2016年英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文格式要求及范文大全

1、一、 畢業(yè)論文格式要求： 1、畢業(yè)論文應(yīng)依次包括如下頁面：1）中文封面2）英文封面3）作者聲明4）致謝5）英文摘要和關(guān)鍵詞6）中文摘要和關(guān)鍵詞7）正文8）注釋（如無尾注，可省略）9）參考文獻(xiàn)10）附錄2、頁碼標(biāo)號：正文前頁碼用羅馬數(shù)字如 i, ii, iii, iv，從正文開始用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字1，2，3標(biāo)明頁碼。頁碼一律居中打印。3、摘要、關(guān)鍵詞：英文(1) abstract：三號；“abstract”粗體, 居中；(2) keywords：3-5個用“；”分隔；小四號； 最后一個關(guān)鍵詞后不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號；除專有名詞，單詞首字母不大寫；“keywords” 粗體漢語參照論文格式范本。行距為1.5倍。4

2、、正文格式：1） 文章題目不必出現(xiàn)在正文頁。2） 各級標(biāo)題一般要求左對齊打印。標(biāo)題一律用粗體。一級標(biāo)題：粗體四號字；二級標(biāo)題：粗體小四號字；三級標(biāo)題：粗體小四號字。3） 英文一律采用times new roman小四號，全文雙倍行距；如有漢字（參考文獻(xiàn)部分），一律用五號宋體。4） 正文中如每一段開頭縮進(jìn)兩個漢字（或四個英文）字符的位置，則段與段之間不空行；如每一段開頭不縮進(jìn)，段與段之間必須空一行。5） 正文中一級標(biāo)題間的段落空一行。5、引用：1）文中引用人名應(yīng)與參考文獻(xiàn)保持一致，即參考文獻(xiàn)部分為英文的用英文，漢語的則用漢語拼音；2）文中直接引用成段文字時，該段文字用五號，第一行縮進(jìn)6個字符，其

3、余行兩端縮進(jìn)4個字符。6注釋：（1）除了文學(xué)類畢業(yè)論文可以使用尾注注釋方式，其余要求使用夾注注釋方式。（2） 夾注中所列指的文獻(xiàn)，必須在參考文獻(xiàn)中列出。如作者及作品為中文，夾注中書寫作者姓氏時必須使用拼音。）例如：1) 直接引用 rees said, “as key aspects of in the process”(1986:241). the underlying assumption is that language “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(elli, 1968: 3).2 ) 間接引用 accordin

4、g to alun rees (1986)也可位于引語的最后, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (1986. it may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance ( robertson,1987).3 ) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資料：格式：編號例： “a decon

5、structive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a texts critical difference from itself” (net. 2).(注：net. 1, net. 2, net. 3,只是為了便于注明文內(nèi)引語的出處，具體格式見下文參考文獻(xiàn)中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容) 7參考文獻(xiàn)：1）參考文獻(xiàn)須另起一頁。2）“references”三號粗體，居中。3）英文參考文獻(xiàn)在前，中文參考文獻(xiàn)在后。英文參考文獻(xiàn)按作者首字母順序排列；同一作者按年排列。中文按照作者姓氏的拼音字母順序，排到所有英文文獻(xiàn)后。4）字體為英文小四號,中

6、文五號。5） 參考文獻(xiàn)（即引文出處）的類型以單字母方式標(biāo)識，具體如下：m專著 c論文集 n報(bào)紙文章 j期刊文章d學(xué)位論文 r報(bào)告 p專利 a文章6） 作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原則，具體格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： malcolm richard cowley 應(yīng)為：cowley, m.r.，如果有兩位作者，第一位作者方式不變，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：frank norris 與irving gordon應(yīng)為：norris, f. & i. gordon；7）書名、報(bào)刊名使用斜體字，如：mastering english literature，englis

7、h weekly。例子：英文參考文獻(xiàn)1.專著：1) 基本格式（請嚴(yán)格注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號）：作者的姓名（英文作者的姓，名）.年份.書名（斜體）.出版地:出版商. 如果同一作者兩本以上同年出版的參考書，在年份后用a，b ，c 等標(biāo)出； 如有第二行，則須縮進(jìn)4個英文字符。例：chomsky, n. 1981a. lectures on government and bindinm. dordrecht: foris.chomsky, n. 1981b. theory of markedness in generative grammarm. pisa, italy: scuola normale supe

8、riore. 2) 書的主編（格式：各項(xiàng)信息的排列順序基本同上，在主編姓名后加ed.）：例：hall, david, ed. 1981.the oxford book of american literary anecdotes. new york: oup.3) 機(jī)構(gòu)作者（格式：各項(xiàng)信息的排列順序基本同上）：例：american library association. 1983. intellectual freedom manual. 2nd ed. chicago: ala.4) 翻譯著作（格式：各項(xiàng)信息的排列順序基本同上，加xx trans.）：例：calvino, i. 1986.

9、 the uses of literature. p. creagh trans. san diego: harcourt.2. 文章：1) 期刊文章基本格式（請嚴(yán)格注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號）：作者姓名.年份.篇名.刊名（要斜體）.刊物的卷號和期號:文章的起止頁碼. 例：boling, d. 1965. the atomization of meaningj. language 41:555-573.2) 論文集中的文章基本格式（請嚴(yán)格注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號）：作者姓名.年份.篇名.論文集作者姓名.eds. 論文集名稱（要斜體）. 出版地:出版商. 文章的起止頁碼. 例：peters, m & t. b. step

10、hen. 1986. interaction routines as cultural influences upon language acquisition. in schieffelin, b. b. & e. ouches, eds. language socialization across culturesc. cambridge: cup, 80-96. 3. 文字資料：（注意：此部分涉及的文獻(xiàn)既可能是中文的，也可能是英語的，請使用相應(yīng)的中、英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號?。? ) 電腦軟件基本格式：制作人姓名，年份，軟件名稱，型號。2 ) 電影、電視、廣播、錄像、錄音、藝術(shù)品等：基本格式：片名（

11、或節(jié)目名），年份或播出日期，導(dǎo)演（或制作者）姓名，出品地（或播出臺、地）。3 ) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資料：(分別置于英文參考文獻(xiàn)和中文參考文獻(xiàn)之后)基本格式：如果是中文的參考中文參考文獻(xiàn)的格式，英文的則參考英文參考文獻(xiàn)的格式，例如：net. 1, steven pinker. 2006. second language acquisition of spanish and french unaccusative verbs. net.2,楊某，20xx，淺談我國農(nóng)村初級中學(xué)英語時態(tài)的教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀與教學(xué)策略。中文參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)中各文獻(xiàn)的排列以作者的姓氏拼音為序。 1、期刊文獻(xiàn)的格式：“作者，發(fā)表時間，文章題目

12、名，發(fā)表的期刊名,卷號(期數(shù)):引文頁碼。 如有第二行，則須縮進(jìn)4個英文字符”例如： 楊揚(yáng)、王玉、周洲，2000，油田儲層非均質(zhì)性研究，高校地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)，第3期223-230頁。 2）圖書或碩士、博士文獻(xiàn)的格式：“作者，出版時間，著作題目名（碩博論文名）。出版社名稱（碩博畢業(yè)院校名）。如有第二行，則須縮進(jìn)4個英文字符”例如： 徐通鏘，2007，語言論。長春：東北師范大學(xué)出版社。張三四，2015，論非作格動詞的習(xí)得路徑。江南大學(xué)博士論文。3）會議文獻(xiàn)的格式：“作者，發(fā)表時間，文章題目名。會議名稱,卷號(期數(shù)):引文頁碼。 如有第二行，則須縮進(jìn)4個英文字符” 例如：孫力等，2000,儲層條件下水淹油層

13、測井響應(yīng)機(jī)理實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。北京國際學(xué)術(shù)討論會，第 10-11頁。范文如下：本 科 畢 業(yè) 論 文（設(shè) 計(jì)）題目（中文）： 英漢紅色詞義對比研究 （英文）：a comparative study on the sense of red in english and chinese 學(xué) 院 外國語 年級專業(yè) 04級英語師范 學(xué)生姓名 張冬葉 學(xué) 號 040101168 指導(dǎo)教師 王慧敏 完 成 日 期2008 年4 月a comparative study on the sense of red in english and chinesewritten byzhang dongyesupervise

14、d byprofessor wang huimina thesis submitted to shanghai normal universityin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of artsin english educationforeign languages college, shanghai normal universityapril 2008acknowledgementsthis thesis is dedicated to all the teachers who ha

15、ve taught me a lot, especially to my supervisor, who has helped to work out the outline, giving me enlightening advice throughout the whole process of the present thesis. to her, i owe a profound debt of gratitude. the work would not have been possible without the help of my roommates and friends, w

16、ho gave me a lot of encouragement when i was at a loss. we discussed a lot and moved forward.i am particularly indebted to my father and mother, who encouraged me to persist and gave me the best they could offer. without all the support, i could not have completed this tough work.abstractcolour term

17、s are abundant in both english and chinese，such as red, yellow, and blue. in this thesis, i have attempted to make a comparison between the sense of red in english and that in chinese by studying the examples collected from all the materials available. the thesis is divided into three parts. in chap

18、ter one, i relate colour terms with cognition and culture in english and chinese. in chapter two, i list a lot of examples related to red in english and chinese and analyse them from three aspects in terms of their sense: exact equivalence, partial equivalence, no equivalence. in chapter three, i fi

19、nd out the factors that cause these semantic similarities and differences of red from the perspective of cognition and culture. through a comparative study of the sense of red in english and chinese, i shed light on the three kinds of equivalent relationship of red terms in english and chinese. the

20、three kinds of equivalent relationship indicate that there exist similarity and difference in red terms between english and chinese. both similarity and difference are attributed to cognitive basis and cultural influence. if people know them well, they can achieve better cross-culture communication.

21、 key words: the sense of red; semantic equivalence; similarity; difference; cognition; culture摘要 在英語和漢語中, 存在著豐富的顏色詞, 如紅色，黃色，藍(lán)色。在這篇文章中，通過研究所獲材料中的例子，我嘗試著對英漢紅色詞義進(jìn)行了對比分析。本文分為三個部分。在第一章中，我談到了顏色詞與認(rèn)知和文化的關(guān)系。在第二章中，我列舉了中英文里有關(guān)紅色詞語的許多例子， 并且結(jié)合三種語義對等關(guān)系對它們進(jìn)行了分析：英漢語義的完全對應(yīng)，部分對應(yīng)和不完全對應(yīng)。在第三章中，我從認(rèn)知以及文化的角度，闡釋了導(dǎo)致這些紅色詞語在中英文

22、里語義相似和不同的原因。通過對中英文中紅色詞義的對比研究，我揭示出紅色詞語在中英文里的三種對應(yīng)關(guān)系。這三種對應(yīng)關(guān)系表明在英漢兩種語言里，紅色詞語的語義確實(shí)存在著相似性和差異性，而這些相似性和差異性都源于認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)和文化的影響。關(guān)鍵詞： 紅色語義；語義對應(yīng)；相似；差異；認(rèn)知；文化contentsacknowledgements .iabstract . ii摘要.iii1. introduction.12. the general view of colour terms in english and chinese .22.1 colour terms with cognition in en

23、glish and chinese.22.2 colour terms with culture in english and chinese33. semantic equivalence of red in english and chinese.53.1 exact equivalence.53.2 partial equivalence.63.3 no equivalence.84. reasons for the semantic similarities and differences of red in english and chinese.114.1 reasons for

24、the semantic similarities of red in english and chinese.114.2 reasons for the semantic differences of red in english and chinese134.2.1 difference in aesthetic habit.144.2.2 difference in historical background.155. conclusion .17bibliography .181. introductionaccording to geoffrey leech (1981: 9), “

25、there are seven types of meanings: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, and thematic meaning.” and he combined connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning into “associati

26、ve meaning”. so besides the literal meaning, colour words have affluent associative meanings. different nations endow them with different cultural connotations. the comparative study of the sense of red in both english and chinese will be a bridge for both english and chinese learners to understand

27、the similarities and disparities; otherwise, these disparities can cause ambiguity and lead to misunderstanding. “obviously, connotations are apt to vary from age to age and from society to society” (ibid: 12). compared with conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable because associations va

28、ry considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals. so it is quite necessary to make a comparison between associative meaning of red in english and that in chinese. there have been a lot of studies about the meanings of different colours, the way to translate

29、some phrases with colour terms, and the relationship between colour and culture. many of them focus on several colours, and some focusing on one colour term only list lots of examples without comparing them in different languages, so its meaningful to make a comparison between the sense of red in en

30、glish and that in chinese. if we know the similarities and differences in the sense between these two languages, we can learn the second language better, thus achieving the cross-culture communication. the thesis is about to analyze some examples of red terms in both english and chinese, try to find

31、 the similarities and dissimilarities between them in terms of semantics, and find out the factors that cause these semantic similarities and dissimilarities from the perspective of cognition and culture.2. the general view of colour terms in english and chinesecolours are closely related to peoples

32、 life. colour is an important field from which people can recognize the world. let us see the following example: (1)菩薩蠻大柏地 赤橙黃綠青藍(lán)紫，誰持彩練當(dāng)空舞？ 雨后復(fù)斜陽，關(guān)山陣陣蒼。red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.who is dancing, waving this coloured ribbon against the sky?the sun returns slanting after the rain

33、.and hill and pass grow a deeper blue. (包惠南 2003: 128)in example(1), chairman mao uses seven colour terms to describe the colours of a rainbow in the sky after a summer storm. they are identical with the seven colours that are used to describe the rainbow in english encyclopedia. without colours, th

34、ere will be no colourful life. nature provides us with many beauties, such as the rising sun, the white moonlight, the blue sea, and the green wheat wave. they are all that we should cherish. 2.1 colour terms with cognition in english and chineselanguage has two meanings. one is its conceptual meani

35、ng while the other is its associative meaning. when we use colour terms to describe the colour of a certain subject, their conceptual meaning is applied. when we associate colour terms with abstract concepts, their associative meaning is applied. “theory of semantic feature-cancellation” (王寅 2001: 3

36、08) makes it possible for us to use words which are supposed to describe concrete things to express abstract concepts. cognitive semantics views meanings as a mental phenomenon which is based on body experience. they are the result of interaction between human being and the real world. the process o

37、f the forming of meanings is the process of conceptualization. and the process of conceptualization is a cognitive one which is based on body experience. (ibid: 181) the cognitive process is a very complex one. the cognition of colours is a visual cognitive process. all the visual information is car

38、ried to the cortex over the major visual pathway. the discussion of colour terms will take one on a journey from the eye to the cortex. ones brain serves as a colour processor. the cognition of colours also involves ones subjectivity. thus, one colour reflects not only objective feature but subjecti

39、ve feature as well. the subjective feature is usually formed through synesthesia, which means whether the colour makes you feel warm or feel cold. as geoffrey leech (1981: 235-26) put it, “the relative uniformity of colour semantics in different languages has much to do with the uniformity of the hu

40、man apparatus of visual perception.” whatever language a person speaks, he is apt to regard “certain focal colour stimuli” as more important than others. among many colours, red is the easiest to perceive. 2.2 colour terms with culture in english and chinese“culture is an integral whole which embrac

41、es knowledge, beliefs, moralities, laws, customs and other abilities and habits a man has acquired as a member of society.” (quoted in陶麗 2006: 17)language is a part of culture. language is a mirror, in front of which culture is reflected. the difference of the “inner content of the nation” (解海江and 章

42、黎平 2004: 263) is a fundamental factor causing different understanding of cultural connotations of colours. people in different cultures may have totally different understanding of the associative meaning which the same colour conveys. cultural associative meaning is determined by one nations custom,

43、 geography, and religion. the same colour may give rise to different association in ones mind. this is caused by cultural difference. the similarity is the result of cultural commensurability and mutual penetration of culture. in most cultures, red is related to enthusiasm and unrestraint. but there

44、 exist great differences in custom, geography, and religion between different nations. first, colour terms in chinese embody feudal hierarchical culture. in many dynasties, certain colours were used by certain people. they represent different social status. second, colour terms embody western religi

45、ous culture. as the symbol of purity, white reveals the religious complex of the western people. so a bride in western countries wears a white dress instead of a red one. third, a nation has a preference for certain colours. we chinese people consider red as a beautiful colour. a good case in point

46、is that we use 紅顏 to describe a pretty girl. while red is not so popular among the english people, its positive meaning is used less than that in chinese. 3. semantic equivalence of red in english and chinese3.1 exact equivalencethe view of the world is “a cultures orientation toward god, humanity,

47、nature, the universe, life, death, sickness, and other philosophical issues concerning existence” (quoted in陶麗 2006: 47). how one views the world will affect his perception toward the world-the process by which he attaches meanings to social events he encounters in his environment. it helps people i

48、nterpret and evaluate what is right and wrong, what is good and bad, what to do and not to do, and so on. thats the same in colour perception. both in china and english-speaking countries, red is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions. in china, people usually use red things to cr

49、eate happy atmosphere to a wedding, a birthday and important festivals. red is prevalent on a traditional chinese wedding. people stick red 喜喜 on windows and doors, use red linens. the bride is dressed in red from head to feet: red dresses and red shoes. that not only brings happy ambience to the we

50、dding, but also makes people recall their happy days after their marriage. when their baby is one-month old, the host family will send red eggs to the relatives, friends and neighbours to celebrate the coming of the new life. under festive circumstances, the elder send to the young red packets with

51、money enclosed to pray for happiness and health. similarly, bosses send to their employees red packets with money enclosed to pray for prosperity. besides, we have a very famous trademark for a cigarette, that is, 紅雙喜 which is a symbol of good fortune. on calendars, we can find that holidays, such a

52、s the spring festival, are printed in red, while ordinary days are in black. in english, red is also used for celebrating events. it has the cultural associative meaning of happiness, such as in red letter day. important days are printed in red on calendars rather than in black for ordinary days. fo

53、r western people, a red letter day means a day when a good event happens. in china, we have the custom to roll out a red carpet to extend our warmth to some important guests, that is, to “roll out the red carpet to honor a visiting head of state”, or “to give someone the red carpet treatment”. for e

54、xample,(2) a mother said, it was a real red letter day for me when my son came home from three years in the navy. we rolled out the red carpet to welcome him home. (我兒子在海軍服役三年了。他回家的那天，對我來說真是一個大喜的日子。我們把他當(dāng)貴賓一樣來歡迎。) (宋偉華 2006: 109) from the case, we can find that “to roll out the red carpet” can also b

55、e applied to an ordinary person. besides, “to paint the town red” means “to celebrate wildly, to enjoy oneself to ones hearts content”. likewise, in the west, on christmas day, santa claus comes to dispatch presents to innocent children. he is in red, making the day full of mystery and happiness. wh

56、ats more, there exists basic similarity in conceptual meaning of red in english and chinese such as blood-red (血紅色), orange-red (橘紅色), red wine (紅葡萄酒). 3.2 partial equivalence but in the process of translating one source language into another target language, the meaning may change, especially when colour terms are involved, although the translator tries his or her best to be faithful. there exists a close relationship between colour and emotion. this ca