介詞加關(guān)系代詞定語從句上課講義

1、此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”型定語從句五大考點 “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是英語語法中的難點和重點, 近年來高考對這一語法結(jié) 構(gòu)的考查大有升溫之勢。 在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只有 which 和 whom 。如先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which ；如先行 詞是人，則引導(dǎo)詞用 whom 。如： This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the book. 考點 1 簡單介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 知識

2、歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用 whom, 指物時只能用 which ；介詞選擇的 依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的 動詞、形容詞、 名詞與介詞的固定搭配 而定；或者 以先行詞與從句 中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定 ；或者 以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定 ，并且 含 有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動詞之后 。 (1) 根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞，其動詞或介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動詞短語。例如： Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for) In the dark street, there wasn t a sin

3、gle person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help) The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb) (2) 根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語。例如： The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure abo

4、ut) The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of) (3) 根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時間、地點、原因、方 法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”在定語從句中充當(dāng) 時間、地點、原因狀語時，可分別用 when, where, why 替換。例如： I ” ll never forget the dayon which (=when) I joined the army. The fac

5、tory in which (=where) his father works is far away from my hometown. I don ” t know the reason for which (=why) he was late. (4) 根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動詞不是由 固定的動詞短語構(gòu)成的，這時，要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思，選用不同的介詞。例如： This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera. This is the pilot with whom my brother has work

6、ed for ten years. This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 1. (2004 全國卷 ) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：關(guān)系代詞 which 指代 the journey, 定語從句恢復(fù)為獨立的句子是： The sailing time of the journe

7、y was 226 days.故答案選 A。 2. (2004 全國卷 ) The English play my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：本句主句部分應(yīng)是 The English play at the New Years party was a great success. 從句補全 為獨立的句子是 :My students acted in the play. 故答案選 C 。 3. （200

8、4 上海卷 ） American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 解析：先行詞為 someone被關(guān)系代詞 whom代替在從句中作talk with的賓語，介詞 with可 以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，identify.as.意為把當(dāng)作”，故答案選D。 考點 2 復(fù)雜介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which, whom, whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜介詞有： as a resu

9、lt of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of 等。例如： We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided? 考點 3 簡單介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 +名詞 知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及

10、 整個句子的含義。高考考例： （1995 上海 ） In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on whichD. by which 解析：介詞 by 表示時間的意思是“到那時為止” 。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直 到下午 5： 30 才有空，那時許多人都已經(jīng)回家了” 。故答案選 D。 考點 4 the+ 名詞 +of+ 關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系，口

11、語中常用whose + 名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“ of which the +名詞”。 高考考例： （2000 上海 ） Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose 解析：答案選B。本題就是一個考查the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個典型例子。這里the price of which 指代 the price of the vase, 答案也可以是 whose p

12、rice。 考點5表示部分的詞語+ of +關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納：此時，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是 which。表示部分 的詞語常見的有： 不定代詞 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 數(shù)詞 （含基數(shù)詞， 序數(shù)詞， 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）;數(shù)詞+名詞；the+最高級/比較級，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語 many, most, few, several, eno ugh, half a, a quarter。高考考例： 1. （2004 湖北卷 ） There are two buildings, s ta n d s nearl

13、y a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 解析：答案為 D。 the larger of which 指代 the larger of the two buildings; B 選項缺少一個連詞。 2. （2004 遼寧卷 ） The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. A. of whichB. whic

14、h ofC. of themD. of that 解析：答案為 A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的 50 萬雙鞋子有 80%都是銷往國外的。 “介詞 關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句常見錯誤 我們在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句時,常常會看到 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ,即把從句中的某一介 詞或介詞短語提到關(guān)系代詞前.使用這類定語從句時 ,常常會出現(xiàn)五類錯誤 .現(xiàn)在歸納如下： 一、關(guān)系詞的誤用 1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom) 2. I lost the book i

15、n that there are five color pictures. (which) 3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which) 4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which) 簡析 :當(dāng)介詞位于從句的句首時 ,介詞后一般用關(guān)系代詞 whom( 指人,如 1 不可為 who 所 代替)或which(指物，如2先行詞即使為表示時間或地點的名詞，介詞后也不能用 when或 where,如3和

16、4).不過，注意介詞from有時根據(jù)句意的需要，也可以接where.如： He hid himself behind the door， from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk他躲在門后面，從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西一下.(指from behind the door從門后面,并非指from the door從門) 二、拆開從句中極固定的動詞搭配 5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the

17、 woman had looked after for many years) 簡析 ：若將定語從句中搭配極為固定的短語中的介詞提前，其中的短語可能會失去它們本 身的意義或可能使句子產(chǎn)生歧義 ，如 look after， look for， depend on， go in for ( 迷戀)等短語. 三、介詞與定語從句所修飾的先行詞搭配不當(dāng) 6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. (on) 7. She wanted to find the way with which she could m

18、ake everyone live more happily. (in) 簡析:6. on the farm為習(xí)慣搭配，表示”在農(nóng)場;7. in與way搭配，表示”用辦法，以 方式. 四、介詞與定語從句中的謂語部分搭配不當(dāng) 8. In the dark street， there wasnt a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to) 9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to) 10. Can you find an object with which your t

19、oy is similar? (to) 簡析:8. turn to sb. for help表示向某人求助;9. tie與to連用 表示”拴/系到上”;10. similar與to搭配，表示與相似. 五、介詞與句子的具體含義搭配不當(dāng) 11. I cant remember the age in which I won that prize. (at) 12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in) 簡析:根據(jù)全句意義,11中的age作”年歲”解應(yīng)與at搭配;12中的age表示”時期，時代,應(yīng) 與 in 搭配 .

20、 練習(xí)： 用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~ +關(guān)系代詞”填空。 1. We have many labs， the largest was built last year. 2. The strange force is gravity the earth pulls all bodies. 3. The English play my students acted at the New Year ” s party was a great success. 4. He offered us a lot of money we couldn ” t buy these machines. 5. Now we h

21、ave very powerful telescopes we can study the skies. 1. I don t think the number of people this happens is very large. A. whom B. to whom C. on whom D. which 2. The school has 3,000 students, 1,800 are men. A. whose B. of whom C. that D. of which 3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was ver

22、y reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 4. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 5. She wrote a lot of stories for children, this is one example. A. in which B. of which C. among them D. of th

23、em 6. He offered us a lot of money we couldn t buy these machines. A. without which B. with that C. with which D. without that 7. Mary, for help, has gone to England. A. who I can go to B. whom I can go C. to whom I can go D. I can go to 8. Now we have very powerful telescopes we can study the skies

24、. A. in which B. with which C. through which D. by which 9. The man she was married was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who 10. Tom, I went to the concert, is a friend of mine. A. whom B. who C. with whom D. whose 1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, is a hospital. A. in w

25、here B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brothers purse,he put 1,000, was missing on the bus. A. thereB. whichC. in whichD. that 3. The football match the students competed yesterday was very wonderful. A. in which B. which C. in that D. that 4. The reason he wa

26、s late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour. A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which 5. His glasses, he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those 6. The computer, he paid 3,000, was once owned by his u

27、ncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that 7. In the past we lost many chances, we paid little attention. A. which B. thatC. in which D. to which 8. The pen, I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with whichB. with that C. as D. with it 9. Mary has two brothers, are doctors. A. both of

28、 theyB. both of whomC. both of them D. whom of both 10. The problem you argued about yesterday has been solved. A. thatB. whatC. whyD. for which 11. My aunt bought me a book, the name I have forgotten. A. of itB. which C. whose D. of which 12. On the way home I met my friend John, from home the thief h