系動(dòng)詞分類用法

1、初中系動(dòng)詞總復(fù)習(xí)定義系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)（亦稱補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說(shuō)明：有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，例如：He feels ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（feel是系動(dòng)詞，后跟補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)情況。） 分類1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。（表示主語(yǔ)的身份性質(zhì)）He is ill. 他病了。（表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)）2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀

2、況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示看起來(lái)像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來(lái)很傷心。4）感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth fe

3、els very soft. 這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。5）變化系動(dòng)詞這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short time. 她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)

4、有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果） 注意事項(xiàng)系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，后面必須與表語(yǔ)連用。復(fù)習(xí)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題： 1. be是最重要的系動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)不同，be的形式也不同，且有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。通常表示主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)和身份等，后面接形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、v-ing、過(guò)去分詞及表語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)。特別要注意“由be+過(guò)去分詞”所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“由be+過(guò)去分詞”所構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。前者側(cè)重于表示主語(yǔ)的

5、特征或所處的狀態(tài)，通常沒(méi)有由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)。如：The door was closed. 后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所示動(dòng)作的承受者，表示動(dòng)作；句中可以用由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)。如：The door was closed by me.還要注意“由be+ V-ing所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“由be+ V-ing”所構(gòu)成的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。前者側(cè)重于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)具有的特征或存在的狀態(tài)，也可說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么。如：My job is teaching English.后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的系

6、動(dòng)詞。表示人體感官的系動(dòng)詞有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容詞；表示主語(yǔ)從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容詞、名詞或 to be+形容詞，become后面接單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前要用不定冠詞，turn后面接單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前不用不定冠詞；表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示狀態(tài)的形容詞；表示判斷的系動(dòng)詞有seem和appear，后面接形容詞、to

7、be+名詞或形容詞、that-clause、不定式等。3. 要注意系動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。常見(jiàn)的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4.要特別注意某些動(dòng)詞既可以做系動(dòng)詞，又可以做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的用法。系動(dòng)詞部分主要注意：其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞做表語(yǔ)。遇到這種情況，只能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對(duì)后面的詞性和詞義做出正確判斷和選擇。以taste一詞為例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite

8、unique.（這種新研制的軟飲料嘗起來(lái)挺獨(dú)特的。注意：在這句話里，taste做系動(dòng)詞，不能使用進(jìn)行時(shí)，后面接形容詞。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（廚師長(zhǎng)正在品嘗這道魚。注意：在這句話中，taste做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，可以使用進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且后面接副詞做狀語(yǔ)。） 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. What is Mr Wang like?_.A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds_.A.

9、friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true5. His voice_ as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt_ as i

10、f it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It _that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems9. These apples taste_.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. Do you like the sh

11、irt?Yes, it _ very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark.A. going B. getting C. running D. coming13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is provi

12、ng D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She_ like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow.A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He _ much younger than he really is.A. appears B. grows C. be

13、comes D. turns 18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick?A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked19. His wish to become a driver has _true.A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown20. Her father _a writer.A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become怎樣區(qū)分半連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞多有自己的意思，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞，或與之相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

14、詞類、短語(yǔ)、從句）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。最常用的連系動(dòng)詞為be（是）動(dòng)詞，即完全連系動(dòng)詞，另外還有l(wèi)ook，turn，feel，get，become，sound，smell，stand，go，remain等半連系動(dòng)詞。無(wú)論是完全連系動(dòng)詞還是半連系動(dòng)詞、后面都有表語(yǔ)。由于半連系動(dòng)詞是由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的，那如何分辨該動(dòng)詞為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞還是半連系動(dòng)詞呢？這對(duì)初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)感到有點(diǎn)困難，我在教學(xué)中嘗試用比較法和替換法，使學(xué)生較能接受。1比較法比較下列各組句子(1) A Please look at the blackboard請(qǐng)看黑板。B He looked a perfect fool他看上去是個(gè)十足

15、的傻瓜。(2) ATurn to Page 16翻到 16頁(yè)。BHe turned traitor to his country他背叛了祖國(guó)。AHe felt it his duty to help others他認(rèn)為幫助別人是自己的責(zé)任。BI felt very hungry after a long walk走了一段長(zhǎng)路，我感到很餓。A.Get me some ink給我一些墨水。BOur motherland is getting stronger and stronger我們國(guó)家變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大了。ASuch words do not become a scholar那樣的話不像出自學(xué)者

16、之口。BSome of the land became covered with water一些田地覆蓋著水。AThis black key on the piano wont sound這鋼琴上的黑鍵按下去不響。B The story sounds interesting這故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。A.I am sure I smell gas我肯定聞到了煤氣味。BTheflowers smell sweet花朵散發(fā)芳香。AHe was too weak to stand他太虛弱，不能站立。BHolding the note in his hand，he stood there dumbfounde

17、d他拿著鈔票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。AHe goes to school early every morning.他每天早上很早上學(xué)。B They went mad他們發(fā)狂了。A I remained 3 weeks in Paris我在巴黎逗留了三周。BHe never remained satisfied with his success他從不滿足于自己的成績(jī)。2替換法分析以上10組句子我們不難看出B組動(dòng)詞均為連系動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)槿绻覀儼褎?dòng)詞 be（是）的適當(dāng)形式替代斜體動(dòng)詞，句子能夠成立，后面的成分即是表語(yǔ)。（1）He was a perfect fool（2）He was a traitor

18、 to his country.（3）I was very hungry after a long walk（4）Our motherland is stronger and stronger（5）Some of the land was covered with water（6）The story is interesting（7）The flowers are sweet（8）Holding the note in his hand，he was there dumbfounded（9）They were mad（10）He was never satisfied with his success反之，如果把 be（是）動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式替代 A組動(dòng)詞，句子則不能成立，無(wú)法解釋，A組動(dòng)詞均不為連系動(dòng)詞：*（l）Please be at the blackboard*（2）Be to Pagel6*（3）He was if his duty to help others*（4）Be me some ink*（5）Such words are not a scholar*（6）The black key on