電力專業(yè)英語論文

1、page1.the production of electrical energy（電能生產(chǎn)）1 english texfrom reference 1see also: wind power, wind farm,and wind power in the united statesairflows can be used to run wind turbines. modern wind turbines range from around 600kw to 5 mw of rated power, although turbines with rated output of 1.53 m

2、w have become the most common for commercial use; the power output of a turbine is a function of the cube of the wind speed, so as wind speed increases, power output increases dramatically. areas where winds are stronger and more constant, such as offshore and high altitude sites, are preferred loca

3、tions for wind farms. typical capacity factors are 20-40%, with values at the upper end of the range in particularly favourable sites. globally, the long-term technical potential of wind energy is believed to be five times total current global energy production, or 40 times current electricity deman

4、d. this could require large amounts of land to be used for wind turbines, particularly in areas of higher wind resources. offshore resources experience mean wind speeds of 90% greater than that of land, so offshore resources could contribute substantially more energy. wind power is renewable and pro

5、duces no greenhouse gases during operation, such as carbon dioxide and methane.keywords：wind power，wind turinesfrom reference 2see also: hydroelectricityand hydropowerenergy in water can be harnessed and used. since water is about 800 times denser than air, even a slow flowing stream of water, or mo

6、derate sea swell, can yield considerable amounts of energy. there are many forms of water energy: hydroelectric energy is a term usually reserved for large-scale hydroelectric dams. examples are the grand coulee dam in washington state and the akosombo dam in ghana. micro hydro systems are hydroelec

7、tric power installations that typically produce up to 100kw of power. they are often used in water rich areas as a remote-area power supply (raps). there are many of these installations around the world, including several delivering around 50kw in the solomon islands. damless hydro systems derive ki

8、netic energy from rivers and oceans without using a dam. ocean energy describes all the technologies to harness energy from the ocean and the sea. this includes marine current power, ocean thermal energy conversion, and tidal power.keywords: hydropower，the grand coulee dam，the akosombo damfrom refer

9、ence 3see also: ethanol fueland bioethanol for sustainable transportsince the 1970s, brazil has had an ethanol fuel program which has allowed the country to become the worlds second largest producer of ethanol (after the united states) and the worlds largest exporter. brazils ethanol fuel program us

10、es modern equipment and cheap sugar cane as feedstock, and the residual cane-waste (bagasse) is used to process heat and power. there are no longer light vehicles in brazil running on pure gasoline. by the end of 2008 there were 35,000 filling stations throughout brazil with at least one ethanol pum

11、p. nearly all the gasoline sold in the united states today is mixed with 10 percent ethanol, a mix known as e10, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. ford, daimlerchrysler, and gm are among the automobile companies that sell “flexibl

12、e-fuel” cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (e85). by mid-2006, there were approximately six million e85-compatible vehicles on u.s. roads. the challenge is to expand the market for biofuels beyond the farm states where the

13、y have been most popular to date. flex-fuel vehicles are assisting in this transition because they allow drivers to choose different fuels based on price and availability. the energy policy act of 2005, which calls for 7.5 billion gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, will also help to ex

14、pand the market. keyword：ethanol fuel，bioethanol for sustainable transport2 中文翻譯及分析出自文獻(xiàn)1:通過對風(fēng)力發(fā)電也已increasing.see：在美國風(fēng)力發(fā)電，風(fēng)電場，風(fēng)力發(fā)電 氣流可用于運行風(fēng)力渦輪機?，F(xiàn)代風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組600千瓦左右范圍內(nèi)的額定功率為5兆瓦，雖然與1.5-3兆瓦的發(fā)電機組額定輸出已成為最常見的用于商業(yè)用途;渦輪的功率輸出是對風(fēng)速的立方函數(shù)，使風(fēng)速增大，輸出功率急劇上升。20風(fēng)的領(lǐng)域是更強大和更常量，例如海上和高海拔的網(wǎng)站，是首選的風(fēng)力發(fā)電場的位置。典型容量因素是20-40，在網(wǎng)站中特別有利的范圍

15、的上限。與價值 從全球來看，長期風(fēng)能技術(shù)潛力被認(rèn)為是目前全球總共五次能源生產(chǎn)，或40倍目前的電力需求。這可能需要大量的土地將用于風(fēng)力渦輪機，特別是在較高的風(fēng)能資源的地區(qū)。近海資源的經(jīng)驗平均風(fēng)速90以上的土地，更大，因此海外資源可以大大更多的能量。風(fēng)力發(fā)電是可再生能源和在操作過程中不產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，如二氧化碳和甲烷。 關(guān)鍵字：風(fēng)能，風(fēng)力渦輪機出自文獻(xiàn)2：大古力壩是哥倫比亞河上的水電重心在美國華盛頓州壩。該水壩提供的四個裝機容量6809兆瓦的發(fā)電站，是最大的電力生產(chǎn)設(shè)施的水在美國states.energy可以被利用和使用。由于水約800倍密度比空氣，即使是一個緩慢流動的水，或溫和的海水膨脹流，能產(chǎn)生

16、相當(dāng)數(shù)量的能量。水能有許多形式： 水電能源通常是大型水電大壩保留的一個術(shù)語。例子是在華盛頓州的大古力壩和加納的阿科松博大壩。 微型水電系統(tǒng)的水電站發(fā)電裝置，通常產(chǎn)生高達(dá)100千瓦電力。它們通常用于水豐富的地區(qū)作為遠(yuǎn)程區(qū)域電源（方案）。其中有世界各地的設(shè)施，其中包括幾名約50千瓦在所羅門群島提供很多。 damless水電系統(tǒng)中獲得，而無需使用來自河流和海洋大壩動能。 海洋能描述所有的技術(shù)控制能量從海洋和大海。這包括海洋電流發(fā)電，海洋熱能轉(zhuǎn)換和潮汐發(fā)電。 關(guān)鍵字：水能，大古力壩，阿科松博大壩出自文獻(xiàn)3：e95在圣保羅審判，brazil.see也總線工作：乙醇燃料和生物乙醇為可持續(xù)交通 自20世紀(jì)7

17、0年代，巴西有一個乙醇燃料計劃，已使該國成為世界上第二大生產(chǎn)的乙醇（僅次于美國）和世界上最大的出口國。巴西的乙醇燃料計劃使用現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備和廉價糖甘蔗作為原料，剩余甘蔗廢料（蔗渣）是用于處理熱能和電能。不再有輕型車輛在巴西純汽油運行。截至2008年底，有35000加油站至少有一個乙醇泵。整個巴西幾乎所有在美國出售的汽油是今天百分之十的乙醇混合，作為一個名為e10的混合，和汽車制造商已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)設(shè)計運行于更高的乙醇混合燃料的車輛。福特，戴姆勒克萊斯勒，通用汽車都屬于汽車公司出售“靈活燃料”小汽車，卡車和小型貨車，可以使用汽油和乙醇混合燃料汽油從單純到高達(dá)85乙醇（e85燃料）。到2006年中期，大約有

18、六百萬使用e85兼容美國公路上的車輛。所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是擴大農(nóng)場以外的國家，他們已經(jīng)迄今為止最流行的生物燃料市場。靈活燃料汽車正在協(xié)助這一過渡，因為它們讓駕駛員選擇不同燃料的價格和可用性。在2005年能源政策法案，其中要求75億加侖生物燃料的使用，到2012年，每年也將有助于擴大市場。關(guān)鍵字：乙醇燃料，生物乙醇3 長難句分析及專業(yè)詞匯(a) areas where winds are stronger and more constant, such as offshore and high altitude sites, are preferred locations for wind farms

19、. 這是個地點狀語從句，句中的where指代的是areas.(b) micro hydro systems are hydroelectric power installations that typically produce up to 100kw of power. 這是個主語從句，that指代前面的hydroelectric power installations.(c) the challenge is to expand the market for biofuels beyond the farm states where they have been most popular

20、to date. 這是個be to do的格式，后面的where是個地點狀語從句。(d) wind turines 風(fēng)力渦輪機 wind farm 風(fēng)電場power output 輸出功率hydroelectric energy 水電能源micro hydro systems 微型水電系統(tǒng)tidal power 潮汐發(fā)電ethanol fuel 乙醇燃料bioethanol for sustainable transport 生物乙醇energy policy act 源政策法案 4 中心思想1、風(fēng)力發(fā)電通過風(fēng)力渦輪機增加輸出功率，這將需要近海的大量土地資源，同時風(fēng)能是可再生能源，不會產(chǎn)生溫室

21、氣體。2、華頓州的大古力壩和加納的阿科松博大壩的水能發(fā)電情況。3、乙醇燃料和生物乙醇等新型燃料將走進(jìn)人們的視線，將被應(yīng)用于更多的領(lǐng)域，同時市場的需求也在增大。5 列出文獻(xiàn)1 wind power: capacity factor, intermittency, and what happens when the wind doesnt blow?. retrieved 24 january 2008.2 water density calculator. csg, computer support group, inc. and csgnetwork.com. copyright 197320

22、07. l. retrieved 2007-09-173industry statistics: annual world ethanol production by country. renewable fuels association. archived from the original on 2008-04-08page2. generators and motors(發(fā)電機和電動機)1 english texfrom reference 1homelite company & portable generator modelshomelite used their popular

23、household name and sales channels to sell portable generators powered by honda engines. the most popular series was the lrx line. these were 3000 watt plus models, and offered idle control, several outlet options, and a solid warranty. they also called their contractor line the cs series, and had mo

24、re durable designs and features.homelite lrx3000 generatorsthe growing demands of industrial output have sprung the necessity for high performing generators capable of handling many appliances at a time by leaps and bounds. homelite lrx300 generators are best opted when it comes to generators by maj

25、ority of industries. in order to provide you with uninterrupted power supply, homelite lrx3000 generators offer 6 hp of output using powerful diesel engine hl ohv robin. it has a capacity of 3600 rpm on a continuous run. with these specifications, these generators become a must for each industry. th

26、ese generators are have already taken industry by storm with its flexibility, dependability and endurance factor. with its powerful automated power system, homelite lrx3000 generators, gives a maximum power output of 3000 watts when idle and 2300 watts on continuous run. most suited for all industry

27、 types requiring a quick transient response with outstanding stability. these generators come in various models, which include a competent idle control. they also have an automated and efficient 6% voltage regulation system, which safeguards the industrial appliances from crashing. another interesti

28、ng aspect of these generators is its control panel. they are capable and have built-in system capable of connecting to many appliances and outputs as per your requirement. thereby, it manages all your appliances under single control. being this way, it is easier to operate and supervise various mach

29、ines and appliances connected. its efficient and state-of-the-art technology saves time and is stressfree. it has a low oil shut off which enables optimum fuel consumption. a built-in voltmeter and an hour-meter help to keep track of the efficiency of the generator. they are helpful in maintaining t

30、he record status of the power supply of each appliance also in tracking errors, if any. it gives an overall total output of 120 volts of alternating current. it has a powerful duplex mode of transmission, with capacity of 20 amperes with voltage metering 120 along with a 120v of gf ci duplex mode. t

31、hey have an excellent fuel-efficient system. with a fuel-capacity of about 3 gallons i.e., 11.36 litres, these generators can offer an uninterrupted power supply for around 8.3 hours when run at half load! due to its fuel efficiency and incredible performance, it has become the most sought throughou

32、t for its enduring durability and reliability. today, there are many top industries running homelite lrx3000 generators. with lots of external features along with efficiency and durability, they have become the most preferred generators. they are never hard on ears. they can reach a maximum of 68 de

33、cibels when heard from a height of 46ft or 14 meters. it is quite reasonable while considering the fact that they can support power supply for many industrial appliances all at once! homelite lrx3000 generators come in attractive colors and sizes and are low on maintenance costs. they last longer wh

34、en compared to other models with similar specifications and features. they are lightweight as when compared with other similar models of almost 103 lb. or 47 kilograms net. and usually come with a 365 days general warranty and a 90keywords：homelite，homelite lrx3000from reference 2the caterpillar gen

35、erator company and cat generatorswhenever a business needs an efficient generator or temperature control equipment, cat rental power is always there to provide you the best service. they deal in variety of caterpillar generators designed to fulfill all the requirements of the large industry and can

36、be used for all types of applications. to provide your operations a continuous power supply, caterpillar offers diesel generators ranging from 12kw to 10,475kw and also natural gas generators ranging from 11kw to 4900kw. these generators lead the industry as far as durability, efficiency and reliabi

37、lity are concerned and they form a solid foundation to make a fully automated power system.today, caterpillar is among the worlds largest manufacturers of diesel engines and generators or gen sets. their emissions are compatible with most worldwide regulations, and one can easily specify, purchase,

38、install and operate a caterpillar generator. they also come in variety of factory made designs. cat generators have excellent fuel efficiency and can be used as a single source for complete power solutions. on the other hand, caterpillar gas generators also offer great reliability and durability as

39、they make use of bio gas or natural gas and are also leaders in fuel efficiency. these gas generators give high output with low emissions and have a very simple, but robust design to offer a long and low maintenance life.most of the models have heavy duty components and also state-of-the-art cat dig

40、ital systems for engine supervisory systems. they also have an optimized system for low energy applications. these gas generators, like the diesel generators also act as a single source for complete power solutions. both the diesel and gas generators offer turnkey support from the cat dealer network

41、. today, caterpillar provides 134,000 megawatts of power to the world and this figure increases around 15,000 megawatts every year! - making them a leader in power generation. caterpillar generators are generally available for rent or are sold as custom units. the large generators are generally cust

42、om manufactured. however, the smaller units are regularly available for retail sale. caterpillar is also famous for providing custom business power solutions popularly known as ups (i.e. uninterrupted power supply - not the popular shipping company). caterpillar is fully aware of what quality of pow

43、er means to your business and of the losses that can incur in the event of low productivity due to frequent power breakdowns. as a solution to this problem, caterpillar gives a powerful cat ups that provides a reliable protection against such power breakdowns. the flywheel storage circuit in the ups

44、 provides continuous ac current that works well to override small power breakdowns and can transfer the load to standby power sources!keywords：cat generators，the worlds largest manufacturers of diesel engines and generators or gen sets.from reference 3onan generatorsthe global leader in commercial m

45、obile generator set construction, onan has carved itself a successful niche in the mobile power generator market. eschewing large power capacity and industrial generators in favour of smaller and more portable units, the company develops units primarily for residential and recreational use. due to t

46、heir appealing balance of power and mobility, rv and marine power generators are two of onans most popular products. the former comes equipped with engines fuelled by either diesel, natural gas, or propane; the former is either diesel-powered or gasoline-powered. onan also takes pride in engineering

47、 their portable generators to minimize noise - for the quietest and most neighbour-friendly campground or water experience. specifically for the home, onan manufactures four models of automatic home standby generators - including a powerful 46 kw model - that run on either propane or natural gas. th

48、e onan homesite power line of generators is another residential option, but its focus on portability makes it suited for work, field, or general use, as well. because they do not attempt to cover the whole power generator market, onan have built a focused, effective line of portable power generators

49、. if its for the home, the rv, the seas or the small business, onan builds it.keywords：onan generators，the mobile power generator 2 中文翻譯及分析出自文獻(xiàn)1:homelite公司及便攜式發(fā)電機模型 homelite用他們的名字家喻戶曉，銷售渠道出售本田發(fā)動機供電的便攜式發(fā)電機。最受歡迎的系列是lrx線。這些都是3000瓦特加模型，并提出怠速控制，一些出路選擇，和堅實的保證。他們還呼吁他們的承建商行cs系列，并更耐用的設(shè)計和功能。 homelite lrx3000發(fā)

50、電機 工業(yè)產(chǎn)值不斷提高的要求，涌現(xiàn)出了高處理在時間的跨越式發(fā)電機的電器有能力執(zhí)行的必要性。 homelite lrx300發(fā)電機是最好的選擇當(dāng)涉及到發(fā)電機的大部分行業(yè)。 為了提供您不間斷電源，homelite lrx3000發(fā)生器提供6使用的柴油發(fā)動機hl頂置氣門羅賓輸出馬力。它具有3600 rpm的一個連續(xù)運行的能力。有了這些規(guī)范，這些發(fā)電機成為每個行業(yè)必須的。這些發(fā)電機已經(jīng)采取了與它的靈活性，可靠性和耐久性的因素風(fēng)暴產(chǎn)業(yè)。 憑借其強大的自動供電系統(tǒng)，homelite lrx3000發(fā)生器，給人以最大輸出功率3000瓦時，閑置和連續(xù)運行2300瓦。最適合于所有行業(yè)的需要一個快速的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)和卓

51、越的穩(wěn)定性類型。 這些發(fā)電機有各種型號，其中包括一個主管怠速控制。它們還具有自動，高效的6的電壓調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，從保障工業(yè)設(shè)備崩潰。 這些發(fā)電機的另一個有趣的方面是它的控制面板。他們有能力，有內(nèi)置的系統(tǒng)連接到許多設(shè)備和按您的要求輸出的能力。因此，它管理下的單一控制所有的電器。作為這種方式，更容易操作和監(jiān)督的各種機器和設(shè)備的連接。 它的高效和國家最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，可節(jié)省時間，并stressfree。它有一個低油價關(guān)閉使最佳的燃油消耗。一個內(nèi)置的電壓表和一個小時的米有助于保持了發(fā)電機效率的軌道。他們是在跟蹤誤差也保持了每個設(shè)備的電源供應(yīng)記錄的狀態(tài)，如果任何有幫助的。 它給出了一個120伏特的交流電整體總產(chǎn)出

52、。它具有強大的傳輸雙工模式，與20安培，電壓計量能力隨著石墨傳播雙工模式一120伏120。 他們有一個出色的燃油效率的系統(tǒng)。隨著燃料約3加侖，即11.36公升容量，這些發(fā)電機可以提供一個約8.3負(fù)荷運行時半小時不間斷的電力供應(yīng)！由于其燃料效率和令人難以置信的性能，它已成為最全其持久耐用性和可靠性要求。 今天，有許多運行homelite lrx3000發(fā)生器頂部行業(yè)。隨著隨著效率和耐久性的外部功能很多，他們已成為最優(yōu)先考慮的發(fā)電機。 他們從來沒有在耳朵。他們可以達(dá)到68分貝，最高時從14米高度46英尺或聽到。這是很合理，同時考慮一個事實，即他們可以支持許多工業(yè)設(shè)備的電源全部一次！ homelit

53、e lrx3000發(fā)電機進(jìn)來吸引人的顏色和大小，并以維護(hù)費用低。他們上一次更長相比，具有類似功能的其他規(guī)格和型號。他們是為較輕量級的幾乎一百三英鎊或47公斤網(wǎng)的其他同類機型。而且通常伴隨365天一般保證和一個90天的商業(yè)保證。 出自文獻(xiàn)2：卡特彼勒公司和cat發(fā)電機每當(dāng)企業(yè)需要一個高效發(fā)電機或溫度控制設(shè)備，cat的租金權(quán)力總是在那里為您提供最好的服務(wù)。它們涉及的設(shè)計滿足所有要求的大型工業(yè)品種和卡特彼勒發(fā)電機可用于所有類型的應(yīng)用程序使用。 為了您的操作提供持續(xù)電力供應(yīng)，卡特彼勒提供范圍從12千瓦柴油發(fā)電機到10475千瓦天然氣發(fā)電機組，并從功率11kw到4900千瓦這些發(fā)電機鉛盡可能耐用，效率和

54、可靠性是有關(guān)行業(yè)，并形成了堅實的基礎(chǔ)，讓一個完全自動化的電力系統(tǒng)。 今天，卡特彼勒是世界上最大的柴油發(fā)動機和發(fā)電機或根集制造商。其排放量與全球大多數(shù)法規(guī)兼容，可以方便地指定，購買，安裝和操作卡特彼勒發(fā)電機。他們也來到工廠制造的各種設(shè)計。卡特彼勒發(fā)電機具有優(yōu)良的燃料效率，可作為一個完整的電源解決方案的單一來源。另一方面，卡特彼勒天然氣發(fā)電機組也提供了極大的可靠性和耐用性，因為他們利用沼氣或天然氣的使用，并以燃油效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。這些氣體發(fā)生器提供高輸出，低排放，并有一個非常簡單，但堅固的設(shè)計提供一個長壽命，低維護(hù)。 大多數(shù)模型都重型部件，也是國家的最先進(jìn)的計算機輔助測試發(fā)動機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)。它們

55、還具有低能源的應(yīng)用優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)。這些氣體發(fā)生器，如柴油發(fā)電機，也作為一個完整的電源解決方案的單一來源。無論是柴油和天然氣發(fā)電機提供交鑰匙了貓的經(jīng)銷商網(wǎng)絡(luò)的支持。 今天，卡特彼勒公司提供134,000兆瓦的電力世界，每年約15000兆瓦，這個數(shù)字增加！ - 這使他們在發(fā)電的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。 卡特彼勒發(fā)電機一般可租用或作為自定義單位出售。大型發(fā)電機一般定制生產(chǎn)。但是，較小的單位定期零售發(fā)售。卡特彼勒還負(fù)責(zé)提供定制業(yè)務(wù)普遍的ups電源（即不間斷電源 - 而不是流行的船公司）已知的解決方案而聞名?？ㄌ乇死帐峭耆裁礃拥碾娔苜|(zhì)量意味著你的業(yè)務(wù)和損失，可以在低生產(chǎn)率的事件經(jīng)常會因為電源故障認(rèn)識。作為對這一問題的解決

56、方案，卡特彼勒提供了一個強大的貓，它提供的ups電源故障對這種可靠的保障。在ups飛輪的存儲電路提供了持續(xù)的交流電流行之有效覆蓋小功率故障，可以轉(zhuǎn)移到備用電源的負(fù)荷！ 關(guān)鍵字：cat 發(fā)電機，世界上最大的柴油發(fā)動機和發(fā)電機或根集制造商 出自文獻(xiàn)3：俄南發(fā)電機 “在商用移動發(fā)電機組建設(shè)的全球領(lǐng)袖”，俄南塑造自身在移動發(fā)電機市場的成功定位。避開在更小，更便攜裝置功率大容量的青睞和工業(yè)發(fā)電機，該公司開發(fā)，主要用于住宅和康樂用途單位。 由于他們的權(quán)力和流動性，rv和海洋發(fā)電的吸引力平衡是俄南最受歡迎的產(chǎn)品之一。前者配備了一方柴油，天然氣或丙烷燃料的發(fā)動機，前者可以是柴油動力或汽油動力。俄南也發(fā)生在他們

57、的便攜式發(fā)電機組工程，以減低噪音的驕傲 - 為人類最寧靜和鄰居友好的露營地或水的經(jīng)驗。 特別適用于家庭，俄南生產(chǎn)四種型號的全自動家用備用發(fā)電機 - 包括一個強大的46千瓦的模型 - 無論是上丙烷或天然氣運行。俄南霍姆斯特功率的發(fā)電機線是另一種住宅的選擇，但其重點是適合于便攜性工作，領(lǐng)域，或一般使用，以及使。 因為他們沒有試圖涵蓋整個發(fā)電機市場，俄南建立了一個集中，有效的便攜式發(fā)電機線。如果是為了家庭，風(fēng)疹病毒，海洋或者小企業(yè)的，俄南建立它。 關(guān)鍵字：俄南發(fā)電機，移動發(fā)電機3 長難句分析及專業(yè)詞匯(a)they also have an automated and efficient 6% vo

58、ltage regulation system which safeguards the industrial appliances from crashing. 這是個主語從句，which指代前面的voltage regulation system.(b) caterpillar is fully aware of what quality of power means to your business and of the losses that can incur in the event of low productivity due to frequent power breakdowns.這是個賓語從句，句中的what指代后面