2019年高考英語(yǔ)(全國(guó)通用)提分練考前沖刺卷(四)Word版含解析

1、考前沖刺卷(四)第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AChester is one of the best cities in the UK.As soon as you arrive in Chester you will appreciate the citys unique atmosphere and sense of history.Founded by the Romans over 2,000 years ago，much of the Roman i

2、nfluence remains and Chesters city walls are the most complete in Britain.Combined with history and heritage(遺產(chǎn))，Chester is a dynamic city full of bars，pubs，clubs，hotels and restaurants for you to discover，tempting you to visit again and again.Travelling to Chester?Chester is easily accessible by ma

3、ny means of transportwhether you are travelling by rail，car，bus or plane.Please check our route planner below to help you plan your journey to Chester.Once you arrive in the city there are numerous car parks；however，during rush hours the easiest way to travel in Chester city centre is via park and r

4、ide facilities，which are parking lots with public transportation.Hotels?From bed & breakfasts to the luxury of Chesters only five star hotel，Chester has all covered.Whether your trip is for business or pleasure，your room is just a click away!Sightseeing and Tours?One of the best ways to see Chester

5、is by a guided tour and you have a variety to choose from.Whether you choose the traditional guided walk，to be guided around Chesters historical landmarks by bus or to take a boat down the River Dee，you will sure enjoy the delights of Chester.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。切斯特是英國(guó)著名的歷史名都，蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的歷史瑰寶，同時(shí)也富有現(xiàn)代氣息，能讓游客大飽眼福。

6、作者從交通、住宿、游覽方式三個(gè)方面為讀者作了介紹。1What can we know about Chester from the first paragraph?AIt is a newlybuilt city.BIt is the best city in the UK.CIt is rich in the deep culture and modern touch.DMany of its city walls were completed by British people.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可推知，切斯特歷史文化底蘊(yùn)深厚，同時(shí)又富有現(xiàn)代氣息，故答案為C。2Wha

7、t is the most convenient way to get around Chester city centre during rush hours?ABy bus. BBy bicycle.CBy rail. DBy taxi.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“during rush hours the easiest way to travel in Chester city centre is via park and ride facilities，which are parking lots with public transportation”可知，在交通高峰期，游

8、覽切斯特市中心的最方便的方式是乘坐公共交通工具，故選A。3What had you better do to have a better understanding of Chester?AChoose a bus tour.BJoin a guided tour.CTake a traditional walk.DSwim down the river.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“One of the best ways to see Chester is by a guided tour”可知，在導(dǎo)游的陪同下游覽切斯特是了解切斯特的最佳方法之一。BExciting scream

9、s of joy from two happy little girls rang across the beach.But I walked along，barely aware of them.Id come to this remote beach on my sailboat，a place to escape.My marriage was in trouble.I worried about the harm to my two boys.But I didnt know how to make things better.“Help！Help！”The girls screame

10、d.I saw one girl was at the edge of the surf，yelling.I charged into the waves，swam to her and seized her.“But where is the other girl？”I looked across the water and saw a small head after a big wave.I shifted the girl Id rescued to my back.She told me the other girl was her sister.For a moment I tho

11、ught of my boys.How much they loved each other.How much I loved them.I quickened my swimming and held the second little girl.We were at least 50 yards from land.No way could I swim that far，not with two girls hanging on to me.But there was no time to wait.I swam as hard as I could，but the weight of

12、the girls grew heavier with every minute.My lungs burned.I opened my mouth to take a breath，but instead swallowed water.I choked.Couldnt breathe.Couldnt swim.From behind me I felt an unbelievable force，lifting.“Mommy！”The cry pierced my consciousness(意識(shí))I looked up.An elderly man was trying to drag

13、me out of the water.Two women were swimming toward shore.“Thank you，”one of the women cried.“You saved my daughters.”My efforts and my struggles had paid off.I thought of that big wave，lifting me and pushing me.When my body had failed me，and when all hope was disappearing，I was given the strength I

14、needed.I stood up.My family were waiting for me.There were things I could do.I just needed to make an effort.The strength would be given to me.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者在海邊挽救了兩個(gè)落水的女孩，并在成功救人后得到啟示，決心挽救自己陷入困境的婚姻和家庭。4Why did the author turn a deaf ear to laughter of the two girls?ABecause he couldnt wait to go sai

15、ling.BBecause he was lost in missing his wife.CBecause the sound of sea waves was too big.DBecause he was trapped in his own problems.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后四句可知，作者來(lái)到這個(gè)海灘是為了逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)生活：他的婚姻出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，他擔(dān)心這將對(duì)自己的兩個(gè)兒子造成傷害。由此可知，作者之所以對(duì)那兩個(gè)女孩的歡聲笑語(yǔ)充耳不聞是因?yàn)樗芾в谧约旱碾y題。故選D。5Which can replace the underlined word “charged” in Par

16、agraph 2?ADashed. BWalked. CSank. DDug.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和畫線詞后的“into the waves，swam to her and seized her”可知，事態(tài)緊急，作者應(yīng)是沖進(jìn)海里去救人，故畫線詞在此表示“猛沖”。故選A。6What might the author do after the accident?ARebuild a family.BFocus on his boys safety.CSave his marriage.DApologize to his wife.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段和第一段第四句“My m

17、arriage was in trouble.”可知，作者的婚姻出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，然而在救了那兩個(gè)女孩后，作者意識(shí)到不能放棄希望，要努力挽救自己的婚姻和家庭。故選C。7Which can serve as the best title of the passage?AThe Magical WaveBThe Adventurous SurfingCEfforts to Save the FamilyDStruggles to Fight Sea Waves答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段中的“I thought of that big wave.I needed.”可知，“海浪”

18、推動(dòng)了故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展并讓作者找到解決自己?jiǎn)栴}的方法，故“神奇的海浪”升華主題，點(diǎn)明作者在成功救人后學(xué)會(huì)了要心存希望，進(jìn)而努力去挽救自己的婚姻和家庭。故A項(xiàng)The Magical Wave“神奇的海浪”作本文標(biāo)題最佳。CWhen Daniel Kish enters a room，he may not be able to see，but his ears give him a 360 degree view.Kish uses echolocation(回聲定位)just like bats or whalesto sense the world.And it allows him to do

19、 everything from cycling to hiking，all on his own，without the benefit of sight.Kish was affected by retinal(視網(wǎng)膜的) cancer and had to have both eyes removed before he was 13 months old.Amazingly，he taught himself that by making small noises he could listen for their echoes(回聲) and learn what surrounde

20、d him.Today，at age 51，Kish is an expert at human echolocation.Like many of those who use echoes，Kish makes clicking noises with his tongue and then listens for their echoes in the environment.“It is the same process bats use，” Kish told BBC News.“You send out a sound or a call and sound waves are ph

21、ysical wavesthey bounce back from physical surfaces.”As Kish，a “reallife Batman”，explains in this TED talk，echolocation allows him to distinguish not only an objects size but its texture.So he can tell the difference between a tree，a wooden fence and a car，all with just a few clicks of his tongue.Th

22、is ability has made Kish，and other human echolocaters，the subject of a number of studies aimed at better understanding the process.In 2009，a Spanish study analyzed the clicking noise that Kish used to sense the world and found that his method of pulling his tongue backward instead of downward from t

23、he roof of his mouth created a noise that was sharp and clean and perfectly suited to echolocation.A few years later，another study from researchers at the University of Western Ontario used brain mapping to determine that the area of the brain that a sighted person would use to interpret visual info

24、rmation works in a blind person who uses echolocation.Researchers also have learned that human echolocation can be taught and requires only a few weeks of practice.Kish，through his nonprofit organization World Access for the Blind，hopes to do that by training sightimpaired individuals all over the w

25、orld to become more independent in their environment.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了盲人基什利用彈舌回聲定位感知世界及研究人員對(duì)回聲定位的研究。8Whats most special about Kish?AHe is good at learning from bats.BHe sees the world with his ears.CHe has traveled across the world.DHe has a variety of hobbies.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，基什利用回聲定位來(lái)感知世界，即他通過(guò)耳朵

26、來(lái)感知周圍的世界。故選B。9Whats the probable meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4?AMaterial. BFramework.CStyle. DColor.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容再結(jié)合第五段中的“So he can tell the difference between a tree，a wooden fence and a car”可知，基什可利用回聲定位判斷物體的大小和材質(zhì)。故選A。10What does the study from researchers at the University of

27、Western Ontario discover?AThe way Kish makes a noise is unique.BThe quality of the voices plays a key role.CThe blinds brain reacts to returned noises.DIt requires longtime practice to use echolocation.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句可知，同視力正常的人一樣，使用回聲定位的盲人，其用來(lái)理解視覺(jué)信息的大腦區(qū)域也起作用。就此推理，盲人的大腦對(duì)回聲有反應(yīng)。故選C。11Which can bes

28、t describe Kish based on the last paragraph?AOptimistic. BDevoted.CEnergetic. DHelpful.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，基什想通過(guò)非營(yíng)利性組織來(lái)培訓(xùn)視力有障礙的人，提高他們的獨(dú)立性。由此推理，他是一個(gè)樂(lè)于助人的人。故選D。DTiny tubes and filaments(絲狀物) in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils(化石)，giving new support for some ideas about how

29、 life began，a new study says.The features(地理特征) are mineralized remains of what appear to be bacteria that lived some 3.77 billion to 4.28 billion years ago，the scientists said.That would be older than some other rock features found in Greenland，which were considered to be fossils last August.The ne

30、w results come from examining rock found along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in northern Quebec.The filaments and tubes，made up of iron oxide called hematite，appeared within a rock type called jasper.Matthew Dodd of University College London，an author of the study published Wednesday by Nature，sai

31、d the living things lived in the seafloor where water was heated by a volcano.Since the fossils are nearly as old as Earth，which formed some 4.5 billion years ago，the finding supports previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment，he said.He and colleagues presented several lin

32、es of evidence to support the idea that the filaments and tubes are signatures of past life.But two experts whove previously reported similar findings said theyre convinced.“I would say they are not fossils，”Martin JVan Kranendonk of the University of New South Wales in Australia，who reported the Gr

33、eenland findings last year，wrote in an email.The papers evidence for a biological origin falls short，he said.Abigail Allwood，a NASA geologist，said the authors have produced “one of the most detailed cases yet made” for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years.But “its an extraordinary

34、claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，” she said.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文屬于說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了Matthew Dodd和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)在加拿大發(fā)現(xiàn)的巖石特征，他們認(rèn)為這是地球早期的生命跡象，是最早的已知化石。但有科學(xué)家提出了反對(duì)意見，認(rèn)為他們的證據(jù)不充分。12According to Matthew and his colleagues，the filaments and tubes .Astand for a rock typeBare as old as EarthCrepresent human originDare earl

35、ylife forms答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“some ideas about how life began”，第四段中的“the finding supports previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment”以及第五段中的“the filaments and tubes are signatures of past life”可知，他們認(rèn)為the filaments and tubes就是早期的生命形式。故選D。13What do Matthew，Martin and Abigail

36、have in common?AThey are working in the universities.BThey accept the Greenland findings.CThey have been studying rock features.DThey have discovered the oldest known fossils.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Matthew.an author of the study”，第六段中的“Martin.who reported the Greenland findings last year”和第七段內(nèi)容可知，他們?nèi)硕荚?/p>

37、進(jìn)行巖石地理特征的研究。14How does Martin feel about the new study?AIt confirmed the biological origin.BIt needs more to convince people.CIt ignored the Greenland findings.DIt shouldnt have copied his evidence.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知，Martin對(duì)Matthew他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為the filaments and tubes不是化石，說(shuō)他們證據(jù)不足，由此可推知，他認(rèn)為該研究應(yīng)提供

38、更多的具有說(shuō)服力的證據(jù)。15Whats Abigail Allwoods attitude towards Matthews finding?AObjective. BIndifferent.CVague. DDisapproving.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，Abigail Allwood既肯定該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又提出研究人員需要提供更有力的證據(jù)來(lái)證明該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的正確性與可靠性。由此可知，她對(duì)該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)持客觀的態(tài)度，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。How to Be a M

39、otivational SpeakerMotivational speakers give a sense of hope，belief，energy and confidence to the audience. 16 The audience then take the idea to work toward their own success.If you desire to be a good motivational speaker，these qualities are necessary to achieve your goal.A good motivational speak

40、er should access the message to be conveyed first.He or she always communicates an idea that the audience are interested in and that is connected to the needs of the audience：a better job，a better family life，a better financial situation，a better life all around. 17 To be a motivational speaker，you

41、must be able to give the audience an experience that they remember.You must be able to touch something inside them that makes them want to hear more. 18 Therefore，your topic and presentation have to be powerful. 19 Think of Martin Luther King，whose famous saying “I have a dream” is an example of mak

42、ing the audience listen，and promoting their desire to follow directions to change.You may have something important and motivational to say，but dont forget your audience.Are you speaking to kids，teens，adults，men，women，or a special group of people？Does this affect how you present the idea？ 20 As a not

43、e，having a saying or a goal that all populations can relate to can help.For example，Barack Obamas phrase，“Yes，we can” crosses all ages，races and genders.AIdentify how best to reach your targeted audience.BA motivational speaker commands his or her audience.CThere are a number of powerful motivationa

44、l examples.DThey present an idea to the audience by giving a speech.ETo be a motivational speaker，you must show respect for the audience.FYour presentation must make them want to listen to you and follow your directions.GThe motivational speaker speaks to the audience in a way that they all can unde

45、rstand.16答案D解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及選項(xiàng)D中的“an idea”與空后的“the idea”的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系可知，此處是說(shuō)勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家通過(guò)演講向聽眾傳達(dá)一種想法，然后觀眾將這個(gè)想法付諸實(shí)踐，成就自己的成功。故選D。17答案G解析根據(jù)本段第二句可知，勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家要與聽眾交流聽眾感興趣或者與聽眾的需要相關(guān)的想法。由此可推知，勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家需要以一種聽眾能夠理解的方式對(duì)他們進(jìn)行演講。故選G。18答案F解析根據(jù)空前及空后的內(nèi)容可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與演講應(yīng)該具備的特點(diǎn)有關(guān)，故F項(xiàng)“你的演講必須使他們(即聽眾)想要聽你說(shuō)，并且聽從你的指示”符合語(yǔ)境。F項(xiàng)中的“make them want to listen to you

46、”與空前的“makes them want to hear more”的呼應(yīng)亦是提示。19答案B解析根據(jù)下文中的“making the audience listen，and promoting their desire to follow directions to change”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明的是勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家應(yīng)當(dāng)能掌控他或者她的聽眾。故B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。20答案A解析根據(jù)空前的問(wèn)句和空后的內(nèi)容可知，此處內(nèi)容是有關(guān)勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家將自己要說(shuō)的話傳達(dá)給目標(biāo)聽眾的方式，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給

47、的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are 21 .It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is，and that gives me the viewpoint to 22 the surprises of the future.But there is vast grassland of life in the middle

48、，where the bad and the good flipflop(突然改變) 23 .This is what convinces me to 24 the 50percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地) so easily 25 that neighbors laughed.I felt 26 at the wasted effort.Summer turned cruelthe worst 27 and drought(干旱) in my lifetime.The air condi

49、tioner died；the well went dry；the marriage 28 ；the job was lost；the money was gone.Only a popular Kansas City Royals team，bound for their World Series， 29 my spirits.Looking back on that 30 summer，I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely 31 the bad.I owned and enjoyed the happy times

50、.They 32 me for the next dangerous surprise and offered 33 that I can succeed.The 50percent theory even helps me see 34 beyond my Royals recent fall.Oh，yeah，the corn crop？For that hot summer，the ground 35 was just right，and the lack of rain 36 the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was c

51、rowded with cornfat and healthy 37 my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(殼)Although plantings that year may have fallen below the original 38 and they probably will do so again in the future，I am 39 encouraged by the crop that had a “good” 40 during the drought.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)自己

52、在干旱的夏天種植玉米的經(jīng)歷明白了讀懂生活的常態(tài)需要時(shí)間和閱歷，也正是這樣才練就了作者面對(duì)未來(lái)寵辱不驚的生活態(tài)度，同時(shí)也向我們介紹了“對(duì)半理論”。21A.worse BeasierCstranger Dbrighter答案A解析根據(jù)空前的“Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are”及下文作者闡述的“對(duì)半理論”可知，生活中的事情一半比正常狀態(tài)要好，而另一半則比正常狀態(tài)差。故空處應(yīng)填worse與better構(gòu)成對(duì)比。22A.give out Btake downCdeal with Dgo through答

53、案C解析結(jié)合上文中的“It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is，and that gives me the viewpoint.”及下文作者對(duì)自己種玉米經(jīng)歷的描述可知，此處作者想要傳達(dá)的是面對(duì)時(shí)好時(shí)壞的生活，需要時(shí)間和閱歷讀懂生活的常態(tài)，這樣才能應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)各種意想不到的事情。deal with應(yīng)對(duì)，處理，符合語(yǔ)境。give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出；take down拆掉，記下；go through通過(guò)，經(jīng)歷。23A.slightly BregularlyCmagically Ddeliberately答案C解析好與壞之間

54、有一大片生活的草原，在這片草原上壞事和好事會(huì)奇妙地突然改變。magically魔法般地，神奇地，符合語(yǔ)境。slightly輕微地；regularly定時(shí)地；deliberately故意地。24A.break through Bbelieve inCcheck on Dpick up答案B解析根據(jù)上文，尤其是文章第一句可知，作者對(duì)“對(duì)半理論”深信不疑。believe in信任，相信，符合語(yǔ)境。break through打破；check on核對(duì)，檢查；pick up撿起，學(xué)會(huì)。25A.stolen BignoredCreplaced Dflooded答案D解析根據(jù)上文中的“a bottomlan

55、d(低洼地) so easily”和下文倒數(shù)第二段中的“and the lack of rain the standing corn from floods”可知，作者因在極易遭到水淹的低洼地種植玉米而遭到了鄰居們的嘲笑。26A.annoyed BpuzzledCsurprised Dembarrassed答案A解析根據(jù)上文中的“I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地).that neighbors laughed”和下文中的“the wasted effort”可知，作者為自己浪費(fèi)了精力而感到懊惱。annoyed煩惱的，惱火的，符合語(yǔ)境。em

56、barrassed尷尬的。27A.wind speed Bflood warningCstorm damage Dheat wave答案D解析根據(jù)下文中的“The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和“the lack of rain the standing corn from floods”可知，作者在那年夏天遇到了人生中最嚴(yán)重的酷熱期和干旱。heat wave酷熱期，熱浪期，符合語(yǔ)境。28A.began BendedCcontinued Ddisappeared答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“Summer turned cruel.The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和下文中的“the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，作者在那年夏天遭遇了天災(zāi)人禍：熱浪襲人，干旱來(lái)襲，空調(diào)報(bào)廢，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，慘遭失業(yè)，積蓄揮空。end結(jié)束，終止，符合語(yǔ)境。29A.relieved BloweredCpurified Dinspired答案D解析根據(jù)上下文，尤其是該句中的“Only”一詞可知，此處描述的是作者