why the oil should be changed when oil organic acid achieve a certain number. (7) 腐蝕性：將一定大小的銅片、鋼片或鋁片浸入到規(guī)定溫度（一般為100）的油中保持3小時，如金屬表面產(chǎn)生污點(diǎn)或變色，即表示油有腐蝕性，不允許在機(jī)械設(shè)備中使用。(7) Corrosion: Put a certain large

19、piece of copper, steel or aluminum in the oil for 3 hours under prescribed temperature( usually 100). After that if there are stains or change of color, it means the oil has corrosive quality, so it can not be used in machinery. (8) 灰分：指油樣完全燃燒后的殘留物占油樣重量的百分率?；曳执笳f明油品在使用中易形成各炭和結(jié)焦，會加速機(jī)件磨損。(8) Ash: It re

20、fers to the residue percentage after perfect combustion in oil sample. Much ash in the oil is easy to form carbon and coke, which will accelerate friction in the machine.(9) 殘?zhí)浚涸诓煌ㄈ肟諝獾臈l件下把油加熱經(jīng)蒸發(fā)分解和燃燒后生成焦炭狀物質(zhì)殘余物，其重量占試油重量的百分率即表示殘?zhí)恐?。殘?zhí)恐蹈叩挠推芬籽趸?，穩(wěn)定性差，易堵塞油路，加速機(jī)械磨損。(9) Carbon Residue: It refers to carbon r

21、esidue percentage produced by heated, steamed, resolved and burned without air. High carbon residue indicates that the oil tends to be oxidized, unstable and block oil lines, accelerate friction in the machine. (10) 抗乳化速度：在一定條件下將油和水混合，并按規(guī)定攪拌條件使之乳化，再在一定溫度下靜置使其重新兩相分離，所需的時間以分鐘表示，稱為抗乳化速度。油品抗乳化性能好，才能在循環(huán)潤

22、滑系統(tǒng)中起到正常的潤滑作用。(10) The Speed of Demulsibility: It refers to the consumed time in the process that mix oil and water under certain condition, then according to prescription stir until they emulsify, after put it still in a certain temperature making oil separate from water. Unless the oil has the goo

23、d demulsify capability, it can lubricate normally in the recycling lubricating system. 2、潤滑油選用因素2. Elements Involving Selecting Lubricating Oil每臺設(shè)備說明書對設(shè)備潤滑用油或用脂都作了明確規(guī)定，必須參照執(zhí)行。如有可能自選油品，可參照下列因素：Every machines introduction, which should be abided by every user, has clarified the prescription on choosin

24、g lubricating oil and lubricating grease. If it is possible for users to choose oil by themselves, the following elements should be taken into consideration. （1）運(yùn)動速度：速度愈高愈易形成油膜，可選用低黏度的潤滑油來保證油膜的存在，若選用的黏度高，則產(chǎn)生的阻抗大，發(fā)熱量多，會導(dǎo)致溫升過高。低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時，靠油的黏度承載負(fù)荷，應(yīng)選用黏度較高的潤滑油。往復(fù)運(yùn)動和間歇運(yùn)動時速度變化較大，不利于形成油膜，也應(yīng)該用黏度較高的潤滑油。(1) Kinem

25、aticvelocity: The faster speed the easier oil film will be formed. Low viscosity can be chosen to ensure existence of oil film. If use oil of high viscosity, it will bring excessive resistance, heat and temperature. Oil of high viscosity should be chosen in low speed equipments, for it can bear heav

26、y load. Reciprocating motion and intermittent movement change their speed frequently, hence the oil film is not easy to form, so the oil of high viscosity is the proper choice. （2）承載負(fù)荷：一般負(fù)荷越大選用油的黏度應(yīng)愈高，低速重負(fù)荷應(yīng)考慮油品的允許承載能力，邊界潤滑和重負(fù)荷摩擦副應(yīng)選用極壓性好的油。(2) The Capability of carrying the load: Usually, the heavie

27、r load, the oil of higher viscosity should be chosen. Low speed with heavy load should think about oils carrying ability. Boundary lubrication and heavy load rubbing pair should use oil that is excellent of bearing extreme pressure. （3）工作溫度：溫度變化范圍大時，應(yīng)選用黏度高的油品。高溫條件下工作應(yīng)選用黏度和閃點(diǎn)高、灰分低以及殘?zhí)康偷挠推?。低溫條件下工作應(yīng)選用黏

28、度低、水分少、凝固點(diǎn)低的耐低溫油。(3) Workable Temperature: Oil of high viscosity should be chosen if the temperature of working environment changes frequently. Oil of high viscosity and flash point, low ash and carbon residue is suitable for high temperature environment. Cold resistance oil of low viscosity, water,

29、 condensation point can be well applied in low temperature. （4）工作環(huán)境：潮濕環(huán)境及有汽霧的環(huán)境應(yīng)選用抗乳化性強(qiáng)、防銹性好的油品。塵屑飛揚(yáng)的環(huán)境應(yīng)注意防塵密封，并采用有效的過濾裝置。有腐蝕性氣體的環(huán)境應(yīng)改善通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，并選用抗腐蝕性好的油品。(4) Working Environment: It is proper to choose oil of good demulsibility, excellent antirust property in the humid and misty environment. In dusty e

30、nvironment, effective filter system should be used, and attention should be paid to dust-proof and sealing. Ventilation system should be improved if there is the environment of corrosive gas, and use oil of excellent anticorrosion. （5）摩擦副的表面硬度、精度與間隙：當(dāng)表面硬度高、精度高、間隙小時，應(yīng)選用黏度低的油品；反之，則選用黏度較高的油品。(5) Surfac

31、e hardness, precision and gap of rubbing pair: If surface is hard and precise with narrow gap, it is suggested to choose oil of low viscosity. Or else, choose the oil of high viscosity. （6）摩擦副的位置：對垂直導(dǎo)軌、絲杠、外露齒輪、鏈條、鋼絲繩等，因潤滑油容易流失，應(yīng)選用黏度較高的油品。(6) Location of Rubbing Pair: Because lubricating oil loses ea

32、sily, it should choose oil of high viscosity for vertical guide way, lead screw, exposed gear, chain, steel wire rope.（7）潤滑方式：循環(huán)潤滑因供油量大，要求散熱快，應(yīng)選黏度較低的油品。人工間歇澆油時則選用黏度較高的油品。用油線、油芯、油氈及滴油杯等潤滑時，應(yīng)選用有抗氧化添加劑的油品。(7) Lubricating Way: There is a large amount of supplying oil in recycling system, so oil of low v

33、iscosity is a good choice for heat dissipation. When there are people to pour oil intermittently, oil of high viscosity is a good choice. Oil with anti-oxidation additive is suitable when applied in oil line, oil core, felt and oil dripping cup .etc. （8）液壓系統(tǒng)：為了保證液壓系統(tǒng)循環(huán)良好，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，應(yīng)采用液壓油或液壓導(dǎo)軌油。選用時，要考慮工作溫

34、度、工作壓力和油泵類型對黏度的影響。溫度或壓力高時，液壓油的黏度應(yīng)較高，反之應(yīng)較低。工作溫度較高時，齒輪泵、柱塞泵應(yīng)選用黏度較高的液壓油。 (8) Hydraulic System: To make sure the hydraulic system can circulate well and operate stable, hydraulic oil or hydraulic rail oil should be chosen. Workable temperature, pressure and oil pump type that will effect viscosity shoul

35、d be taken into consideration when choose oil. If temperature or pressure is high, hydraulic oil of high viscosity should be chosen. Otherwise, low viscosity is recommended. Gear pump and plunger pump should choose hydraulic oil of higher viscosity. 二、潤滑技術(shù)的新進(jìn)展II. New Advancement of Lubricating Techn

36、ology 多年來潤滑技術(shù)取得很大進(jìn)展，高效、節(jié)能、環(huán)保是今后潤滑研究的發(fā)展方向，也是金屬磨損表面技術(shù)的重要發(fā)展方向。There has been a great deal advancement for lubricating technology. Efficiency, energy saving and environmental friend are the direction for lubrication research in the future, and it also shows the important direction for metal to metal fri

37、ction development. 1、 抓住市場機(jī)遇快速發(fā)展1. Grasp Market Opportunity to Develop in a Sound Speed 2008年7月1日起全國機(jī)動車實(shí)施污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第三階段限值（以下簡稱國三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），而當(dāng)年北京已在全國率先實(shí)施了國四標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，歐盟在2005年就執(zhí)行了歐IV標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（相當(dāng)于國四），實(shí)質(zhì)上向潤滑油市場釋放出一個信號，節(jié)能環(huán)保、創(chuàng)新是潤滑行業(yè)的主旋律。The third limited value stage of waste-emission standards was implemented in 1st, july, 2008

38、for national automobiles (National Standard III for short). Beijing was the first to implement the forth limited value stage which equals to European IV standard that was carried out in 2005. Actually, the policy sends a message to the market that energy saving, environmentally friendly, and innovat

39、ion will be the theme of lubricating industry. 國三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國二標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，其顆粒物與NOX排放分別減少30%，同時國三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確規(guī)定了尾氣排放的限值及測量方法，對發(fā)動機(jī)、燃油、潤滑油的要求都有所提升。如汽油車推薦使用SJ以上的潤滑油，以降低潤滑中的磷含量，減少尾氣排放對三元催化劑（俗稱能媒）失效的可能性；而柴油車推薦使用CH-4或以上機(jī)油。我國現(xiàn)有4000余家潤滑油企業(yè)，其中有很大部分產(chǎn)品定位低端，科技含量較低，面對國三或國四標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只有不斷提升技術(shù)實(shí)力，才能在市場競爭中站穩(wěn)腳跟。Compared to National Standard II, par

40、ticle subsistence and NOX in National Standard III has been reduced by 30%. Meanwhile, National Standard III has clarified the prescription of limited value of emission and its evaluating way, and it also make more strict requirement for engine, fuel and lubricating oil. For example, owners of gasol

41、ine motor car are recommended to use lubricating oil of higher level than SJ, in order to lessen the sulphur content in lubricating oil, reducing the possibility of invalidity for tail gas emission to three-way catalyst. Whereas, owners of diesel motor car are recommended to use CH-4 or higher level

42、 engine oil. There are more than 4000 lubricants manufactures in our nation, and most of them are orientated low side which contains little technology. Facing the challenge of standards III and IV, if they want to survive in the competitive market they must enhance their technology foundation. 2、 潤滑

43、新技術(shù)2. New Technology of Lubricating Oil（1）薄膜潤滑 (1) Thin-film Lubrication隨著制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展，流體潤滑的設(shè)計膜厚正在不斷減少以滿足高性能的要求?；瑒颖砻骈g的潤滑膜厚可達(dá)到納米級或接近分子尺度，這時就在彈流潤滑和邊界潤滑之間出現(xiàn)一種新的潤滑狀態(tài)：薄膜潤滑。薄膜潤滑的另一個特性是時間效應(yīng)。在靜態(tài)的接觸區(qū)內(nèi)的潤滑膜厚度隨時間基本不變；在高速情況下，膜厚度隨時間增加而略有降低；在低速下，膜厚度隨時間增加而不斷增加。As the development of manufacture technology, the thickness

44、of fluid oils designed film has became thinner and thinner in order to satisfy the requirement of high performance. Lubricating film of sliding surface will be in the size of nanometer or approaching molecule. At this moment, there is a new lubricating situation: thin-film lubrication between elasto

45、hydrodynamic lubrication. Thin-film lubrication has another characteristic of time effect. Lubricating oils thickness almost keeps the same as time flies in the statically contacting area; however, it decreases in high speed; and it increases in low speed.（2）潤滑油添加劑 (2) Lubricating Additive近20年來，潤滑油添

46、加劑的研制已取得了重大進(jìn)展，為研究和應(yīng)用高性能潤滑劑奠定了基礎(chǔ)，促進(jìn)了潤滑方式的改進(jìn)。由于摩擦學(xué)和摩擦力化學(xué)的突破性進(jìn)展，使?jié)櫥吞砑觿┑姆N類得以不斷增加，性能不斷提高，而且潤滑油的復(fù)配技術(shù)也得到不斷改進(jìn)和成熟。In the lately 20years, research and development of lubricating additive has made significant progress, setting foundation for researching and applying advanced additive, promoting lubricating wa

47、y. Tanks goes to breakthrough of Tribology and Friction Chemistry, different additive types increased, performance has been promoted, whats more, built technology has been improved and mature consistently. （3）高溫固體潤滑 (3) Solid Lubrication of High Temperature高溫固體潤滑主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：高溫固體潤滑劑和高溫自潤滑材料。常用的高溫固體潤滑劑主

48、要有金屬和一些氧化物、氟化物、無機(jī)含氧酸鹽、如鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽等，另外，還有一些硫化物，如PbS、CrxSy也可作為高溫固體潤滑劑。.高溫自潤滑材料可分為金屬基自潤滑復(fù)合材料，自潤滑合金和自潤滑陶瓷等。金屬基自潤滑復(fù)合材料是指按一定工藝制備的以金屬為基體，其中含有潤滑組分的具有抗磨減摩性能的新型復(fù)合材料，它將潤滑劑與摩擦副合二為一，賦予摩擦副本身以自潤滑性能。自潤滑合金是對合金組元進(jìn)行調(diào)整和優(yōu)化，使合金在摩擦過程中產(chǎn)生的氧化膜具有減摩特性。自潤滑陶瓷包括金屬陶瓷和陶瓷兩大類。Solid lubrication of High temperature mainly embodied in the

49、following two aspects: high temperature solid lubricants and high temperature self-lubricating materials. Commonly used high temperature solid lubricant mainly contains metal, some oxide, fluoride, inorganic acid salt, such as oxygen molybdate, tungsten acid salt etc, in addition, there are some sul

50、fide, such as PbS, CrxSy are also available to high temperature solid lubricant.High temperature self-lubricating materials can be divided into metal-based self-lubricating composite materials, lubricated alloy and self-lubrication ceramics, etc. Metal-based self-lubricating composite materials refe

51、r to base on metal by certain technology, which contains lubrication components of the anti-wear and friction-reducing performance with new type composite materials. It rolls lubricant and rubbing pair into one, endows self-lubrication to rubbing pair. Self-lubricated alloy adjusts and optimizes all

52、oy units, oxidation film formed in the process of rubbing alloy can reduce frictional. Self-lubricating ceramic includes metal ceramics and ceramic.（4）綠色潤滑油綠色潤滑油是指潤滑油不但能滿足機(jī)器工況要求，其油及其耗損產(chǎn)物對生態(tài)環(huán)境不造成危害。因此，以綠色潤滑油取代礦物基潤滑油將是必然的趨勢。圍繞綠色潤滑油研究工作主要集中在基礎(chǔ)油和添加劑上。基礎(chǔ)油是生態(tài)效應(yīng)的決定性因素，而添加劑在基礎(chǔ)油中的相應(yīng)特性和對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響也是必須考慮的因素。從摩擦角度

53、而言，綠色潤滑油及其添加劑，必須滿足油品的性能規(guī)格要求；而從環(huán)境保護(hù)的角度出發(fā)，它們必須具有生物可性解性，較小的生態(tài)毒性累積性。(4)Environmental Lubricating OilEnvironmental lubricating oil can not only satisfy special working conditions, but the oil and its depleted product will do no harm to ecological environment. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend that env

54、ironmental lubricant takes the place of mineral-based oil. Research on environmental lubricants will focus on the base oil and additives. Base oil is the determining factor of ecological effect, and additive in the relevant characteristics and effect to ecological environment must be taken into cons

55、ideration. Speaking of the tribology, environmental lubricants and additives must qualify the performance specifications; start from environmental protection, they must biodegrade, accumulate small ecological toxicity.（5）納米潤滑材料將納米材料應(yīng)用于潤滑體系中，納米材料具有表面積大、高擴(kuò)散性、易燒結(jié)性、熔點(diǎn)降低、硬度增大等特點(diǎn)，不但可以在摩擦表面形成一層易剪切的薄膜，降低摩擦系

56、數(shù)，而且可能對摩擦表面進(jìn)行一定程度的填補(bǔ)和修復(fù)。(5) Nano Lubrication MaterialsNona material applies in lubricating system, since its has large surface area, high spreading character, easy sintering trait, low melting point, increased hardness etc. It can reduce friction index by forming a thin film that can be easily shear

57、ed. Besides, in a certain degree it also takes effect in spot priming and restoration.三、潤滑油添加劑應(yīng)用III. Application of Lubricating Additive為改善油品的性能及質(zhì)量而添加一種或幾種少量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)稱為添加劑。In order to help improve oil character and performance, one or more than one chemical substance are added are additives.添加劑的種類很

58、多，從作用來看主要分為兩大類：一類是能以改善潤滑油物理性能的；另一類是改善潤滑油化學(xué)性質(zhì)的。There are various additives, but it can be classified mainly two types by functions: I. it can help to improve oil physical character; II. It can help to improve oil physical character.1、 潤滑油添加劑工作原理1. Working Theory of Lubricating Additive由于潤滑油中加入了高效添加劑，

59、而絕大多數(shù)添加劑是極性物質(zhì)，這些極性物質(zhì)與金屬表面發(fā)生反應(yīng)，形成化學(xué)吸附膜，代替了后來潤滑膜，使膜更加牢靠，潤滑性能更好。另外，摩擦副在局部高溫度壓下，添加劑分解出硫、磷、氯等極性物質(zhì)，這些極性物質(zhì)與金屬反應(yīng)，也會生成反應(yīng)物，防止了膠合的發(fā)生。同時，由于添加劑的存在增加了接觸面積，降低了接觸應(yīng)力；使表面逐漸趨于光滑，從而大大地改善了潤滑狀態(tài)。Adding additive into lubricating oil will improve lubricating performance by making oil film adhere closer, because most additive is polar material that reacts with metal surface material, f