英語課件學(xué)習(xí)Unit-8--2-American-Education

1、2021/2/111 American EducationAmerican Education 2021/2/112 Brief Introduction to American Education 1. Education has been greatly respected throughout the history of the United States. 2. The principle: Each citizen should receive the best education possible and everyone should get equal opportunity

2、 to receive at least some education. 2021/2/113 3. At the turn of the 20th century, public education developed more rapidly and more people got the opportunity of going to school. 4. The distinctive feature is its emphasis on education of the masses rather than on education of the intellectuals. 202

3、1/2/114 nElementary Education nSecondary Education nHigher Education 2021/2/115 3-5 The age of 6 Children begin their school education Elementary education Nursery School or Kindergarten 2021/2/116 Finishing the elementary school education Higher schoolautomatically Junior High School Senior High Sc

4、hool 2021/2/117 Senior High School College and University conditionally 2021/2/118 Higher Education 1. General Introduction A. There are 2000 universities, colleges or other institutes in the U.S. B. More than 60% can continue college education after graduation. C. of all the colleges and universiti

5、es are private. 2021/2/119 2. Types of Institutions A. Two-year college: “Junior College” and “Community College” a. It serves as a bridge to connect secondary schools and universities. b. It meets various needs of the students. c. Teachers have masters degree. 2021/2/1110 B. Four-year college: “l(fā)ib

6、eral art college” “college of art and science” a. Its curriculum is confined to humanities, social and behavioral science, and the natural sciences. b. They offer the degrees of the Bachelor of Art (BA) and the Bachelor of Science (BS). 2021/2/1111 C. Universities: a. A university may have several c

7、olleges. b. Its curriculum is broader and deeper. c. Many universities have one or more professional schools. d. They may have a variety of research units in various fields. 2021/2/1112 3. Faculty Members A. Ranging from full professors to instructors: a. Full professor b. Associate professor c. Ass

8、istant professor d. Instructor B. Qualifications: masters degree or doctorate 2021/2/1113 4. Part-time Working and Students Organizations A. Halls of residence(學(xué)生宿舍學(xué)生宿舍) are limited and small in space. B. They mostly do unskilled work. C. Many students are interested in students organizations. D. Am

9、erican football has become the most important form of university sports. 2021/2/1114 2021/2/1115 A. If a student has satisfactory high school records, he can be admitted to a state university but only those with the best school records are admitted. B. The tuition in private college is very high. C.

10、 The semester system divides the year into two terms. D. There are four grades freshman, sophomore, junior and senior. 5. Admission and Academic Levels 2021/2/1116 E. A credit is defined as one hour of classroom lecture, or two to three hours of experiments per week for a semester. F. Degrees of hig

11、her education Bachelors Degree Masters Degree Doctors Degree 2021/2/1117 6. Graduate Study A. There are two kinds for the masters degree. One requires a thesis paper, another doesnt require a thesis but more credits. B. The time for the completion of a master degree varies. C. A doctorate requires s

12、pecific admission, the masters degree being the most important qualification. D. Work at this level is highly individual. 2021/2/1118 7. Well-known Universities A. IVY League a. It is applied to eight universities: Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton and Yale b. In

13、1945 the presidents of the eight universities entered into an agreement. c. “The IVY League” was changed to “the IVY Group” according to the Presidents Agreement in 1954. d. The 1970s brought the inclusion of womens teams. 2021/2/1119 B. Harvard University Motto: Truth a. A Brief Introduction to Har

14、vard: nIt is the oldest institution of higher learning in the U.S. nIt was established in 1636. nHarvards first scholarship fund was created in 1643. nSeven American presidents were graduates of Harvard. 2021/2/1120 b. Admission and Students nEach school maintains its own admission office and specia

15、lized staff to meet the needs of their prospective students. nThere are admissions office for the following programs: Undergraduate, Graduate programs, Professional Education programs, Continuing Education, Summer School Programs nThe students of different background can apply for financial aid. 202

16、1/2/1121 Bill Gates in his home school-Harvard 2021/2/1122 c. Schools and Research Centers nThere are many schools in Harvard. nHarvard has numerous centers, institutes and societies. nHarvard has a Provosts Office established in 1994 with broad responsibilities. d. Making Major Impact on the World

17、nIn 2002 researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute find a gene that leads to obesity and may fight cancer. 2021/2/1123 nIn 2003 Harvard astronomers discover a new plant in the constellation Sagittarius. nIn 2004 stem cell scientist Douglas Melton announces the creation of 17 new lines of embryonic

18、 stem cells. nIn 2005 physics Professor Roy Glauber won Nobel Prize in Physics for pioneering work on the nature and behavior of light. nIn 2006 Harvard Stem Cell Institute scientists discover a type of master cell that gives rise to other cells that cause a heart to beat. 2021/2/1124 e. Libraries a

19、nd Museums nThe Harvard University Library is the system of more than 80 libraries that provides comprehensive access to Harvards library holdings. nIt is a department of the Universitys central administration. nThere are various kinds of museums: The Harvard University Art Museums, Harvard Museum o

20、f Natural History, Semitic Museum, Digital Harvard Museum 2021/2/1125 C. Yale University Motto: Light and Truth a. A Brief Introduction to Yale nIt is a private university in Connecticut. nIt comprises three major academic components: Yale College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the profe

21、ssional schools. nYale encompasses a wide array of centers and programs, libraries, museums and administrative support offices. 2021/2/1126 b. History nIn 1640s colonial clergymen established a college to preserve the tradition of European liberal education in the New World. nIn 1701 the charter was

22、 granted for the school and in 1718 the school was renamed “Yale College”. nThe 19th and 20th centuries brought the establishment of the graduate and professional schools. nThe University began admitting women students at the graduate level in 1869, and as undergraduates in 1969. 2021/2/1127 c. Crad

23、le of Notable Politicians cooking, manual skills, PE nTeachers must have a bachelor of arts degree with a major in education. 2021/2/1146 Secondary Education nThere is no entrance exam. nCauses: English literature, composition, social science, mathematics, laboratory experiments and foreign language

24、s, art, music, PE nThere is also vocational training. nTeachers must have a master of arts degree in education. 2021/2/1147 nCollege: it refers to an institution requiring a secondary school certificate for admission. It is often used in place of the word “University” nUniversity: it refers to an institution which is more comprehensive and complex than any other kind of U.S. higher educational establishment 2021/2