[語言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全]公共英語五級分類模擬題Health and Body Care(一)

1、書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學(xué)子：學(xué)業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全公共英語五級分類模擬題Health and Body Care(一)公共英語五級分類模擬題Health and Body Care(一)Unit 1Part Medical Marijuana - Reefer Madness Marijuana is medically useful, whether politicians like it or not. If cannabis were unknown, and bioprospectors were suddenly to find it in

2、some remote mountain crevice, its discovery would no doubt be hailed as a medical breakthrough. Scientists would praise its potential for treating everything from pain to cancer, and marvel at its rich pharmacopoeia - many of whose chemicals mimic vital molecules in the human body. In reality, canna

3、bis has been with humanity for thousands of years and is considered by many governments (notably Americas) to be a dangerous drug without utility. Any suggestion that the plant might be medically useful is politically controversial, whatever the science says. It is in this context that, on April 20t

4、h, Americas Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a statement saying that smoked marijuana has no accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. The statement is curious in a number of ways. For one thing, it overlooks a report made in 1999 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), part of th

5、e National Academy of Sciences, which came to a different conclusion. John Benson, a professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska who co-chaired the committee that drew up the report, found some sound scientific information that supports the medical use of marijuana for certain patients for s

6、hort periods - even for smoked marijuana. This is important, because one of the objections to marijuana is that, when burned, its smoke contains many of the harmful things found in tobacco smoke, such as carcinogenic tar, cyanide and carbon monoxide. Yet the IOM report supports what some patients su

7、ffering from multiple sclerosis, AIDS and cancer - and their doctors - have known for a long time. This is that the drug gives them medicinal benefits over and above the medications they are already receiving, and despite the fact that the smoke has risks. That is probably why several studies show t

8、hat many doctors recommend smoking cannabis to their patients, even though they are unable to prescribe it. Patients then turn to the black market for their supply. Another reason the FDA statement is odd is that it seems to lack common sense. Cannabis has been used as a medicinal plant for millenni

9、a. In fact, the American government actually supplied cannabis as a medicine for some time, before the scheme was shut down in the early 1990s. Today, cannabis is used all over the world, despite its illegality, to relieve pain and anxiety, to aid sleep, and to prevent seizures and muscle spasms. Fo

10、r example, two of its long-advocated benefits are that it suppresses vomiting and enhances appetite - qualities that AIDS patients and those on anti-cancer chemotherapy find useful. So useful, in fact, that the FDA has licensed a drug called Marinol, a synthetic version of one of the active ingredie

11、nts of marijuana - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Unfortunately, many users of Marinol complain that it gets them high (which isnt what they actually want) and is not nearly as effective, nor cheap, as the real weed itself. This may be because Marinol is ingested into the stomach, meaning that

12、it is metabolised before being absorbed. Or it may be because the medicinal benefits of cannabis come from the synergistic effect of the multiplicity of chemicals it contains. Just what have you been smoking? THC is the best known active ingredient of cannabis, but by no means the only one. At the l

13、ast count, marijuana was known to contain nearly 70 different cannabinoids, as THC and its cousins are collectively known. These chemicals activate receptor molecules in the human body, particularly the cannabinoid receptors on the surfaces of some nerve cells in the brain, and stimulate changes in

14、biochemical activity. But the details often remain vague - in particular, the details of which molecules are having which clinical effects. More clinical research would help. In particular, the breeding of different varieties of cannabis, with different mixtures of cannabinoids, would enable researc

15、hers to find out whether one variety works better for, say, multiple sclerosis-related spasticity while another works for AIDS-related nerve pain. However, in the United States, this kind of work has been inhibited by marijuanas illegality and the unwillingness of the Drug Enforcement Administration

16、 (DEA) to license researchers to grow it for research. Since 2001, for example, Lyle Craker, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has been trying to obtain a licence from the DEA to grow cannabis for use in clinical research. After years of prevarication, and pressure on the DEA to make

17、a decision, Dr Crakers application was turned down in 2004. Today, the saga continues and a DEA judge (who presides over a quasi-judicial process within the agency) is hearing an appeal, which could come to a close this summer. Dr Craker says that his situation is like that described in Joseph Helle

18、rs novel, Catch 22. We can say that this has no medical benefit because no tests have been done, and then we refuse to let you do any tests. The US has gotten into a bind, It has made cannabis out to be such a villain that people blindly say no. Anjuli Verma, the advocacy director of the American Ci

19、vil Liberties Union (ACLU), a group helping Dr Craker fight his appeal, says that even if the DEA judge rules in their favour, the agencys chief administrator can still decide whether to allow the application. And, as she points out, the DEA is a political organisation charged with enforcing the dru

20、g laws. So, she says, the ACLU is in this for the long haul, and is already prepared for another appeal - one that would be heard in a federal court in the normal judicial system. Ms Vermas view of the FDAs statement is that other arms of government are putting pressure on the agency to make a publi

21、c pronouncement that conforms with drug ideology as promulgated by the White House, the DEA and a number of vocal anti-cannabis congressmen. In particular, the federal government has been rattled in recent years by the fact that eleven states have passed laws allowing the medical use of marijuana. I

22、n this context it is notable that the FDAs statement emphasises that it is smoked marijuana which has not gone through the process necessary to make it a prescription drug. (Nor would it be likely to, with all of the harmful things in the smoke.) The statements emphasis on smoked marijuana is import

23、ant because it leaves the door open for the agency to approve other methods of delivery. Comprehension Questions 7-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.1. Dr. Craker applied for a licence to grow cannabis for use in _.答案:clinical research以Dr. Craker為線索尋找答案

24、。Paragraph 9: Lyle Crakerhas been trying to obtain a licence from the DEA to grow cannabis for use in clinical research.2. Dr. Craker likened his situation to _.答案:Catch 22Paragraph 10: Dr Craker says that his situation is like that described in Joseph Hellers novel, Catch 22 liken sth. to sth: 把比作，

25、例如：Life call be likened to a journey with an unknown destination人生就好比一場不知終點的旅行。3. If the ACLU appeals again, the case will be heard in _.答案:a federal court以ACLU為線索尋找答案。Paragraph 10: the ACLU is in this for the long hau1. and is already prepared for another appealone that would be heard in a federal

26、court in the normal judicial system.4. According to Ms. Verma, the FDA is under pressure from _ to go along with their drug ideology.答案:governments other arms以Ms. Verma及FDA為線索尋找答案。Paragraph 11: Ms Vermas view of the FDAs statement is that other arms of government are putting pressure on the agency t

27、o因答案不能超過三個詞，把other arms of government變?yōu)間overnments other arms。5. The FDA emphasized that _ cannot be used as a prescription drug.答案:smoked marijuanaParagraph 11: the FDAs statement emphasizes that it is smoked marijuana which has not gone through the process necessary to make it a prescription drug.

28、6. There is still possibility for the FDA to approve marijuana in other _.答案:methods of deliveryParagraph 11: The statements emphasis on smoked marijuana is important because it leaves the door open for the agency to approve other methods of delivery.Questions 4-6 Answer the following questions by u

29、sing NO MORE THAN three words.7. What kind of effect do chemicals in cannabis produce?答案:Synergistic effectParagraph 6: Or it may be because the medicinal benefits of cannabis come from the synergistic effect of the multiplicity of chemicals it contains.8. Which part in the human body is activated b

30、y chemicals in cannabis?答案:Receptor moleculeParagraph 7: These chemicals activate receptor molecules in the hmnan body9. What prevents researchers from doing clinical research on cannabis in the U.S.A.?答案:Marijuanas illegality/DEAs unwillingnessParagraph 8: However, in the United States, this kind o

31、f work has been inhibited by marijuanas illegality and the unwillingness of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to license researchers to grow it for research. Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer. 10. Cannabis _.A.is praised for its potential for treating pain and cancer by scientistsB.is con

32、sidered a dangerous drug without any medical use by many governmentsC.is now used to treat cancer in the USAD.has been used in medicine for thousands of years答案:BParagraph 2: In reality, cannabis has been with humanity for thousands of years and is considered by many governments to be a dangerous dr

33、ug. 文中出現(xiàn)了Scientists would praise its potential for treating everything from pain to cancel. 這是虛擬語氣，所以應(yīng)排除選項A。選項C和D都沒有證據(jù)支持。11. The IOM report _.A.found that the use of marijuana in medicine can be justified scientificallyB.showed that marijuana smoke contains the same harmful substances as tobacco smo

34、keC.came to the same conclusion as the FDA statementD.was funded by the University of Nebraska答案:A應(yīng)以IOM為線索尋找答案。Paragraph 3: a report made in 1999 by the Institute of Medicine(IOM), which came to a different conclusion. John Benson, found some sound scientific information that supports the medical us

35、e of marijuana for certain patients for short periods，據(jù)此可以排除C，選項B和D都沒有相關(guān)信息支持。12. Marinol is _.A.preferred by users for its advantages in effectiveness over marijuanaB.found useful especially by AIDS and cancer patientsC.licensed by the FDA as a substitute for marijuanaD.can be obtained only on the b

36、lack market答案:CParagraph 5: the FDA has licensed a drug called Mrarinol, a synthetic versionUnfortunately, many users of Mrarinol complain that 首先根據(jù)這一內(nèi)容可以排除A，根據(jù)同一段的其他內(nèi)容，選項B和D都是對cannabis的描述。Part Exercise 1 Use of English Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable w

37、ord. Exercising but Not Enough Americans are sold on the value of exercise. More than eight in ten (86%) believe exercising 1 fitness improves a persons odds of a long and healthy life by a lot. And, about six in ten believe that exercising has a lot of impact 2 a persons attractiveness. 3 just 28%

38、report that they get as 4 physical exercise as they should. There is no demographic or weight classification group 5 which a majority feels they get as much exercise as they should. Some 57% of Americans report that they do some 6 of exercise program to 7 physically fit. Even among this group, 8 , j

39、ust 34% say they are getting as much exercise as they should while 65% think they should be 9 more. Those who are currently dieting are more 10 than those not currently dieting to also be exercising. The overweight may need exercise more 11 they are less likely to be doing it 12 with those who are a

40、bout the right weight. About half (53%) of those who 13 themselves overweight are exercising; the comparable figure among those who consider their weight about right is 61%. Both men and women, young and old are about equally likely to be exercising. Those with more education and 14 incomes are more

41、 likely than their counterparts to take part in an exercise program. There are modest differences in exercising 15 race and ethnicity; Hispanics are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to exercise 16 blacks and whites are about equally likely to 17 so. What keeps people out of the gym? One impedime

42、nt to more 18 activity may be the fun factor. There is a strong correlation between enjoyment of exercise and doing it. Among those who 19 exercising a great deal, 85% take part in an exercise program; this figure 20 to 68% among those who say they enjoy exercising a fair amount and to just 37% amon

43、g those who are less enthusiastic about exercise. 1.答案:for根據(jù)語法知識判斷應(yīng)填入介詞。2.答案:onhave an impact on sth.對產(chǎn)生影響。3.答案:But須讀懂上一句話與這句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(six in ten believe與28% report)。4.答案:much根據(jù)asas以及physical exercise的不可屬性。5.答案:in6.答案:type/kind/sort7.答案:keepkeep fit是固定搭配，意為“保持健康”。8.答案:however根據(jù)空白處的位置及與上一句的關(guān)系確定答案。9.答案:g

44、etting根據(jù)上半句just 34% say they are getting as much，應(yīng)填入相同的動詞。10.答案:likely句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是thoseare more _ to be also exercising。11.答案:butThe overweight may need exercise more與they are less likely to be doing it之間是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。12.答案:compared前面less likely的出現(xiàn)說明前后有比較的關(guān)系。13.答案:consider可以根據(jù)句子的后半部分those who consider their we

45、ight about right is61%來判斷。14.答案:higher前面是more education，所以后面應(yīng)當(dāng)是higher incomes。15.答案:by前面是按受教育程度和收入劃分，這里是按種族劃分。16.答案:while不同種族之間的對比。17.答案:dodo so用來代替前部分的exercise。18.答案:physicalexercise即physical activity。19.答案:enjoy上一句講的是correlation between enjoyment of exercising and doing it，所以這一句的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是enjoy。20.答案:d

46、rops/falls。此處的意思是85%到68%的下降。Exercise 2 Multiple Matching Answer questions 1-10 by referring to the following passages. Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. (Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once.) A = LETTE

47、R 1 B = LETTER 2 C = LETTER 3 D = LETTER 4 Which letter defends the safety of the vaccination programme? claims that fears about the vaccine were based on unreliable evidence? believes that intellectual freedom is threatened by mistakes made by science and society? emphasizes the difficulties in dea

48、ling with health scares? makes a comparison of Iraqi civilian deaths and MMR? says that Melanie Phillip is confused about epidemiology and clinical results? points out that scientists would become less credible if they do not base their conclusion on enough evidence? suggests that readers search the

49、 journal mentioned in the debate by using Google? suggests that a neutral organization be established for mediation of scientific controversies? accuses Melanie Phillips of misrepresenting the truth? 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ A LETTER 1 When a vaccine, drug or therapy is mar

50、keted as safe, it is done so on the basis or formally controlled, large-scale, usually blind investigations by qualified professionals. The fact that a small proportion of parents found that after vaccination their children developed bowel problems, an allergic reaction to various foods and a halt t

51、o their behavioural development that produced the symptoms of autism does not render an entire vaccination programme unsafe any more than it suggests a causal relationship between administration of the vaccine and onset of symptoms. Anybody with even the most basic grasp of scientific principles can

52、 understand this. The MMR vaccine in its current form was approved following the same extensive testing as any other clinical prophylaxis. For Melanie Phillips to suggest that the government and the medical establishment . have behaved recklessly and spinelessly in the aftermath of Wakefields so-cal

53、led research is itself an irresponsible misrepresentation of the truth, which contributes to the unnecessary confusion in the general public domain. B LETTER 2 The difficult relationships between science, medicine and public policy are well illustrated by your reports on Iraqi mortality (The media a

54、re minimising US and British war crimes in Iraq, November 8) and MMR (The case against me boils down to smear and evasion, November 8). The triggers for these controversies were research papers published in the Lancet. In a lost age, these studies would have been privately discussed in academic circ

55、les, their conclusions confirmed, refined or refuted. This environment of intellectual freedom has served science and society well for 400 years. But such freedoms are now under threat from errors made by both science and society. The mistake scientists have made - and 1 include myself in this criti

56、cism - is to blur their roles as independent investigators and public advocates. It is entirely right that scientists and doctors play a prominent part in social and political debate. But we lose credibility, justifiably, when we go beyond the evidence. Here, the comparison between Iraq and MMR is i

57、nstructive. On Iraq, the authors of the Lancet report used their results to call for the genuine uncertainty over civilian deaths to be clarified urgently by drawing on further data that only government could provide - indeed, which government had a duty to provide under the Geneva conventions. This was responsible advocacy