疑問詞+不定式-講解及各題型練習(xí)

1、、基本用法說明疑問詞 what, which, who, when, where, how及連接副詞 whether與不定式連用而形成一個短語，這個短語相當于一個名詞，可在句中做句子的主語、賓語或表語等。如：1. 作主語。如：What_to do is not decided yet.該做什么還沒有確定。How_to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何開始比到哪里停止還困難。2. 作賓語。如：Do you know when_to_start? 你知道什么時候開始嗎？I showed her which_button_to_press.

2、 我告訴她應(yīng)該按哪一個按鈕。有時還可用于介詞后作賓語。如：I found a book on how to avoid havi ng a heart attack.我找到一本書談如何避免心臟病復(fù)發(fā)。She was worried about how _to_fill_her_leisure time.她為如何打發(fā)她的閑暇時間而發(fā)愁。3. 作表語。如：The question is how to carry out_the pla n.問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個計劃。The difficulty was how to_cross_the_river.困難在于如何過河。二、“疑問詞+不定式(短語)”是一

3、個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它的作用相當于一個名詞性從句，通常在某些動詞 (如 tell, know, imagine, leann, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand等)后面做賓語，有時也用作主語、表語、同位語等。如：He didn know how to answer her. 他不知道該怎樣回答她。When to start has not bee n decided.何時動身尚未決定。I don know who to ask advice from.我不知道應(yīng)向誰征求意見。Would you please advise me whic

4、h to buy?你能否告訴我該買哪一個才好？Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it.請(給我)解釋該從哪里開始及該怎么做。他們就該選誰的問題交They excha nged views on the questi on of whom to elect.換了意見。注意：按英語習(xí)慣，疑問詞why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not開頭的省略型疑問句中，其后可跟不帶to的不定式。如：Why get upset just because you got a bad mark?何必因為沒有考好就想不開呢？Youre l

5、ooki ng tired. Why not take a holiday?你一臉倦容，怎么不休假呢？三、五個易錯點易錯一：是否用于疑問詞 why之后按英語習(xí)慣，有一個疑問詞不能用于疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，就是why。如：我不明白為什么馬上就走。誤：I don tknow why to leave at once.正: I don tknow why we must leave at once.why后面可以跟不帶to的動詞不定式（即動詞原形），用以表示某動作是不必要的或無意 義的。如：Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value.為什么

6、花更多的錢到其他商店去買呢？我們這里最物美價廉。另，why后面不帶to的動詞不定式有時也可能是否定的，該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來提出建議。如：Youre looki ng tired. Why n ot take a holiday?你一臉倦容，怎么不休假呢？易錯二：與動詞think連用有何特別之處疑問詞+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，通常不用于動詞think的現(xiàn)在式和過去式之后，但可以用于thi nk的其他形式之后（如進行式）。如：Im thi nki ng what to do next.我在想接下來要做什么。另外， 疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)也通常用于還有助動詞的think之后。如：She couldn think w

7、hat to say.她想不出該說什么。She couldn think what to give the children for Christmas.她想不出圣誕節(jié)該送孩子們什么禮物。易錯三：與動詞know連用要注意什么3當要表示知道如何做某事，know之后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，此時可改用know how to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：我會做西班牙式的攤雞蛋。誤：I know to make Spanish omelettes.正: I know how to make Spanish omelettes.易錯四：與某些只接動名詞作賓語的動詞連用有些動詞可以接疑問詞+不定式”作賓語，但通常不直接跟

8、不定式作賓語。這類動詞主要有 consider （ 考慮）,discover （ 發(fā)現(xiàn)）,discuss （ 討論）,explain （ 說明）,find （out）（ 查到）,know （ 知道）,observe （ 觀察）,suggest （ 提議）,wonder （ 懷疑）, un dersta nd （ 了解）等。如：Have you con sidered how to get there?你是否考慮過如何到那兒去？Our teacher expla ined how to use the machi ne.老師向我們說明如何使用這臺機器。We discussed what to d

9、o and where we should go.我們討論了該怎么辦及到哪里去。你能說明一下蛋糕的做法嗎？誤： Can you explain to make a cake?正: Can you explain how to make a cake易錯五：which to do 的兩種用法要注意 which+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 which有時是疑問詞。如：I can decide which to choose.我不能決定選哪個好。Did you ask her which to buy?你問沒問她該買哪一個 ？有時可能是關(guān)系代詞，相當于一個省略的定語從句，此時主要用于介詞后作賓語。如:She

10、 must have time in which to grow calm.她必須有冷靜下來的時間。Allow me one minute in which to cha nge my costumes.給我一點時間來卸裝。這兩句中的 which to也可改為定語從句：She must have time in which she can grow calm.Allow me one min ute in which I can cha nge my costumes.鞏固練習(xí)4選擇1. Mr. Wu advised us to choose in this shop.A. which B.

11、from which C. what D. how2. The students do not know this math problem.A. how to deal with B. what to do C. how to do with D. what to deal with3. Xiao Ming has explained late for class to his teacher.A. why to be B. why he was C. that he was D. why be4. Are you sure_?A. how to work it out B. how to

12、work out itC. what to work out it D. what to work it out5. He didn t think was easy.A. who to choose B. choosing a person C. chose a person6. He did not say _ for help.A. whose to ask B. whom to ask C. which to ask D. what to ask二、填空1. is a question該怎樣做倒是一個問題。 （作主語 ）2. I really dont know 我實在不知道該寫些什么

13、 . （作動詞賓語）3. We must first solve the problem of 我們必須首先解決為誰服務(wù)的問題 . （作介詞賓語）4. The question is 問題是該把它放在哪兒才好 . （作表語）5. I asked him 我問他如何學(xué)習(xí)英語 . （作賓語補足語）6. The teacher told the students the experiment 老師教學(xué)生如何做實驗。7. The young woman doesnt know 那位年輕女子不知道怎么辦 .8. He tells me all the questions in English他告訴我怎樣

14、用英語回答所有的問題 .9. is unknown 何時動身還不知道 .10. I forgot 我忘了該怎么辦 .Key:1. How to do it4. where to put it7. what to do10. what to do2. what to write about3. whom to serve11. I can tell you 我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書 .5. how to learn English6. how to do8. how to answer11. Where to buy9. when to start（ get ）this book三、句子改寫

15、，改成“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)1. How we should do it is a question2. I really dont know what I should write about3. We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve4. The question is where we should put it5. I asked him how we should learn English四、用“疑問詞不定式”完成下列句子 .1. How we should do it was discussed last night was discussed last