畢業(yè)論文-基于PLC的彩燈廣告屏控制設(shè)計

1、設(shè) 計 題 目 彩燈廣告屏的plc控制 所 在 系 信息與機電工程系 姓 名 學 號 072235089 任 課 老 師 專 業(yè) 年 級 電氣工程及其自動化2007級 2011年1月 10 日目 錄1.任務(wù)描述與控制要求說明-11.1任務(wù)描述-11.2控制要求說明-22.硬件選型-32.1plc的優(yōu)點-32.2輸入輸出點數(shù)的確定-42.3plc的選型-42.4硬件配置-43.地址分配及i/o連接圖-73.1地址分配-73.2i/o連接圖-83.3燈光布局示意圖-104.plc軟件設(shè)計-115.調(diào)試說明及注意事項-125.1調(diào)試說明-125.2注意事項-126.附錄-136.1附錄一：設(shè)計梯形圖

2、-136.2附錄二：設(shè)計指令表-18參考文獻-25彩燈廣告屏的plc控制1.任務(wù)描述與控制要求說明開始控制彩燈左移計數(shù)控制彩燈右移計數(shù)控制彩燈左移計數(shù)全滅全亮控制彩燈右移計數(shù)全滅全亮c0計數(shù)是否滿8秒?c1計數(shù)是否滿10秒?c2計數(shù)是否滿8秒?c4計數(shù)是否滿8秒?c3計數(shù)是否滿2秒?c5計數(shù)是否滿20秒?c6計數(shù)是否滿8秒?c7計數(shù)是否滿2秒?anynyynnynnyyayn是否繼續(xù)循環(huán)?bbnccyyn結(jié)束1.1任務(wù)描述圖1 系統(tǒng)工作流程系統(tǒng)啟動后,燈管點亮的順序依次為;1號到2號到3號.8號時間隔為1s,8根彩燈全亮后,持續(xù)10s,然后按照8號到7號到6號.1號開始順序依次熄滅時間為1s,

3、燈管全部熄滅后等待2s,再從8號燈管開始按照1號到2號.8號順序依次點亮時間隔為1s,全部點亮后持續(xù)20s,再按照1號到2號到.8號順序熄滅,時間為1s,燈管全部熄滅后,等待2s再重新開始上述過程的循環(huán)。整個工作流程如下圖1表示。1.2控制要求說明(1)廣告屏中間部分有8根彩燈管.從左到右排列,編號1到8號 系統(tǒng)啟動后,燈管點亮的順序依次為;1號到2號到3號.8號時間隔為1s,8根彩燈全亮后,持續(xù)10s,然后按照8號到7號到6號.1號開始順序依次熄滅時間為1s,燈管全部熄滅后等待2s,再從8號燈管開始按照1號到2號.8號順序依次點亮時間隔為1s,全部點亮后持續(xù)20s,再按照1號到2號到.8號順

4、序熄滅,時間為1s,燈管全部熄滅后,等待2s再重新開始上述過程的循環(huán)；(2)廣告屏四周安裝的24只流水燈4只一組,共分成6組(1-6)系統(tǒng)啟動后按照1-6的順 序,依次亮并循環(huán)時間隔為1s,18s后,按照6-1的順序,依次點亮并進行循環(huán),再按照1-6的順序循環(huán)往復,直至系統(tǒng)停止工作；(3)系統(tǒng)用啟動按鈕和停止按鈕操作,并有單步連續(xù)控制；(4)各個彩燈的工作電壓均為220v ac。2.硬件選型2.1plc的優(yōu)點1）.維護性好plc有成熟的技術(shù)和完善的質(zhì)量保障體系，因此plc出故障的可能性很小，其硬件部分在其壽命期內(nèi)基本不需要維護。plc是一種長線產(chǎn)品，備品備件都有保障，可維護性好。 2）. 寬輸

5、入電源范圍ac220v規(guī)格在50v能正常工作更擁有500v輸入電源技術(shù)(非必須技術(shù),選配)能適應(yīng)ac110v,ac120v,ac220v,ac240v,ac380v,ac440v等各種照明/動力輸入電源規(guī)格，dc輸入規(guī)格更能做到15v-60v正常工作.適應(yīng)24v,36v,48v電池供電.超低電源規(guī)格 甚至能在dc8-30v電壓下工作.適應(yīng)12v電池供電3）.高速率plc能夠提供高速的傳輸。目前，其傳輸速率依設(shè)備廠家的不同而在1m200mbps之間。遠遠高于撥號上網(wǎng)和isdn，比adsl更快！足以支持現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的各種應(yīng)用。4）.plc的體積小plc的幾何尺寸都不大。體積小的plc可以裝入機器設(shè)備

6、內(nèi)部，使機器結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。便于實現(xiàn)機電一體化。5）.低功率消耗針對電池移動場所的直流輸入規(guī)格,整機消耗僅為24v/6ma 交流工作型的功率消耗低到0.1w-0.3w2.2輸入輸出點數(shù)的確定輸入有sb1、sb2、sb3、sb4四個開關(guān)。輸出有hl1、hl2、hl3、hl4、hl5、hl6、hl7、hl8、km1、km2、km3、km4、km5、km6。輸入共4個點，輸出共14個點。2.3 plc的選型根據(jù)輸入輸出的點數(shù)可以選擇西門子s7-200型plc。2.4硬件配置1）主要選擇的設(shè)備：s7-200plc我們選取的plc是西門子生產(chǎn)的s7-200.下面對s7-200做出簡要的說明：s7-200系列是

7、一類可編程邏輯控制器（micro plc）。這一系列產(chǎn)品可以滿足多種多樣的自動化控制需要，下圖展示一臺s7-200 micro plc的 cpu22*系列plc的cpu外型圖，具有緊湊的設(shè)計、良好的擴展性、低廉的價格以及強大的指令，使得s7-200可以近乎完美地滿足小規(guī)模的控制要求。此外，豐富的cpu類型和電壓等級使其在解決用戶的工業(yè)自動化問題時，具有很強的適應(yīng)性。圖2 s7-200 cpu外型圖s7-200 cpu模塊包括一個中央處理器單元（cpu）、電源以及數(shù)字量i/o點，這些都被集成在一個緊湊、獨立的設(shè)備中。l cpu負責執(zhí)行程序和存儲數(shù)據(jù)，以便對工業(yè)自動控制任務(wù)或過程進行控制。l 輸入

8、和輸出是系統(tǒng)的控制點：輸入部分從現(xiàn)場設(shè)備（例如傳感器或開關(guān)）中采集信號，輸出部分則控制泵、電機、以及工業(yè)過程中的其他設(shè)備。l 電源向cpu及其所連接的任何模塊提供電力。l 通訊端口允許將s7-200cpu同編程器或一些設(shè)備連接起來。l 狀態(tài)信號燈顯示了cpu的工作模式（運行或停止），本機的i/o的當前狀態(tài)，以及檢查出來的系統(tǒng)錯誤。l 通過擴展模塊可以增加cpu的i/o點數(shù)（cpu221不可以擴展）。l 通過擴展模塊可以提供其通訊功能。l 一些cpu具有內(nèi)置實時時鐘，其他cpu需要實時時鐘卡。l eeprom卡可以存儲cpu程序，也可以將一個cpu中的程序傳送到另一個cpu中。l 通過可選的插入

9、式電池盒可延長ram中的數(shù)據(jù)存儲時間。下圖展示了一個基本的s7-200 micro plc。它包括一個s7-200 cpu 模塊，一臺個人計算機（pc），step 7-micro/win32(3.1版)編程軟件，以及一條通訊電纜。圖3 s7-200 micro plc系統(tǒng)的組成2）plc模塊的選擇：采用cpu226的主機由于實際控制中，總共有4個輸入點和14個輸出點，而cpu226有24個輸入點和16個輸出點，所以它完全可以滿足條件。下面簡單介紹一下cpu226的主機：cpu226:本機集成24輸入/16輸出，i/o共計40點，與cpu224相比，程序儲存容量增大了一倍，數(shù)據(jù)儲存容量增加到10

10、kb，它有兩個通信口，通信能力大大增強，它可用于點數(shù)較多、要求較高的小型或中型控制系統(tǒng)。3.地址分配及i/o連接圖3.1地址分配i/o地址分配如下表編程元件i/o端子電路器件作用輸入繼電器i0.0sb1啟動按鈕i0.1sb2停止按鈕i0.2sb3步進按鈕i0.3sb4單步/連續(xù)選擇開關(guān)輸出繼電器q0.0hl1彩燈1q0.1hl2彩燈2q0.2hl3彩燈3q0.3hl4彩燈4q0.4hl5彩燈5q0.5hl6彩燈6q2.0hl7彩燈7q2.1hl8彩燈8q2.2km1流水燈iq2.3km2流水燈iiq2.4km3流水燈iiiq2.5km4流水燈ivq2.6km5流水燈vq2.7 km6流水燈vi

11、3.2 i/o連接圖i/o連接圖如下圖所示圖4 外圍接線圖1km1km2km3km4km5km6hl11hl12hl13hl14hl21hl22hl23hl24hl31hl32hl33hl34hl41hl42hl43hl44hl52hl51hl53hl54hl63hl64hl62hl61200v av圖5 外圍接線圖23.3燈管布局示意圖圖6 燈管布局示意圖4.plc軟件設(shè)計（分工）5.調(diào)試說明5.1調(diào)試說明1）硬件調(diào)試：接通電源，檢查s7-200 plc可編程控制器是否可以正常工作，接頭是否接觸良好，然后把其與電腦的通信口連接。 2）軟件調(diào)試：按要求輸入梯形圖，轉(zhuǎn)換成指令表，并進行語法的檢查

12、，正確后設(shè)置正確的通信口，將指令讀入到指定的可編程控制器rom中，進行下一步的調(diào)試。 3）運行調(diào)試：在硬件調(diào)試和軟件調(diào)試正確的基礎(chǔ)上，打開s7-200 plc可編程控制器的“run”開關(guān)進行調(diào)試；觀察運行的情況，看是否是隨時按下停止按鈕可以停止系統(tǒng)運行，或者等待100個脈沖后，系統(tǒng)是否停止運行。 根據(jù)以上的調(diào)試情況，本彩燈循環(huán)點亮的plc控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計符合要求。5.2注意事項1）調(diào)試的時候要全面徹底地把調(diào)試時要的地方改掉。2）其余程序指令按軟件轉(zhuǎn)換來的指令，防止梯形圖編寫程序指令出現(xiàn)錯誤。3）在輸入指令的時候要仔細，防止不必要的輸入失誤。6.附錄6.2附錄一：設(shè)計梯形圖6.2附錄二：設(shè)計指令表o

13、rganization_block 主程序:ob1title=程序注釋beginnetwork 1 / 啟動/停止/ 網(wǎng)絡(luò)注釋ld i0.0o m0.0an i0.1= m0.0network 2 / 秒緩沖ld m0.0a sm0.5= m0.1network 3 / 彩燈左移,8sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c0, 8network 4 / 全亮10s，共18sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c1, 8network 5 / 彩燈右移，8s，共26sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c2, 8network 6 / 間隔2s，累計28sld m0.1l

14、d i0.1o c7ctd c3, 28network 7 / 彩燈右移，8s，共36sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c4, 36network 8 / 全亮20s，共56sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c5, 56network 9 / 彩燈左移，8s，64sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c6, 64network 10 / 全滅2s，累計66sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c7, 66network 11 / 流水燈，18sld m0.1ld i0.1o c9ctd c8, 18network 12 / 流水燈，36sld m0.1l

15、d i0.1o c9ctd c9, 36network 13 / 彩燈左移初值ld m0.0an q0.7= m0.2network 14 ld m0.0a sm0.5eu= m0.3network 15 / 彩燈左移，8s后全亮ld m0.3an c0shrb m0.2, q0.0, 8network 16 / 彩燈右移初值ldn q0.0an q0.1an q0.2an q0.3an q0.4an q0.5an q0.6an q0.7= m0.4network 17 / 彩燈在18-26s右移，8s后全滅ld m0.3a c1an c2shrb m0.4, q0.0, 8network 1

16、8 / 彩燈在56-64s右移，8s后全滅ld m0.3a c5an c6shrb m0.4, q0.0, 8network 19 / 彩燈右移初值ld m0.0an q0.0= m0.5network 20 / 彩燈在28-36s右移，8次后全亮ld m0.3a c3an c4shrb m0.5, q0.0, 8network 21 ldn q1.0an q1.1an q1.2an q1.3an q1.4an q1.5= m0.6network 22 / 流水燈左移ld m0.0a m0.3an c8shrb m0.6, q1.0, 6network 23 / 流水燈右移ld m0.0a m

17、0.3an c8shrb m0.6, q1.0, 6end_organization_blocksubroutine_block sbr_0:sbr0title=子程序注釋beginnetwork 1 / 網(wǎng)絡(luò)標題/ 網(wǎng)絡(luò)注釋end_subroutine_blockinterrupt_block int_0:int0title=中斷程序注釋beginnetwork 1 / 網(wǎng)絡(luò)標題/ 網(wǎng)絡(luò)注釋end_interrupt_block參考文獻1王也仿主編；可編程控制器應(yīng)用技術(shù)；北京；機械工業(yè)出版社；2001.92夏辛明 黃鴻 高巖編著；可編程控制器技術(shù)及應(yīng)用；北京；北京理工大學出版社；2005年1

18、0月3王庭有等編著；可編程控制器原理及應(yīng)用；北京；國防工業(yè)出版社；2005.14張萬忠 孫晉 編著；可編程控制器入門與應(yīng)用實例；北京；中國電力出版社；2005g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employe

19、r has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has

20、taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about

21、happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it i

22、s still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed un

23、derfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of yo

24、ur compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, i

25、ncluding those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations

26、 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa h

27、asopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures comp

28、laint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird b

29、elief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪

30、異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and mor

31、e found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to

32、give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant

33、 remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical react

34、ion to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out

35、 at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決

36、心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at th

37、e beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartn

38、er the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of

39、the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.athe supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will s