新編英語教程4 unit6[中小學(xué)堂]

1、Unit 6 Text I Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships Text II Slaughter of the Elephant v Text I v Text II v Oral Work v Guided Writing v Listening v Pre-reading Activity v Structure v Vocabulary Acquisition v Intensive Reading v Answer the Questions Orally Text 1: Predators, Parasites and Othe

2、r Relationships 1.Look up the following words in the dictionary. 2.What subjects do you think this text is about? 3.What type of writing is it? What do you anticipate? Text IPre-reading Activity Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships 1. Predator: a wild animal that lives on other animals by ki

3、lling and eating them Parasite: a plant or animal that lives on or in another and gets food from it Ecosystem: a system which relates all the plants, animals and people in an area to their surroundings 2. The title of the text strongly suggests that it is an expository piece of writing on ecology. T

4、ext IPre-reading Activity Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships This is Earth and Sky. When you look at a farm or a ranch, you might think to yourself, thats where _ or _ products come from. You might see _ that goes into clothing, or wood for paper, construction or fuel. But Scott Swinton, a

5、gricultural economist from Michigan State University sees more. He knows that agricultural lands_ air and water, _ greenhouse gases, and provide _ for wild plants and animals. These extra _ are ones that some ecologists have called ecosystem services. And ecosystem services are really just things th

6、at ecosystems provide that humans care about and that we like. Ecosystem services may not be bought and sold in a marketplace. But they have _. Swinton is planning a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what theyd pay for ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas stor

7、age. Its part of an effort to understand the value on ecosystem services. Swinton also wants to understand how _ farming practices affect the ecosystem services that a piece of land provides. And then finally with those kinds of things understood, we can think about designing policy _ for farmers to

8、 produce more of these ecosystem services. Text IListening Practice corndairy cotton filterstore habitat benefits value specific incentives Now, please underline the key words or phrases. Text IList of key words of each paragraph 1. Predators include lions, wolves, robins, frogs, humans, etc. 2. Hum

9、ans are the greatest predators known 3. Predators do not really have an easy time killing defenseless prey. Now, please underline the key words or phrases. Text IList of key words of each paragraph 4. Parasites often spend an entire lifetime with their hosts. 5. Man makes use of predators and parasi

10、tes to control the number of some pests. This is called biological control. 6. Parasites and their hosts are closely associated with each other, and that is an example of symbiosis. Text IStructure Exposition To support a generalization with a specific case To support an abstraction with a concrete

11、instance To develops his material by offering examples and details To use the common method Of illustrating an idea by examples Text IVocabulary Acquisition Write down the definition of each word that fits the context. 1. carnivore (L.4) 2. prey on (L.17) 3. superb (L.25) 4. array (L.13) 5. species

12、(L.25) 6. ad infinitum (L.38) 7. deliberately (l.42) A flesh-eating animal Hunt an animal of any kind excellent A collection A group of plants or animals of the same kind Without end, forever (Latin) On purpose, intentionally Some predators, carnivores such as lions 1. A flesh-eating animal. 食肉動物 2.

13、 Any of various predatory, flesh-eating mammals of the order Carnivora, including the dogs, cats, bears, weasels, hyenas, and raccoons. 食肉動物：食肉目各種食肉性哺乳動物的一種，包括狗、 貓、熊、鼬、鬣狗以及浣熊 3. An insectivorous plant. 食蟲植物 n. adj. carnivorous Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animals v. on / upon 1.

14、To hunt, catch, or eat as prey: 捕食捕食 2. To victimize or make a profit at someone elses expense. 使使成為犧牲品：使成為犧牲品：使成為犧牲品或以損害他人謀利成為犧牲品或以損害他人謀利 3. To plunder or pillage. 搶劫或搶奪搶劫或搶奪 4. To exert a baneful or injurious effect: 折磨，使痛苦折磨，使痛苦 prey: v. quarry. 捕獲物，獵物捕獲物，獵物 2. One that is defenseless, especially

15、 in the face of attack; a victim. 犧牲品犧牲品 3. The act or practice of preying. 捕獵，捕食捕獵，捕食 詞組：詞組： 1) be become, fall a prey to 成了成了.的受害者的受害者, 受受.的折磨的折磨 2) easy prey 容易捕獲的獵物容易捕獲的獵物; 容易上鉤者容易上鉤者; 頭腦簡單的人頭腦簡單的人 3) make a prey of 把把.當(dāng)作食物當(dāng)作食物獵獲物獵獲物 4) seek after ones prey 尋食尋食; 尋求戰(zhàn)利品尋求戰(zhàn)利品 prey upon Please tran

16、slate: 我不知道在動物世界里是否總是弱肉強食。我不知道在動物世界里是否總是弱肉強食。 I dont know if it is always the case in the animal world that stronger animals prey upon the weaker ones. People usually believe that predators have an easy time of it, killing defenseless prey. Please paraphrase: People usually think that predators do n

17、ot have to make an effort to kill the prey animals, since they prey have no means of protecting themselves. strength and size, and formidable claws and teeth formidable: adj. 1) Arousing fear, dread, or alarm: 可怕的：引起恐懼或憂慮的：可怕的：引起恐懼或憂慮的： E.g. the formidable prospect of major surgery. 2) Inspiring awe

18、, admiration, or wonder: 不可思議的：引起敬畏、欽佩或驚奇的：不可思議的：引起敬畏、欽佩或驚奇的： 3) Difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat: 難對付的：難以完成、克服或?qū)Ω兜模弘y對付的：難以完成、克服或?qū)Ω兜模?E.g. a formidable challenge; a formidable opponent. My experience shows quite the contrary -the tiger has to work quiet hard for its meals, I estimate that

19、, for every wild prey killed, the tiger makes twenty to thirty unsuccessful attempts. Please paraphrase: What I have gone through proves quiet opposite, i.e., the tiger has to make a real effort to get something to cat. I would say that in order to catch one wild animal, the tiger has to try to make

20、 twenty to thirty attempts. If the wolf could capture prime, healthy prey, it prime 1. most important synonym main e.g. 吸煙是引起肺病的主要原因。吸煙是引起肺病的主要原因。 Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease. 我們主要關(guān)切是為所有畢業(yè)生提供工作崗位。我們主要關(guān)切是為所有畢業(yè)生提供工作崗位。 Our prime concern is providing jobs for all the graduates. 2. of the

21、 very best quality or kind The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley. 3. be a prime candidate/target (for something) Old people are a prime target for thieves. 4. prime example Blakey Hall is a prime example of a 19th century building. So, naturalists observe, a flea Hath smaller fleas

22、 than he on him prey; And these have smaller still to bite em, And so proceed ad infinitum. Please paraphrase: Naturalists have observed that fleas have smaller fleas living on and feeding off them, and these have even smaller fleas on them. This phenomenon continues almost indefinitely. 扁虱扁虱 fungi:

23、 n. 真菌真菌, 菌類菌類 singular : fungus bacteria: n. 細菌細菌 singular: bacterium adj. bacteria-free 無菌的無菌的 flatworm: n. 扁形蟲扁形蟲 tick: n.動動扁虱扁虱 mite: n. 螨類螨類 Since there are many parasitic fungi, bacteria, flatworms, insects, ticks, and mites. mongoose in hopes that 希望著希望著 In the hope of 希望能希望能 e.g. We came to

24、the island in the hope of finding a simpler way of life. in vain hope 幻想地幻想地, 空想地空想地 last hope 最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人 live in hope(s) 仍然希望情況會好轉(zhuǎn)仍然希望情況會好轉(zhuǎn) lose all hope(s) 完全失望完全失望 elm spanworm bluebird controlling the importation of plants and animals to the U.S. importation: n. 反：反：exportati

25、on 1. The act or business of importing. 進口：進口的生意或行為進口：進口的生意或行為 2. The condition or process of being imported. 進口：進口的狀態(tài)或過程進口：進口的狀態(tài)或過程 3. Something imported; an import. 輸入物，進口貨輸入物，進口貨 詞組：詞組： duty-free importation 免稅進口免稅進口 foreign capital importation 引進外資引進外資 unilateral importation exportation 單邊進單邊進出出

26、口口 Fish caller remoras attach themselves to sharks. They get a free ride and eat fragments of the sharks food. Please paraphrase: Remoras, a type of fish, cling themselves to sharks, go where the sharks go and eat bits of sharks food. There are many other commensal relationships in the sea. commensa

27、l : adj. a fragment. 小塊，少許；碎片小塊，少許；碎片 2. scraps Leftover bits of food. scraps 殘羹剩飯殘羹剩飯 3. Discarded waste material, especially metal suitable for reprocessing. 廢料：尤指可以回收的廢金屬廢料：尤指可以回收的廢金屬 v.tr.（及物動詞）（及物動詞） 1. To break down into parts for disposal or salvage. 打碎打碎 2. To discard as worthless; junk. 廢棄；

28、拋棄廢棄；拋棄 The organism that make up a lichen couldnt survive long apart. Please paraphrase: The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separately. 1.Why is the killing of elephants in some areas necessary? 2.Why do some hunters refuse to school an elephant? 3.Why is the planned mas

29、s slaughter of five thousand elephants in the Tsavo Game Park justified? 4.In what way is an elephant different from other animals? 5.What is humane about the method used for killing elephants? 6.What does” the affairs of men” mean? 7.What is the authors attitude towards the slaughter of the elephan

30、ts? What do you think of this attitude? Text IIExtensive Reading Questions Slaughter of the Elephants Important words: 1. Slaughter 2. Contemplate (L.2) 3. Understandable (L.3) 4. Beast (L. 3) 5. Fascination (L.4) 6. Magnificent (L.5) 7. Tread (L.6) 8. Death throes (L.8) 9. Justification (L.12) 10.

31、Massacre (L. 12) 11. air-to-ground radio (L. 17) 12. fatal / instantaneously (L.19) 13. humane (L.20) 14.Retreat (L.21) 15.Density (L.23) 16.Allocate (L.24) 17.Diminish (L.25) 18.Encroach (L.26) 19.Altitude (L.29) 20.Appetite (L.30) 21.Spray (L.36) 22.Drift (L.42) Text IIPractice Workbook, Page 81,

32、Comprehension Oral Work For or Against? Chen Ling and Yuan Hua are roommates. Chen Ling has read an article in todays newspaper on “For or Against Killing wolves”. Chen tells Yuan about it and, as they have different opinions, they begin to argue. Oral Work A Discussion on the Nuclear Power Station

33、Here are some expressions which can be used to show disagreement: I dont think so. But it/ you cant be You are wrong. It certainly isnt I never. / I dont agree./ Thats not true. / Thats not the point. Why should they.? I doubt if that would work. What do you say to the argument that? Prcis Writing P

34、aragraph Writing Letter Writing Prcis Writing Practice: write prcis of Atomic Cars A.Working in groups of two or three, choose the opening sentence from among the following on P75. B.Working in groups and decide which of the following details are necessary for the prcis. Paragraph Writing Argument:

35、P75 1) What is the usage of argument? 2) How many courses are there in an argument? Letter Writing Asking a Favor: P76 Write a letter asking a favor.Write a letter asking a favor. Writer, Addressee, Introduction, Purpose, Conclusion, Ending v Listening Comprehension v Dictation Listening Listening D

36、ictation A Useful Words and Expressions: * visual artist 視覺藝術(shù)家視覺藝術(shù)家 * selection n. 選擇選擇, 挑選挑選 * countless adj. 無數(shù)的無數(shù)的, 數(shù)不盡的數(shù)不盡的 * exceptional adj. 例外的例外的, 異常的異常的 a man of exceptional talent具有特殊才能的人具有特殊才能的人 exceptional weather異常的氣候異常的氣候 exceptional promotion破格提升破格提升 * motion n . 運動運動, 動作動作 * response

37、 n. 響應(yīng)響應(yīng), 反應(yīng)反應(yīng) call forth no response in sbs breast 在某人心中不起反應(yīng)在某人心中不起反應(yīng) in response to 響應(yīng)響應(yīng), 反應(yīng)反應(yīng) make no response 不回答不回答 * indicate vt. 顯示顯示, 象征象征 * contemporary adj. 當(dāng)代的當(dāng)代的, 同時代的同時代的 * without reference to adv. 不論不論, 與與無關(guān)無關(guān) Listening Dictation A Artists Every artist knows in his heart that he is sa

38、ying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. What visual artists, like painters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not w

39、ords. They seem to feel that a certain se1ection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response；their choices

40、indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the char

41、acter of their subjects. (156 words) Listening Dictation B Useful Words and Expressions: * professional adj. 專業(yè)的專業(yè)的, 職業(yè)的職業(yè)的 professional knowledge專業(yè)知識專業(yè)知識 professional men專家專家(尤指醫(yī)生、律師等尤指醫(yī)生、律師等) a professional singer職業(yè)歌唱家職業(yè)歌唱家 * be named for被指定作被指定作 * resident n. 居民居民 * enthusiastically adv. 熱心地?zé)嵝牡? 狂熱地狂熱地 * stand for v . 代表代表, 象征象征 * be