初一上學期英語知識點梳理

1、初一上學期英語知識點梳理 冠詞*要點提示：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可單獨使用，要在詞前加冠詞a, an, the或者物主代詞(my等)。 請試著從下列例句中找出冠詞的使用規(guī)律1. _can i have _ apple?2. _she is _ english teacher.3. _ car over there is fast.4. _ teacher is very good, isnt he?5. _6. _-look at _ picture on the wall. is it nice?-yes, its _ nice picture7. _8. _i live in _ house. _

2、 house is quite old and has four bedrooms.9. _10. _i ate in _ chinese restaurant. _ restaurant was very good.11. _i like _ russian tea.12. _she likes reading _ books.13. _he has _ breakfast at home.14. _i go to _ university.15. _he comes to work by _ taxi.16. _he enjoys playing _ football and _ pian

3、o.17. _the movie theater is on _ right, opposite _ clothing store.18. _we have sports meeting in _ october every year. 19. _teachers day is on _ september 10. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式1. 絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。 讀音變化：結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s，結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。 例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces 2. 凡是以s、z、

4、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 讀音變化：統(tǒng)一加讀iz。 例：busbuses; boxboxes; matchmatches; peachpatches 3. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。 讀音變化：加讀z。 例：strawberrystrawberries; babybabies; familyfamilies; ladyladies; storystories4. 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 讀音變化：加讀z。 例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; 反例：kil

5、okilos; pianopianos（外來詞）; photophotos; 5. 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves，但有例外。 讀音變化：尾音f改讀vz。 例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; scarfscarves 反例：roofroofs (屋頂)6. 部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。 讀音變化：保持原音。 例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; 7. 沒有任何規(guī)律。 讀音變化：沒有規(guī)律。 例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; person

6、people; footfeet; goosegeese; toothteeth 8. 另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多 例： clothes; pants; shorts; trousers; sales；scissors剪刀9. 復(fù)合名詞compound nouns，這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示 例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳婦; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父 son-in-lawsons-in-law 10. 除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars;

7、a meter, two meters liter, liters kilogram, kilograms kilos, a pound, a few pounds不可數(shù)名詞 例： water; coffee; tea; soda; juice; milk; cooking oil; soup; ketchup; ice cream; flour; sugar; salt; rice; meat; chicken; cheese; soap; butter; salad; furniture家具; news; traffic交通; bread; garlic; money; food; dri

8、nk; fruit; vegetable;若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助1. 數(shù)量詞(具體的數(shù)量)和2. 限定詞（籠統(tǒng)的數(shù)量） n.(可數(shù))n.(不可數(shù))很多（肯定句）a lot of, lots of一些some, any,具體數(shù)目one, two, three, a dozen, two dozen具體數(shù)量a cup/bowl/bag/bottle/ glass/loaf/bar/piece/stick/ kilogram/pound/literof一點a little, a bit, 有幾個a few, several沒有多少,很少little沒有幾個，很少few很多（否定句）many很多muc

9、h名詞與限定詞重點1. _2. _3. _ we dont have much (很多)meat(肉), can you help to buy a piece of (一塊) pork?4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _ 9. _ he takes little (很少) exercise(鍛煉), but he has 3 bowls of (三碗) beef rice(米飯) and a bar of (一塊) chocolate (巧克力)everyday.10. _11. _ can you speak italian(意大利語)? yes, but only a little

10、 (一點).12. _13. _ would you like a bit of (一點兒) salt(鹽)? yes, please. 14. _15. _ how many eggs (雞蛋)do you want? 2 dozen (2打).16. _17. _18. _ theres plenty of (足夠的) spring water(礦泉水). so we dont need to buy any (任何) 19. _20. _ he gets 3 bags of (袋) french fries (薯條)for the family.21. _22. _23. _ i wou

11、ld like 5 cups of (杯) black tea(紅茶), 6 boxes of (6盒) chicken (雞肉)nuggets. 24. _25. _ ill also take 4 bottles of (4瓶) orange juice(橘子汁).26. _27. _ i love cookies(餅干). i have lots of (很多) them everyday. 28. _29. _ we need 4 loaves of (4塊) bread (面包)for the party. 30. _31. _ where can i find a bank(銀行)

12、? i need some (一些) money (錢). 32. _33. _ he has lots of (很多) friends(朋友), but he has little (很少) money(錢). 34. _35. _ he has lots of (很多) money(錢), but he has few (很少) friends(朋友).句型轉(zhuǎn)換就劃線部分提問：1. 誰？ who?who is your favorite singer?2. 誰的？ whose?whose skateboard is this?3. 什么？what?whats near your house

13、?/what do you need to play baseball?4. 什么顏色？ what color?what color is your skateboard?5. 什么種類？ what kind/typewhat kind of movies/food do you like?6. 星期 what day?what day is today?7. 日期 whatwhat is the date today?8. 什么運動？what sport?what sport can you play?9. 做什么？ what do?what can you do on the ice ri

14、nk?10. 天氣怎么樣？what be like?whats the weather like?/whats the mall like?11. 哪里？where?where can you skate?12. 情況怎么樣/如何？howhow are you?/how can i get to the hotel?13. 多大？how old?how old are you?14. 多少個？how many?how many chairs are there in the classroom?15. 多少？how much?how much milk is there in the refr

15、igerator? 16. 多少錢？how much?how much is the rice? how much are the shoes?17. 對印象如何? what do you think of?/how do you like?how do you like skiing?what do you think of documentaries?1. the boy over there is jim.2. i am fine.3. we are in the same class. (?)4. he has an e-mail address. (?)5. jenny is bri

16、tish.6. i am from france.7. zheng zhi is a football player.8. my brother is 12 years old.9. yao ming is an nba basketball player.10. she is a teacher.11. she is my sister.12. they are actors.13. shes a writer.14. your father is a policeman.15. that is a photo of my family.16. she likes to play volle

17、yball.17. mary has two brothers.18. there are five people in my family.19. my wife has a dog.20. helen has some uncles.21. she has three children.22. you can sit down.23. i am in grade 2.24. my aunt likes running and swimming.25. does your uncle like comedies? (x )26. his name is tony.27. they are c

18、hinese.28. bill gates is from the usa.29. she is 11 years old.30. i need a student id.31. her first name is gina.32. he lives on 45 pine road.33. my father is 37 years old.34. i am from canada.35. she prefers watching tv.36. he likes dancing. he doesnt like singing.(but)37. lucy prefers reading book

19、s. (?)38. jenny prefers playing computer games. (x)39. the cat is under the table.40. the post office is next to the bank.41. the oranges are two dollars a kilogram.42. we need two dozen eggs. 43. the cheese is three dollars a stick.44. the potatoes cost 1.5 dollars a kilogram. 45. i want to order s

20、ome french fries.46. ill have a hot dog. 47. id like to have a cup of coffee.48. he can throw the shot put.49. skateboarding is my favorite sport. 50. i play tennis on the tennis court. 51. i need a racket to play badminton.52. we can play baseball with a bat.53. i really enjoy doing sports.54. i wa

21、nt to meet my friend mike this weekend.55. i cant play baseball. i cant do the high jump. (or)56. you can exercise or play table tennis there.動詞名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化workworkerkeepkeeperteachteacherswimswimmersingsingerplayplayerdancedancerlearnlearnerdrivedrivervisitvisitorrunrunneractactor/actress動詞形式歸納swimming

22、is my favorite sport. my favorite sport is swimming. be good at be interested inwithout doing sth. instead of doing sth. what about/how aboutprefer doing sth. to doing sth.enjoy doing sth.practice doing sth.finish doing sth.stop doing sth. stop to do sth.love/like to do sth.love/like doing sth.look

23、forward to doing sth.learn to do sth.learn doing sth. forget to do sth.forget doing sth.remember to do sth. remember doing sth. what about doing sth.?how about doing sth.?be happy / sorry / pleased . to do sth.do we need to do sth.would you like to do sth.?why not do sth.?why dont you do sth.?please

24、 do sth. let sb. do sth.make sb do sth. 介詞歸納in the room close to my houseon the table between the bedin front of the house on and the dresserbehind the door beside the riverunder the chair across from itopposite the school next to the doorabove the bed at the doorbe in charge ofat the rink / the cen

25、ter / the door/ the bus stop.on real ice / the rink / the bank.on the map / the cover / the paper.in the (other) corner of the roomat the corner of the streetin the book / the picture / the newspaperat the back of the classroomon mason streetin chinese / english / french.反義詞歸納big smallleftrightright

26、wrongsamedifferentoldyoung coldhot fullhungry longshorthighlow manyfew easyhard blackwhitefirstlast messytidy updown in front ofbehindstand upsit downcomegolovehaterememberforget動詞短語歸納1. take lessons43. play cards2. take care44. play bridge3. take care of45. play chess4. take the first turning46. pl

27、ay the computer 5. take exercise47. play ball games6. take ones order48. play volleyball7. get up49. play basketball8. get ready for50. go ahead9. get sth. ready for51. go to bed10. get to the station52. go to school11. write to53. go to college12. listen to 54. go swimming13. come to jims55. go fis

28、hing14. come back here56. go skateboarding15. come from57. go shopping16. stand up58. go running17. sit down59. go jogging18. turn right, left60. go home19. stay with us61. go across20. use the internet62. go straight 21. meet my friends63. have an english class22. practice drawing64. have a look23.

29、 make a name list65. have sports24. watch cartoons66. have some exercise25. see movies67. have sth. to eat 26. order some soup68. have a drink27. run the 400-meter race69. do the long jump28. check your answers70. do the high jump29. ask him for money71. do a cartwheel30. climb a rope72. do pushups3

30、1. look fresh73. do sit-ups32. welcome to beijing74. do sports33. buy sth. for sb./buy sb. sth75. do ones homework34. tell sb. about sth.76. do eye exercises35. talk about sth.77. do morning exercises36. need to buy sth.78. do a somersault37. prefer doing to doing79. want to do sth.38. play baseball80. want sth.40. play football81. would like