so和such用法及區(qū)別全解19506

1、so和such用法及區(qū)別全解19506so和such用法及區(qū)別全解 such和so兩個(gè)單詞意思相近，使用時(shí)很容易混淆。其實(shí)，這兩個(gè)單詞的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它們的詞性不同；such為形容詞，意為“這（那）樣的；這（那）種；如此的”，主要修飾名詞；如： No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 而so是副詞，意為“這（那）么；這（那）樣；如此地”，主要修飾形容詞、副詞和分詞。如： Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was n

2、ot so much angry as disappointed. 但是，such和so都可以用于名詞詞組。本文主要介紹一下它們?cè)诿~詞組中的用法。 一、后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式 1、直接跟名詞時(shí)，用such；如：However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing. Why are you in such a hurry? 注意：當(dāng)such前面有no時(shí)，必須省去不定冠詞a(an)，因?yàn)閚o such本身已經(jīng)包括了不定冠詞，相當(dāng)于not such a(an)；如： I have no such book.

3、(= I havent such a book.) 2、跟帶有形容詞的名詞時(shí)，既可以用such，也可以用so，但應(yīng)注意冠詞位置的不同，如： I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man. He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brother. 二、后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或集合名詞，無(wú)論有無(wú)修飾語(yǔ)都用such，如：Such things often happen in our daily lif

4、e. Such people are dangerous. Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other. He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper. 三、后接不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)論有無(wú)修飾語(yǔ)都用such，如： Did you ever see such weather? You cant drink such hot milk. She made such rapid progress that she soon

5、 began to write articles in English. 四、當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或集合名詞之前有few，many；不可數(shù)名詞之前有l(wèi)ittle，much修飾時(shí)，用so，如： so many people / so many students / so few days so much time / so much money / so little time等。 注意：上述詞組中的so實(shí)際上修飾名詞前的形容詞。比較下列兩句： I have met many such people in my life. I didnt expect to meet so many people the

6、re. 上述兩句中都有many，但卻分別用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含義也不同。在中，many和such同時(shí)修飾后面的名詞；而句中的so修飾的則是many。 五、當(dāng)many、much、little、few單獨(dú)作為名詞使用時(shí)，用so；如： There are so few that I cant give you one. This is the girl I have told you so much about. So much for today. 六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)

7、名詞，但它的位置通常是放在這些詞的后面，如： All such possibilities must be considered. I need some such cards. One such dictionary is enough for me.We have had several such Chinese paintings already. I hope never to meet with another such accident. 一,so的常見(jiàn)用法 1.當(dāng)so作副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),表示程度,意為這么,那么.如: Don t be so silly. 別那么傻. He

8、 ran so fast. 他跑得那么快. 2.如果so后無(wú)形容詞,則so不能與名詞連用.如: I ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child). 我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)個(gè)兒那么高的小孩. 切不可以說(shuō)He is so a child. 但是,so little,so much可與不可數(shù)名詞連用,so few,so many可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用.如: Tom ate so much food a meal. 湯姆一餐吃了那么多的食物. There re so few people in the hall. 大廳里的人很少. 3.Sothat 意為如此以至于,

9、是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型,也是中考?？嫉木湫?如: Jane s leg was so painful that she couldn t move at all. 簡(jiǎn)的腿那么疼,以至于根本動(dòng)不了. 該句型還可以轉(zhuǎn)換成So + adj.+ a/an+名詞結(jié)構(gòu).如: Mike is so clever a boy that all like him. 麥克這么聰明,大家都喜歡他. so that意為以便,為的是,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句(該目的狀語(yǔ)通常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ))如: They can help you to compare two different products so that you can bu

10、y the one you really like. 他們能幫助你比較兩種不同的產(chǎn)品,以便你能買(mǎi)到自己真正喜歡的. so that從句還可表示結(jié)果,意為因此, 如: His pen is missing,so that he hasn t done his homework. 他的筆不見(jiàn)了,因此他無(wú)法完成作業(yè). 4.so與動(dòng)詞say,tell,think,believe,suppose等連用,可以替代一個(gè)意義完整的賓語(yǔ)從句.如: Is she a top student in her class Yes,I think so. 她是她們班最好的學(xué)生嗎 是的,我想是這樣. so與動(dòng)詞do連用,意

11、為這樣做,以避免重復(fù)前面的有關(guān)內(nèi)容.而if so意為如果是這樣.如: He did so in order to help her. 他這樣做是為了幫助她. Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please 你是學(xué)生嗎 如果是,請(qǐng)問(wèn)你叫什么名字 5.So + be/其他助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),意為同樣,也.這一結(jié)構(gòu)在中考試題中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn).如: I usually go to bed at night. So do I. 我通常晚上睡覺(jué). 我也是. 6.so作連詞,表示結(jié)果,意為所以,因此.如: Ho

12、w do you like this shirt It s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much. 你喜歡這件襯衣嗎 它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜歡. 7.not so +adj./adv.(原級(jí))+as是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的比較級(jí)句型,也是中考?？嫉木湫?意思是不如,不及.如: The man doesn t work so hard as me. 這個(gè)人工作不如我努力. 二,such的常見(jiàn)用法 1.such是限定詞,常和名詞連用,意為如此的,這樣的.如: She is such a kind woman. 她是一個(gè)如

13、此善良的女人. Grandpa often told us such funny stories. 爺爺常給我們講這么有趣的故事. Dont go out in such bad weather. 天氣這么糟,不要1.so可以用作連詞，表示“因此，所以”。例：I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why.so that作為連詞詞組，表示 “以便，為了”。例：The vase is put high on the table, so that it wont be broken.2.so可以用作形容詞，表示“是這

14、樣的，是真的”。例：The newspapers claim she killed him in self defence but that just isnt so.3.so可以用作副詞，表示1)“如此，這么”結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+adj./adv例：She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast.表示此意思時(shí)，還可以用：so+adj.+a/an+n.例：It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.2)“如此，如是”，用于表示已經(jīng)提到的想法，建議或情況等例：“W

15、ill I need my umbrella?”“I think so.”3)“也是，也一樣”結(jié)構(gòu)為so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)例：Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.注意否定句應(yīng)把so改為neither/nor，結(jié)構(gòu)為neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)例：Jenny has never been late for class.Neither/Nor her younger brother.4)“確實(shí)是這樣”，表示對(duì)前面陳述事實(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，結(jié)構(gòu)為so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be

16、動(dòng)詞例：Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.5)“似乎，那么”，表示驚訝、不同意或者嘲諷例：So you think youve got troubles?常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：and so on/and so forth：等等；so as to(do)：以便；so that+從句：以便例：We eat different vegetables， such as tomato，potato，celery，and so on.They got up early so as to catch the first bus.They got up

17、 so early that they could catch the first bus. 6)有時(shí)可與并列連詞and連用，構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)and so（相當(dāng)于so）：He told me to do it and so I did it.他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。He worked hard and so he succeeded.他勤奮鞏固走，所以他取得了成功。There was so much to eat and so few people to eat it.有這么多東西可吃，而吃的人又這么少。I forgot to post the letter, and so she never h

18、eard about my divorce.我忘了寄那封信了，所以她一直不知道我離婚的事。4.不要按漢語(yǔ)意思將“因?yàn)樗浴敝弊g為“becauseso：誤：Because he was ill, so he couldnt come. (去掉because或so中任意一個(gè))so的用法： 副詞adv.（表示程度）這樣；如此地 wordthatonesayswhenonetellshowmuch,howbig,etc.somethingorsomeoneis Dontwalksofast. 別走得這樣快。 ThebagissoheavythatIcantcarryit. 這個(gè)袋子太重了，我拿不動(dòng)。

19、ItisnotsogoodasIthought. 它沒(méi)有我想的那么好。 ItwassocoldthatIworetwosweaters. 天氣是那么冷，我穿了兩件毛衣。 副詞adv.非常；很 very Youaresokind. 你真好。 Whyareyousolate? 你為什么這樣晚呢？ Iamsogladtoseeyou. 我看到你很高興。 副詞adv.這樣；那樣 inthisway;inthatway Holdyourpenso. 這樣拿筆。 Dontshoutso! 不要這樣大聲喊叫！ Andsothemonthsandyearswentby. 就這樣，一月月、一年年地過(guò)去了。 副詞

20、adv.也；同樣 also Carolisveryprettyandsoishersister. 卡羅爾很漂亮，她姐姐也很漂亮。 HelikesskatingandsodoI. 他喜歡滑冰，我也喜歡。 DickspeaksFrenchandsodoeshisbrother. 狄克講法語(yǔ)，他弟弟也講法語(yǔ)。 副詞adv.（表示同意）是的 wordtoshowthatoneagrees Tomorrowisaholiday.Soitis. “明天是休假日?！薄暗拇_是?！?副詞adv.因而；所以 therefore Iwasbusywithmystudiesandsodidnottakethejob.

21、 我忙于學(xué)習(xí)，所以沒(méi)有接受那個(gè)工作。 連詞conj.所以；結(jié)果是 forthisreason;forthatreason Speakclearly,sotheymayunderstandyou. 說(shuō)得清楚一些，好讓他們聽(tīng)懂你的話。 Ididntgotobeduntilelevenlastnight,soIgotuplate. 昨晚我十一時(shí)才睡覺(jué)，因此今天起床晚了。 Itwaslate,soIwenthome. 天晚了，所以我就回家了。 Theshopisclosed,soIcantbuythebread. 商店關(guān)門(mén)了，所以我不能買(mǎi)面包。 感嘆詞int.（感嘆詞）表示驚訝 (exclam.wor

22、d)thatshowsoneisalittlesurprised Soyouvecomebackagain! 你又回來(lái)了！ Sohereweareagain. 啊，我們又在這兒了。 Sowewilldowhatyouwant. 好！我們將照你希望的去做。 代詞pron.這樣；如此 thatwhichisasmentionedbefore Ihopeso. 我希望如此。 代詞pron.或多或少；左右 (orso)moreorless Hemustbethirtyorso. 他一定有三十多歲了。 Sheworkedanhourorsoonherspellinglesson. 她用了一個(gè)小時(shí)左右的時(shí)

23、間學(xué)習(xí)拼讀課。 代詞pron.同樣地 thesame IamagoodcitizenandIwillstayso. 我是個(gè)好公民，今后仍然是。 andsoon 諸如此類；等等 WestudyPolitics,Chinese,Englishandsoon. 我們學(xué)政治、中文、英文等等。such可以分為三種不同的詞性。一、形容詞的用法1.such做形容詞，是最常見(jiàn)、也是最簡(jiǎn)單的用法，起到一種強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 Shes got such talent. 她很有天賦。 Were having such a wonderful time. 我們過(guò)得很愉快。 Ive had such a shock.我大吃一驚

24、。 Why are you in such a hurry? 為什么你這么匆忙？2. 注意上面的第二個(gè)例子，such a wonderful time。通常情況下，如果such與名詞之間還帶有形容詞，這時(shí)不提倡使用such，因?yàn)闀?huì)引起歧義。而要說(shuō)so wonderful a time或者a time so wonderful。3.當(dāng)句子末尾加上that引導(dǎo)從句，形成such.that結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，表示因?yàn)榍懊嫣岬降脑?，引起了某種結(jié)果。 He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me. 他總是用那種方式跟我說(shuō)話，

25、總是使得我覺(jué)得受到了侮辱。 It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 這是個(gè)乏味的演說(shuō)，使得我睡著了。二、限定詞的用法4.所謂“限定詞”，指的是對(duì)名詞的涵義加以限制的詞。又分為后對(duì)應(yīng)限定和前對(duì)應(yīng)限定兩種。5.前對(duì)應(yīng)限定的such，指的是前面提到過(guò)的某一種類。 He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的項(xiàng)鏈。這一定值幾千元，他想。 This isnt the only story of crulty to childr

26、en. Many such cases are reported every day. 這并非虐待兒童的唯一事件。每天都有許多類似案例被報(bào)道。6.后對(duì)應(yīng)限定的such，指的是后面將要提到的某一種類。通常使用such . as/that .的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她從未遇到過(guò)這樣的災(zāi)難。 The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo. 這個(gè)結(jié)打得很牢固，根本解不開(kāi)。 Such advice as he wa

27、s given proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建議，被證明毫無(wú)價(jià)值。 Hes not such a fool as he looks. 他并非看上去那樣蠢。注意，規(guī)范的用法是，這時(shí)應(yīng)避免使用such.that，而只使用such.as，方便與前面的第3點(diǎn)相區(qū)分。三、代詞的用法7.such做代詞的時(shí)候，也分為前指代和后指代兩種。8.前指代的意思是，指代前面提到過(guò)的某個(gè)人或某件事。通常，這時(shí)指代的是前面整句話的涵義。 Cricket was boring. Such was her opinion befor meeting Ian. 板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直

28、這么認(rèn)為。 Shes a competent manager and has always been regarder as such by her colleagues. 她是一個(gè)能干的經(jīng)理。同事們一直這樣看待她。9.后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某個(gè)人或某件事。這時(shí)通常采用such as to do sth或such that的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight. 這就是電視的影響，它可以使人一夜成名。 The pain in her foot wasnt such as to

29、 stop her walking. 她腳上的痛，還沒(méi)有到妨礙走路的地步。 The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair. 損害很嚴(yán)重，要用很多錢(qián)才能修好。四、詞組 such as 和 as such10.such as可以連在一起，作為詞組使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like類似。 Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 像蘭花和櫻草花那樣的野花，越來(lái)越少見(jiàn)了。 Large and important projects such as t

30、his one often take years to develop. 類似這一個(gè)的大型重要項(xiàng)目，需要好多年才能發(fā)展起來(lái)。11.詞組as such通常用在詞尾，其實(shí)只是代詞用法的一個(gè)引申，或者表示“像看上去那樣”。 If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such. 既然這不是真的香檳酒，就不應(yīng)該這樣標(biāo)識(shí)。 The new job is not promotion as such but it has good prospects. 新工作并非真的升職，不過(guò)前景不錯(cuò)。五、莎士比亞著作中的such例句12.s

31、uch是一個(gè)很老的詞，莎士比亞就經(jīng)常用。下面是一些從他著作中選出的例句。 Good night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow, Romeo and Juliet: II, ii 良宵，良宵！此時(shí)分別真是甜蜜又悲傷。 羅密歐與朱麗葉第二幕，第二場(chǎng) We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep. The Tempest: IV, iv 構(gòu)成我們的料子也就是那夢(mèng)幻的料子，我們短暫的一生，前后都環(huán)繞在酣睡之中。 暴風(fēng)雨第四幕，

32、第四場(chǎng) Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we: For such as we are made of, such we be. The Twelfth Night 唉，原因在于我們的弱點(diǎn)，而非我們：因?yàn)槲覀冇墒裁床牧现瞥?，就?huì)成為什么樣子。 第十二夜 I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, than such a Roman. Julius Caesar: IV, iii 我寧愿做一只向月亮狂吠的狗，也不愿做這樣一個(gè)羅馬人。 尤利烏斯愷撒第四幕，第三場(chǎng) Teach not thy lip such scorn,

33、for it was made For kissing, lady, not for such contempt. KING RICHARD III: I, ii 何必如此出言譏諷，夫人，天生你可親吻的香唇，不是給你做侮蔑之用的。 理查三世第一幕，第三場(chǎng) We were, fair queen, Two lads that thought there was no more behind. But such a day to-morrow as to-day. And to be boy eternal. The Winters Tale: I, ii 我們那時(shí)是兩個(gè)不知道有將來(lái)的孩子，以為明

34、天就跟今天一樣，永遠(yuǎn)是個(gè)孩子。 明天的故事第一幕，第二場(chǎng)一、such as 的七個(gè)用法1. 表示舉例，意為“例如，諸如此類的，像那樣的”，相當(dāng)于like或for example。如：There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像濟(jì)慈和雪萊這樣的詩(shī)人現(xiàn)在很少了。Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “quickly” in “she ran fast”. 副詞用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be acti

35、ve all winter，finding food wherever they can . 像兔和鹿這樣的動(dòng)物整個(gè)冬天都是很活躍的，它們到處尋找食物。用于此義時(shí)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：(1) 這類結(jié)構(gòu)既可表現(xiàn)為“名詞+such as+例子”，也可表現(xiàn)為“such+名詞+as+例子”。如：I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one. 我喜歡像這首歌一樣的歌。(2) 若后接動(dòng)詞，通常用動(dòng)名詞，有時(shí)也可用動(dòng)詞原形。如：Dont do anything silly such as marry him. 不要做什么蠢事，比如說(shuō)去嫁

36、給他。Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat. 魔術(shù)師常常變從帽子里抓出兔子的戲法。(3) 不要按漢語(yǔ)意思將such as用作such like。(4) 其后不可列出前面所提過(guò)的所有東西。如：正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四種語(yǔ)言，如日語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)。誤：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四種語(yǔ)言，如漢語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、

37、日語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。(5) 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，such as可與etc. 連用。如：They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers，etc. 他們種了許多種花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。They export a 1ot of fruits，such as oranges，lemons，etc. 他們出口許多水果，如桔子、檸檬等。2. 表示“像這樣的”，其中的 as 用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。此外，不要按漢語(yǔ)意思把該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 as 換成like。如：He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來(lái)那么傻。Such men as he (is) are