4假定A國和B國的勞動稟賦均為400A國生產(chǎn)1個單位的X商品...

1、CHAPTER 2Review Questi onsI. Assume that the Home country has a total supply of labor hours of 1000 and theForeign country has a total supply of labor hours of 1200. Each country can produce two goods: bicycles and skateboards. The unit labor requireme nts in Homeproduct ion are 5 hours per bicycle

2、and 2 hours per skateboard. Foreig n requireme nts for both bicycles and skateboards are 3 hours per un it.a. Graph the product ionpossibilitiesfrontiersfor the Homeand Foreign economies.個prudtKtioniliOtestic bicclc prwltictknndomoitic skateboard pxcductjMib. In the absence of trade, what is the rel

3、ative price of bicycles in terms of skateboards in each coun try?卜 dwnesiiL： bityclc(iorrigJi bicycleprudmlaunhforeign kaietwirdpt mlh刑firAducliiinc. Trade is said to make each country better off by enlarging the range of consumption choices available to residents. Compare the consumption possibilit

4、ies available to Home and Foreig n con sumers in the closed economy and ope n/tradi ng economy cases.Graph the expanded consumption opportunities.The relative price of skateboards interms of bicycles un der free trade is 4/5.ckwrsLiC Ncytilc ptuduidondtKnotih；如悴bzd pruduictai肓畑1糾 hKyclr prforeign tl

5、carehiardrnduclinfi2. Suppose that Home and Foreig n have the un it labor requireme nts show n below.Baseball Bats Tennis Rackets Home a lb = 6alr = 2Foreig n alb = 1alr = 4a. lnwhich good does Home have the relative productivity advantage (i.e.,comparative adva ntage)? Why?b. What is the opport uni

6、ty cost of rackets in terms of bats for the Home coun try?for the Foreig n coun try?c. At world equilibrium with trade, what do you know about the relative price of tennis rackets?d. Assume that a tennis racket trades for a bat on world markets at an equilibrium price of P JP b=2. Why will each coun

7、try will specialize? (Home will specialize in rackets and Foreig n in bats).e. Demon strate that there will be gains from trade reaped by the Foreig n countrywhe n it specializes in bat producti on.3. Assume that labor is the only factor used in producti on, and that the costs of produci ng butter a

8、nd cloth are give n by the table below.Home Foreig nCost in labor-hours to produce:1 un it of butter1/8 11 un it of cloth1/4 1/2a. Express the (cost or) price of butter relative to the price of cloth in termsof labor content for Home and Foreig n in the abse nee of trade.b. What do these relative pr

9、ices reveal about each countryscomparative advantage?c. What do these relative prices suggest about the world price of butter relativeto cloth that will exist once these coun tries trade with each other?d. If the world price (pb/Pc)Wstabilizes at 1 with trade, what are the gains bythe Home country a

10、chieved through trade with the Foreig n coun try?4. 假定A國和B國的勞動稟賦均為 400。A國生產(chǎn)1個單位的X商品需要5個單位的勞動, 而生產(chǎn)1個單位Y商品需要4個單位的勞動。B國生產(chǎn)1個單位的X商品需要4個單位的勞 動，而生產(chǎn)1個單位的Y商品需要8個單位的勞動。a. 畫出兩個國家的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。b. 哪個國家在哪種商品上有絕對優(yōu)勢？為什么？絕對優(yōu)勢理論表明了怎樣的貿(mào)易方向？為什么？c. 根據(jù)絕對優(yōu)勢，如果允許自由貿(mào)易，專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)在多大程度上發(fā)生？為什么？每種商品 各自生產(chǎn)多少？d. 不使用絕對優(yōu)勢定理而用相對優(yōu)勢定理回答 b 和 c 的問

11、題。5. 假設(shè)A國和B國的勞動稟賦為：LA=2000, LB=2000;兩個國家生產(chǎn) X和Y兩種產(chǎn)品的單位勞動使用量分：aLX=10； aLY=20； bLX=20； bLY=10。a. 畫出每個國家的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。b. 哪個國家在哪種商品上有比較優(yōu)勢？為什么？國家 A 和 B 之間的貿(mào)易會使雙方都受益 嗎？為什么？c. 現(xiàn)在假設(shè)A國的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)一種只使用原來每種商品所用勞動的一半來生產(chǎn)商品X和Y的方法，所以現(xiàn)在 aLX=5; aLY=10。畫出新的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。哪個國家在哪種商品上有比較優(yōu)勢？為什么？國家 A和B之間的貿(mào)易會使雙方都受益嗎？為什么？d. 假設(shè) A 國的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)一種只使用原來勞動的一半來生產(chǎn)商品X 的方法，所以現(xiàn)在aLX=5；