現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、構(gòu)成:肯定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞?否定式: 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.過(guò)去分詞規(guī)則變化：a)一般情況下，直接加ed, （work-worked，water-watered, finish-finished等;）b)以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 把y 變成i 再加ed, （carry-carried study-studied等;）c)以輔+元+輔結(jié)尾且中讀的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed。 （stop-stopped，shop-

2、shopped）d)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加d （ 過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化表：二、用法：用法一：表示過(guò)去（已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或從未）發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 標(biāo)志詞： already, never, ever, just, yet, before, once/twice/數(shù)字+ times 例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打掃了房間(房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的，不需要打掃了)They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里I have never had a car (我從未有過(guò)汽車。)I have been there twice.a）alr

3、eady 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過(guò)信了嗎？b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”We have never been to the Great Wall.

4、 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？ c） just用于句中, 表示“剛剛”Ive just had breakfast. 我剛吃完早飯。What have they just done? 他們剛剛做了什么？d） before用于句末, 表示“以前”Ive seen it before. 我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)它。 練習(xí)：用never，ever，already，before, just或yet填空。1. I have _seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _f

5、inished his homework. 3. -Have you _seen the film? -No, I have _seen it.4. -Has the bus left _? -Yes, it has _ left.5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _. has gone to, has been to, has been in 的區(qū)別：1. have/has gone to 去了某地（還在某地沒(méi)回來(lái)） -Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？-He

6、has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。2. have/has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)（已回，已不在去過(guò)的地方） +次數(shù)（once/twice/ 數(shù)字+times）My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去過(guò)上海3次。畫線提問(wèn)：_ has your father been to Shanghai?3. have/has been in 待了多久（去了，現(xiàn)在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 時(shí)間段/ + since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since t

7、wo months ago. 我爸已經(jīng)在上海待了兩個(gè)月了。畫線提問(wèn)：_has your father been in Shanghai?注意：注意遇到四個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞要去掉to/in， 這四個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞是：here ,there ,home ,abroad練習(xí)：用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。1. _ you ever _ Disneyland?2. How many times _ you _ Disneyland ?3. I _ Nanjing since two years ago4. Mr. Li _ Hong

8、 Kong. And hell come back in two days.5. How long _ you _ Disneyland ? For three days. I _ the theme park last Sunday.6. My father _ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father _ Hong Kong in 2005.8. My father _ Hong Kong since 2005.9. My father _ Hong Kong twice.10. My father _ Hong Kong and he hasnt com

9、e back yet.11. Wheres Lucy? She has_ to a restaurant for lunch.12. Have you _ to this park before.13. I have_ there only once this year.14. She has _ to the shop to buy a notebook.15. Youre late, Lao Wang has _ to Guangzhou.用法二：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 標(biāo)志詞：up to now, so far, for +時(shí)間段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) I ha

10、ve learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)a) for +一段時(shí)間Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在這里5周了。 Hes studied English for 3 years. 他學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)3年了。b) since +(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/單詞/詞組/ 從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Eg. I have been here since 2000. 我自從2000年開(kāi)始在這里。 I have been h

11、ere since 5 years ago. 我自從5年前就在這里。 I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 我自從2000年畢業(yè)就在這里。注：1) 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 畫線提問(wèn)： _ _ have you lived here?注2): 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句中 Eg. (誤)I have left there for 5 years.(

12、正)I have been away there for 5 years. 為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。 become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, go out be out come (go, arrive, get) be in die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from), open be open close be closed 練習(xí)： 選用 for和 since填空:1.We haven

13、t seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.三、與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身

14、，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等），不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用; 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買了一本英漢

15、字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。2常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題一 單項(xiàng)選擇1. I have been living here _ 1999.A. for B. after

16、C. in D. since2._ have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years.A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How often3._ may I keep these books? For two weeks.A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon4._ have you been here? Ive been here for months.A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many5.

17、The boy _TV all morning.A. has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D. watched6. How long _ you _ stamps? Since two years ago.A. have, collected B. did, collect C. have , been collecting D. are, collecting7.They are still working in the fields. They _ for two hours.A. was working B. has been

18、working C. worked D. are working8.He looks tired. Oh , he _ for three hours.A. have been skating B. have been skated C. has been skating D. has been skated9. He _ it for two hours, and he is still watching now.A. has been B. watching C. has been watching D. is watching10. The famous writer _ one new

19、 book in the past two years.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written11.Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_ it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see12.His father _ the Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in13.How long have you _ here？ About two months.A

20、. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14.Hurry up！ The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15 It _ ten years since he left the army.A. is B. has C. will D. was16.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been17._has Mr

21、White been a member of Greener China since he _to China？A. How soon，comes B. How often， got C. How long，came D. How far， arrived18. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university19.Sarah has been sleeping _ 2:00 pm.A. for B. at

22、 C. in D. since20.The students have cleaned the classroom，_？A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they二句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.I have been watching the football match for half an hour.（劃線提問(wèn)）_ _ _ you been watching the football match?2. He has been studying Japanese for two years.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）He has been studying Japanese _ two years _.3. We started the party two hours ago.（劃線提問(wèn)）_ _ you _ the party?4.