潮流上機課程設計報告.華電

1、電力系統(tǒng)潮流上機課程設計報告院系班級：學號：學生姓名：指導教師：設計周數(shù)成績：日期：年月日一、課程設計的目的與要求培養(yǎng)學生的電力系統(tǒng)潮流計算機編程能力，掌握計算機潮流計算的相關知識二、設計正文（詳細內(nèi)容見附錄）1.手算： 要求應用牛頓-拉夫遜法或P-Q分解法手算求解，要求精度為0.001MW。節(jié)點1為平衡節(jié)點，電壓，節(jié)點2為PQ節(jié)點，負荷功率，節(jié)點3是PV節(jié)點，兩條支路分別為，對地支路。2.計算機計算：編寫潮流計算程序，要求如下：2.1據(jù)給定的潮流計算任務書整理潮流計算的基礎數(shù)據(jù)：節(jié)點的分類，線路模型，等值變壓器模型，電壓等級的歸算，標幺值的計算；2.2基礎數(shù)據(jù)的計算機存儲：節(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)，支路數(shù)據(jù)

2、（包括變壓器）；2.3用牛頓-拉夫遜法計算；2.4根據(jù)所選潮流計算方法畫流程圖，劃分出功能模塊，有數(shù)據(jù)輸入模塊，導納陣形成模塊，解線性方程組模塊，計算不平衡功率模塊，形成雅可比矩陣模塊，解修正方程模塊，計算線路潮流，網(wǎng)損，PV節(jié)點無功功率和平衡節(jié)點功率，數(shù)據(jù)輸出模塊；2.5據(jù)上述模塊編制程序并上機調(diào)試程序，得出潮流計算結果；2.6源程序及其程序中的符號說明集、程序流圖簡單系統(tǒng)如下圖所示，支路數(shù)據(jù)如下：，節(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)如下：，1)節(jié)點導納陣#include #include #include #include LF.h/form node conductance matrixintMakeY( int

3、nB, intnL, Line* sL, double* YG, double* YB )inti,j,l;double r,x,d1,g,b,t;for(i=0;inB;i+)for(j=0;jnB;j+)YGij=0.0;YBij=0.0;for(i=0;inL;i+)r=sLi.R;x=sLi.X;g=r/(r*r+x*x);b=-x/(r*r+x*x);switch(sLi.Type)case 1:/Linebreak;case 2:/Transformerg*=1/sLi.K;b*=1/sLi.K;break;YGsLi.NumIsLi.NumI+=g;YGsLi.NumJsLi.N

4、umJ+=g;YGsLi.NumIsLi.NumJ-=g;YGsLi.NumJsLi.NumI-=g;YBsLi.NumIsLi.NumI+=b+sLi.B;YBsLi.NumJsLi.NumJ+=b+sLi.B;YBsLi.NumIsLi.NumJ-=b;YBsLi.NumJsLi.NumI-=b;printf(實部：n);for(i=0;inB;i+)for(j=0;jnB;j+)printf(%lft,YGij);printf(n);printf(虛部：n);for(i=0;inB;i+)for(j=0;jnB;j+)printf(%lft,YBij);printf(n);/* Chec

5、k the Y matrix */ofstreamfout(out.txt);fout -Y Matrix- endl;for(i=0;inB;i+)for(j=0;jnB;j+)fout YGij +j YBij t;foutendl;fout.close();return 0;2）計算功率不平衡量#include #include #include #include LF.h/form delta p and delta qintCalDeltaPQ( intnpv, intnpq, Bus* bus, double* YG, double* YB, int* p_Jtobus, doub

6、le* deltaf )intk,i,j;for(k=0;knpv+npq*2;k+) i=p_Jtobusk;if(knpv) deltafk=busi.GenP-busi.LoadP;for(j=0;jnpv+npq+1;j+)deltafk-=busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)+YBij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);printf(PV節(jié)點%d的有功功率是%lfn,i,deltafk);if(k=npv) deltafk=busi.GenP-busi.LoadP;for(j=0;jnpv+npq

7、+1;j+) deltafk-=busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)+YBij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);printf(PQ節(jié)點%d的有功功率是%lfn,i,deltafk);if(k=npv+npq)deltafk=busi.GenQ-busi.LoadQ;for(j=0;jnpv+npq+1;j+) deltafk-=busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)-YBij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);print

8、f(PQ節(jié)點%d的無功功率是 %lfn,i,deltafk);return 0;3）雅各比矩陣的計算/*Purpose: for undergraduate courseTask: Load FlowCopyright NCEPU, Liu Chongru*/#include #include #include #include LF.h/form Jacobian matrixintFormJacobian( intnpv, intnpq, Bus* bus, double* YG, double* YB, int* p_Jtobus, double* Jac )intnp = npv+np

9、q,j,k,i,m;/TODOdouble a14,q14;for(k=0;knpv+npq*2;k+) i=p_Jtobusk;ai=0; qi=0;if(knp)/H Nfor(j=0;jnp+1;j+)if(j!=i) ai+=busj.Volt*(YGij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)-YBij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase); qi+=busj.Volt*(YGij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)+YBij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);for(m=0;mnpv+npq*2;m+)j=p_Jt

10、obusm;if(j!=i) if(mnp) Jackm=busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)-YBij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);/Form H else Jackm=busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)+YBij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);/Form Nelse if(j=i)if(mnp)Jackm=-busi.Volt*ai;/Form H else Jackm=busi.Volt*qi+2*bu

11、si.Volt*busi.Volt*YGij;/Form Nelsefor(j=0;jnp+1;j+)if(j!=i) ai+=busj.Volt*(YGij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)-YBij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase); qi+=busj.Volt*(YGij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)+YBij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);for(m=0;mnpv+npq*2;m+)j=p_Jtobusm;if(j!=i)if(mnp) Jackm=-busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGi

12、j*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)+YBij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);/Form JelseJackm=busi.Volt*busj.Volt*(YGij*sin(busi.Phase-busj.Phase)-YBij*cos(busi.Phase-busj.Phase);/Form Lelse if(j=i) if(mnp)Jackm=busi.Volt*qi;elseJackm=busi.Volt*ai-2*busi.Volt*busi.Volt*YBij;for(i=0;inp+npq;i+)for(int j=0;jnp+npq;j+

13、)printf(%d %d %f ,i,j,Jacij);printf(n);/Output the matrix to check the Jacobian matrixofstreamfout(out.txt,ios:app);fout -Jacobian Matrix- endl;for(i=0; inp+npq;i+ )for(j=0; jnp+npq; j+ )foutJacij t;foutendl;fout.close();return 0;4）線路損耗/8.calculate the power flow double* p_Pij, *p_Qij, *p_Pji, *p_Qj

14、i;p_Pij = new doublenL;p_Qij = new doublenL;p_Pji = new doublenL;p_Qji = new doublenL;int x1,x2;for( i=0; inL; i+ )x1=linei.NumI;x2=linei.NumJ;if(linei.Type=1)p_Piji=busx1.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YGx1x2)-busx1.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YGx1x2)*cos(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase)+(-YBx1x2)*sin(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase);p_

15、Qiji=-busx1.Volt*busx1.Volt*(linei.B+(-YBx1x2)-busx1.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YGx1x2)*sin(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase)-(-YBx1x2)*cos(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase); p_Pjii=busx2.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YGx2x1)-busx2.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YGx2x1)*cos(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase)+(-YBx2x1)*sin(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase);p_Qjii=-busx2

16、.Volt*busx2.Volt*(linei.B+(-YBx2x1)-busx2.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YGx2x1)*sin(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase)-(-YBx2x1)*cos(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase);elsep_Piji=busx1.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YGx1x2)/linei.K-busx1.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YGx1x2)*cos(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase)+(-YBx1x2)*sin(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase); p_Qiji=-busx

17、1.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YBx1x2)/linei.K+linei.B)-busx1.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YGx1x2)*sin(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase)-(-YBx1x2)*cos(busx1.Phase-busx2.Phase); p_Pjii=busx2.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YGx2x1*linei.K)-busx2.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YGx2x1)*cos(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase)+(-YBx2x1)*sin(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase); p_Qjii

18、=-busx2.Volt*busx2.Volt*(-YBx2x1)*linei.K+linei.B)-busx2.Volt*busx1.Volt*(-YGx2x1)*sin(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase)-(-YBx2x1)*cos(busx2.Phase-busx1.Phase);/p and q of PH bus and PV busint s=0;double p9,q9,Ps9,Qs9,PS=0,QS=0;for( i=0; inB; i+ )pi=0;qi=0;for(int j=0; jnB; j+ )pi+=(busj.Volt*(YGij)*cos(busj

19、.Phase)-busj.Volt*(YBij)*sin(busj.Phase); qi-=(busj.Volt*(YGij)*sin(busj.Phase)+busj.Volt*(YBij)*cos(busj.Phase); Psi=busi.Volt*cos(busi.Phase)*pi-busi.Volt*sin(busi.Phase)*qi; Qsi=busi.Volt*cos(busi.Phase)*qi+busi.Volt*sin(busi.Phase)*pi;for(i=0;inB;i+)PS+=Psi;QS+=Qsi;printf(PS=%7.7f,QS=%7.7fn,PS,Q

20、S);/lossdoublePloss=0, Qloss=0;for( i=0; in?計算雅客比矩陣各元素增加迭代次數(shù)k=k+1增加節(jié)點號i=i+1解修正方程，由及雅客比矩陣用高斯法求各節(jié)點的電壓增量計算節(jié)點的新電壓求出迭代是否收斂停止計算平衡節(jié)點的功率及線路功率6）得到的數(shù)據(jù)（out.txt）-Y Matrix-0+j-17.36110+j00+j00+j17.36110+j00+j00+j00+j00+j00+j00+j-160+j00+j00+j00+j00+j160+j00+j00+j00+j00+j-17.06480+j00+j00+j00+j00+j00+j17.06480+j1

21、7.36110+j00+j03.30738+j-39.3089-1.36519+j11.6041-1.94219+j10.51070+j00+j00+j00+j00+j00+j0-1.36519+j11.60412.55279+j-17.33820+j0-1.1876+j5.975130+j00+j00+j00+j00+j0-1.94219+j10.51070+j03.2242+j-15.84090+j00+j0-1.28201+j5.588240+j00+j160+j00+j0-1.1876+j5.975130+j02.80473+j-35.4456-1.61712+j13.6980+j00

22、+j00+j00+j00+j00+j00+j0-1.61712+j13.6982.77221+j-23.3032-1.15509+j9.784270+j00+j00+j17.06480+j00+j0-1.28201+j5.588240+j0-1.15509+j9.784272.4371+j-32.1539-Jacobian Matrix-16.40000-16.400000000017.491500000-17.49150000000040.1703-11.6041-10.51070003.30738-1.36519-1.9421900000-11.604117.57920-5.9751300

23、-1.365192.552790-1.18760000-10.5107016.098900-5.58824-1.9421903.224200-1.28201-16.400-5.97513036.0731-13.69800-1.187602.80473-1.61712000000-13.69823.4822-9.78427000-1.617122.77221-1.155090-17.491500-5.588240-9.7842732.86400-1.282010-1.155092.437100-3.307381.365191.9421900038.4474-11.6041-10.51070000

24、01.36519-2.5527901.187600-11.604117.09720-5.9751300001.942190-3.2242001.28201-10.5107015.582900-5.588240001.18760-2.804731.6171200-5.97513034.8181-13.6980000001.61712-2.772211.15509000-13.69823.1242-9.7842700001.2820101.15509-2.437100-5.588240-9.7842731.4437-Jacobian Matrix-16.92690000-16.9269000001

25、.6879300018.169100000-18.1691000000.0041.9297-12.1301-11.15360003.54272-1.0628-1.7664600000-12.045518.06090-6.0153900-1.781381.308190-2.102620000-11.0484016.814400-5.76607-2.3360802.4259800-1.97778-16.926900-6.36224037.9476-14.658500-0.03.05959-0.000000-14.472124.8873-10.4152000-2.5091.86088-1.47389

26、0-18.169100-6.051570-10.472134.692800-0.0-0.2.662700-3.521491.06281.7664600042.0299-12.1301-11.1536000001.78138-3.88402.1026200-12.045517.20370-6.0153900002.336080-4.31386001.97778-11.0484016.299300-5.766071.68793000.0-2.975490.00-6.36224038.3226-14.65850000002.509-3.982891.47389000-14.472124.2355-1

27、0.415200.000.00.-2.6089300-6.051570-10.472134.8585-Jacobian Matrix-16.74570000-16.7457000001.6304300018.038800000-18.0388000000.0041.3695-11.8919-10.96860003.48069-1.02775-1.7371200000-11.805717.69180-5.886100-1.76021.280910-2.02170000-10.8651016.547600-5.68251-2.2973702.4065500-1.91027-16.745700-6.

28、21183037.3041-14.346500-0.02.95313-0.000000-14.170424.4052-10.2348000-2.429091.86079-1.433530-18.038800-5.946930-10.287234.27300-0.0-0.2.5984700-3.480891.027751.7371200041.3703-11.8919-10.9686000001.7602-3.7818902.021700-11.805716.69410-5.886100002.297370-4.20764001.91027-10.8651015.948800-5.682511.

29、63043000.0-2.950770.00-6.21183037.3083-14.34650000002.42909-3.862621.43353000-14.170423.7059-10.234800.000.00.-2.5970600-5.946930-10.287234.2743-Jacobian Matrix-16.74350000-16.7435000001.6300018.037400000-18.0374000000.850041.3625-11.8888-10.96640003.48016-1.02713-1.7366200000-11.802617.68710-5.8845

30、00-1.760081.280530-2.020450000-10.8628016.544400-5.68158-2.2970302.4063200-1.90929-16.743500-6.20987037.296-14.342600-0.02.95114-0.000000-14.166724.3994-10.2326000-2.427941.86097-1.433020-18.037400-5.945670-10.28534.268100-0.0-0.2.5973400-3.480161.027131.7366200041.3625-11.8888-10.9664000001.76008-3

31、.7805302.0204500-11.802616.68710-5.884500002.297030-4.20632001.90929-10.8628015.944400-5.681581.63000.0-2.951140.00-6.20987037.296-14.34260000002.42794-3.860971.43302000-14.166723.6994-10.232600.85000.00.-2.5973400-5.945670-10.28534.2681-iteration- iteration = 4-voltage magnitude and angle-1.04001.0

32、250.9.280011.0250.4.664761.02579-0.-2.216790.-0.-3.988811.01265-0.-3.68741.025770.3.71971.015880.0.1.032350.1.96672-bus P and Q-10.716410.21.630.30.85-0.4005-1.25-0.56-0.9-0.37008-1-0.35900-line flow-NUM-i-j-begin-end-141-0.71641+j-0.0.71641+j0.27046272-1.63+j0.1.63+j0.393-0.85+j0.0.85+j-0.4780.+j-0

33、.-0.+j-0.5980.+j0.-0.+j-0.6750.+j-0.-0.+j-0.7960.+j-0.-0.+j-0.854-0.+j-0.0.+j0.964-0.+j-0.0.+j0.-Ploss and Qloss-Ploss = 0.Qloss = -0.3.思考題3.1潮流計算的方法有哪些？各有何特點？答：潮流計算分為手算和機算兩大類，其中機算又有高斯-賽德爾迭代法、牛頓-拉夫遜迭代法、P-Q分解法等算法。特點：手算求解潮流一般只用在簡單的網(wǎng)絡中，其計算量大，對于多節(jié)點的網(wǎng)絡用手算一般難以解決問題，但通過手算可以加深物理概念的理解，還可以在運用計算機計算前以手算求取某些原始數(shù)據(jù)。

34、高斯-賽德爾迭代法：算法簡單，對初值的要求不高，但需要迭代的次數(shù)多，收斂的速度慢，在早期的潮流計算程序中應用很多，之后逐漸被牛頓-拉夫遜迭代法所取代，但仍可作為計算程序前幾次迭代的算法，以彌補后者對初值要求高的缺點。牛頓-拉夫遜迭代法：是常用的解非線性方程組的方法，也是當前廣泛采用的計算潮流的方法，其收斂速度快，幾次迭代就可以得到最終的結果。但其缺點是要求初值的選擇得比較接近它們的精確值，否則迭代過程可能不收斂。P-Q分解法潮流計算：派生于以極坐標表示時的牛頓-拉夫遜法，其根據(jù)電力系統(tǒng)的特點，對后者的修正方程做了簡化，P-Q分解法的系數(shù)矩陣B和B”代替了牛拉法中的雅可比矩陣J，階數(shù)降低，其中的

35、元素在迭代過程中不發(fā)生變化，而且元素對稱，這些都大大提高了運算速度，而且精確度幾乎不受影響。P-Q分解法的收斂特性接近于直線，而牛頓-拉夫遜的收斂速度要比P-Q分解法快，但是由于牛頓-拉夫遜每次迭代都要形成雅客比矩陣，所以一次迭代的時間比P-Q分解法長。3.2 如果交給你一個任務，請你用已有的潮流計算軟件計算北京城市電網(wǎng)的潮流，你應該做哪些工作？（收集哪些數(shù)據(jù)，如何整理，計算結果如何分析） 有現(xiàn)有的潮流計算軟件分析北京城市電網(wǎng)的潮流，主要收集以下數(shù)據(jù)：(1)北京城市電網(wǎng)中所有的節(jié)點支路的相關數(shù)據(jù)，并對節(jié)點和支路分類處理PQ節(jié)點要了解節(jié)點的注入有功和無功功率PV節(jié)點要了解節(jié)點電壓大小注入有功功率及節(jié)點所能提供的最大和最小無功功率對于平衡節(jié)點要了解節(jié)點的電壓大小相位、