賓語從句用法講解

1、賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時態(tài)：1主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時。2主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。3主句用過去時，從句是真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。1.賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句.He told that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他下一年上大學.I dont know if there will be a

2、 bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎?I dont know whom you should depend on.我

3、不知道你該依靠誰.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Could you

4、 please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示給我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.2.動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us that they would help us though the whol

5、e work.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的. 部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there a

6、re no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會,感覺非

7、常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時尋要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.He will have it

8、 that our plan is really practical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we h

9、ad learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學到的東西都是有用的.3.介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引

10、導的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.4.形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾

11、你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.5.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留

12、下。 避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.6.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導詞that當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;當賓語從句較長時;當主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時;當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;

13、當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;在直接引語中,轉述分句把賓語從句隔開時.7.賓語從句的否定轉移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.我認為他不會來我的舞會.I dont believe that man is ki

14、lled by Jim,is he?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是?8.賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當主句為現(xiàn)在時或將來時的時候,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當主句為過去時的時候從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I di

15、dnt know what country he was in.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀.從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關會議的事情告訴的了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter a

16、sked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時候不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉.當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導詞置于句首Who do you think the public

17、might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.賓語從句，即：在主句中擔當賓語的從句。學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。 連接詞一般都是that(指事務或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或將that省略，直接與主句相連。 2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whetherornot結構中不能用if替換。 3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。 注意：當who為

18、主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他三：判斷時態(tài)情況： 1。主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況 2。主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應過去時態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. won C. will win D. wins3. I dont know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if

19、 C. that D. whoThe soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：選B，動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動詞used

20、的賓語，use sth. as“把用作whether + or not 賓語從句，在復合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后； eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？ 注：(1)主、從句時態(tài)一致： 主句謂語過去時，從句相應過去時； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意問句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，應轉移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應與從句主、謂保持一致