定語從句練習(xí)19214

1、New Page 12 二、賓語從句： ( The Object Clause ) 在謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。 某些形容詞(如： glad ，pleased， sorry ， sure，happy， certain， afraid )之后也可以帶賓語從句。賓語從句的that 常省略 .(尤其是在非正式語體中 .)但在較長(zhǎng)的句子里。尤其是從句語與動(dòng)詞隔開時(shí)，that 一般不可省。引導(dǎo)賓語從句有連詞 that,whether,if; 代詞 who,whose,what,which 以及副詞 when,where,how,why 等 .例題 : 1.Every

2、body knows(that)money doesnt grow on trees.2.I dont believe shell arrive before 5.3.She likes saying that she has a good daughter.4. We dont know whether the plane will take off on time.5. You can easily see which one of them is the tallest in the room.6. We can learn what we did not know.7.Ill tell

3、 you why I asked you to come.8.I should like to see where you live.(1) 如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞make,find,see,hear 等,則把賓語從句放在賓語補(bǔ)語之后 ,用 it 作為形式賓語 .如 :9. We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English every day.10. He made it quite clear that he liked English .(2) 某些作表語的形容詞 (如 sure,happy,glad,certain 等)之后也

4、可有賓語從句 . 11.Im afraid(that)we have sold out of tickets.12. We are glad(that)so many old friends will attend our tea party.(3) 介詞后面也可以有賓語從句如：13. He was very pleased by what had happened that day.14. Your success will depend upon what you do and how you do it.15.I dont care for who marries him.(4) 有時(shí)現(xiàn)

5、在分詞后面也可以有賓語從句如：16. Hearing that his son was badly wounded,he hurried to thehospital to see him.17. He had just gone away saying that he will return in an hour.(1) 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用 whether 不能用 if 表示是否的情況如下：A )在表語從句和同位從句中如：18. Answer my question whether you are coming.19. The news whether our team has won the m

6、atch is unknown.20. The question is whether the film is worth seeing.B) 在主語從句中，如果用 it 作形式主語， whether 和 if 都能引導(dǎo)主語 從句，否則，只能用 whether.如：21. Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.22.It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介詞后面(介詞可以省略)如：23.It all depends(on

7、) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式如：24. He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面緊接or not時(shí)，如：25. We didnt know whether or not she was ready.F) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，只能用whether.如：26. Whether you like it or not,you must do it well.G) 用if肢引起歧義時(shí)如：27. Please let me know if you like it.(請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡；如果你喜歡，請(qǐng)告

8、訴我用了whether 就可以避免歧義 )(2) 關(guān)聯(lián)詞 if,whether 都可用的情況如下：A) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句 eg:28.1 wonder if(whether)the news is true or not.B) 在形容詞之后 eg:29. He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong.關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用 whether,if,不能用that的情況如下：若 doubt 作懷疑解，接賓語從句時(shí)，主句為肯定句用 whether,if;主句為否定句或疑問句用that.如：30. Do you doubt that he will come s

9、oon?31.1 do not doubt that he will come soon.32.1 doubt whether he will come soon.若 doubt 作認(rèn)為未必可能如：33.1 doubt that he will come.(二)直接引語和間接引語引述別人的原話叫直接引語，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語這兩種引語都是賓語從句，但是直接引語放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，不用連詞聯(lián)接；間 接引語不用引號(hào)，通常用連接詞與主句聯(lián)接(1) 陳述句變?yōu)橐?that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 eg:1. He said,Im very glad.He said that he was very gla

10、d.(2) 一般疑問句變?yōu)?if(whether) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， eg:2. He said,Can you come this afternoon,John?He asked whether(if)John could come that afternoon.(3) 特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛?who,what,when 等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 eg:3. He said,Where is Mr.Wang?He asked where Mr Wang was.(4) 祈使句變?yōu)橹髡Z謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式)這個(gè)句型若是否定句，則在賓補(bǔ)前加n ot.常用于些句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask,order,tell

11、,beg 等4. The teacher said,Listen to me carefully.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.5. The girl said,Dont drive too fast.The girl told him not to drive too fast.6. The teacher said,Please sit down.The teacher asked us to sit down.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，需要注意“八變”與“五不變” ?！鞍俗儭敝福?1語序變化直接引語是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句時(shí)，

12、 變?yōu)殚g接引語要注意語序變化， 即把一般疑 問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。并且如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 say 或 say tosb., 般還需變?yōu)閍sk或ask sb.。例如：a He said to me，“Have you done your homework ？”t He asked me whether/ if I had done my homework .b.“What do you want , Sara？” Mr Li said .tMr Li asked Sara what she wanted 2時(shí)態(tài)變化 主句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),一般應(yīng)將直接引語的時(shí)態(tài)向前推進(jìn)一級(jí)。即：

13、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)t一般過去時(shí)（例句見1. b）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)t過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：He said,“Im using the knife ”tHe said that he was using the knife 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)t過去完成時(shí)（例句見1. a）一般將來時(shí)t過去將來時(shí)。例如：Zhou Lan said ,“Illdo m y hom ework after class ”t Zhou Lan said that she would do her hom ework after class 3人稱變化 在主句和直接引語中指同一個(gè)人,代詞卻不一樣時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語 應(yīng)將直接引語中的代詞與主句相統(tǒng)一。直接

14、引語變間接引語中人稱代詞的變化 在直接引語和間接引語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換中,許多書中都提到要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（ 1 ）連接詞的選用。（ 2）語序要用陳述句語序； （ 3）時(shí)態(tài)也要作相應(yīng)的改變； （ 4）人稱代詞的改變； （ 5）指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、 地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞也要作改變。但對(duì)人稱代詞的改變沒有作專門講解,學(xué) 生也往往容易出錯(cuò),因此,只要記住并下列歌訣,在解題時(shí)就不易出錯(cuò) 了。 一主二賓三不變 現(xiàn)分述如下：1 、一主：如果直接語中的人稱為第一人稱,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),就 要將它變?yōu)榕c主句主語相一致的人稱。如：1）“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,”Li Hua said

15、.t Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the daybefore.（I t he）2）“We have to finish our experiment,”they said.t They said they had to finish their experiment.（wetthey;ourttheir）3）She said to me,“ Your promunciation is better than ” mine. ” tShe told me that my pronunciation was better than

16、hers.（minethers）2、二賓：如果直接引語中的人稱為第二人稱,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí), 就要將它變?yōu)榕c主句賓語相一致的人稱。如：1) “You speak English very well. ”the teacher said to me.tThe teacher told me that I spoke English wery well.(you I)2) She said to Tom, “How are you feeling now? ” tShe asked Tom how he was feeling then.(youthe)3) My father said to me

17、,You must do it by yourself. tMy father told me that I must do it by myself.(you t I;youself t myself) 3、三不變：如果直接引語中的人稱為第三人稱，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)就不作任何改變。如：1) “Hell be back in five days.”Mr Wu said.tMr Wu said that he would be back in five days. “2) Have they tasted the mixture?”he asked.tHe asked if they had tas

18、ted the mixture.4結(jié)構(gòu)變化 直接引語是祈使句時(shí)， 變?yōu)殚g接引語需變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式， 并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句意 加上tell, ask, order等詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。例如：aShe said to us，“Please sit down” tShe asked us to sit downbHe said，“Dont m ake so m uch noise，boys” tHe told the boys not to m ake so m uch noise5時(shí)間狀語變化 直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果有時(shí)態(tài)變化，時(shí)間狀語也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化。即： next

19、 (week, month .) t the next (week, month .) 例如：Lily told me ，“I am g oing to Beijing next week ” tLily told m e that she was g oing to Beijing the next week . tomorrow t the next day 例如： She said,“Ill g o there tomorrow .” tShe said that she would g o there the next day. the day after tomorrow tin t

20、wo days time 例如： Li Lei asked me ,“What are you g oing to do the day after tomorrow .” tLi Lei asked me what Iwas g oing to do in two daystime.nowtthen 例如：He said,“It is nine oclock now .” tHe said that it was nine oclock then . todaytthat day 例如：He said,“I havent seen her today.” tHe said that he h

21、adnt seen her that day.yesterdaytthe day before 例如：She said,“Iwent to see a doctor yesterday.”tShe said that she had gone to see a doctor the day before.the day before yesterdaytwo days before 例如：Lucy asked Lily ，“Did you see him the day before yesterday？”t Lucy asked Lily if / whether she had seen

22、him twodays before（ two days， weeks） ag ot（ two days， weeks） before 例如：“ Iread this book two days ago ” My sis- ter said t My sister said that she had read that book two days before6指示代詞變化thistthat 例如：She said，“ I will come this morning ”t She said that she would go that morning theses those 例如：He said，“ These books are mine”t He said that those books were his7地點(diǎn)副詞變化heret there 例如：H