《喜福會》中的中國文化背景分析

1、四川大學(xué)錦城學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）題 目 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè) 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號 年級 指導(dǎo)教師 教務(wù)部制表二 年 月 日喜福會中的中國文化背景分析（英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)）學(xué)生 陳永貴 指導(dǎo)教師 任文喜福會是美國當(dāng)代著名華裔女作家譚恩美的處女作。小說講述了在中國戰(zhàn)亂時移民美國的四位母親和她們在美國出生的女兒的生活遭遇。小說中的母親在舊時的中國飽經(jīng)封建禮教和傳統(tǒng)文化的摧殘，變成了叛逆者，逃往美國，希望在大洋彼岸找尋自己的幸福生活。然而，母親們在美生活的方方面面都離不開深深植根于她們腦子里的中國傳統(tǒng)文化，并試圖將這一文化強加在她們女兒身上。而在美國長大的女兒們卻與這種“異鄉(xiāng)文化”格格不入，處處背叛她們

2、的母親。母親們因此受到深深的傷害。在女兒們長大后，屢經(jīng)人生的滄桑才逐漸了解了母親。在中國歷史上，儒家思想一直是中國文化的核心。儒家思想重視人與人之間的相互關(guān)系和家庭觀念，這與崇尚個人主義的西方文化是相沖突的。同時，中國的道教思想對大多數(shù)信奉上帝的西方人來說是難以理解的。再者，中國人教育子女的方式、飲食傳統(tǒng)和烹飪方法也常常被認(rèn)為是神秘而“野蠻”。故中國文化常常被西方學(xué)者看作是“他者”文化，道家的思想被看作是異教思想。借助于東方主義，譚恩美以其第二代美籍華裔雙重文化的身份，在喜福會中建構(gòu)了中國傳統(tǒng)文化。小說中，母親是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的代表，而女兒卻象征著美國文化。這兩種文化的沖突與交融擰成了貫穿整部小

3、說的一條主線，向國外再現(xiàn)了中國文化。本論文試圖從傳統(tǒng)家庭價值觀念、飲食文化、宗教信仰等方面對喜福會中的中國文化背景進行較為詳細(xì)的分析。關(guān)鍵詞：中國文化；儒家思想；飲食文化；宗教信仰中文摘要的提頭第一行寫上論文中文標(biāo)題，三號字，宋體，加粗；第二行括號里寫上專業(yè)名稱，如“英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)”字樣，小四號字，楷體；第三行的左側(cè)寫上學(xué)生姓名，右側(cè)寫上指導(dǎo)教師姓名，小四號字，楷體。中文摘要內(nèi)容使用楷體，小四號字。中文摘要原則上不分段?！瓣P(guān)鍵詞”幾個字加粗，后面接冒號，每個關(guān)鍵詞之間由一個分號隔開。摘要單獨成頁，目錄單獨一頁，摘要和目錄一起編頁碼，編碼為 I, II,III。正文開始（從Introducti

4、on）又重新編碼，編碼為1，2，3. 為避免電腦自動更正，將正文的頁碼 1、2、3 等改變，目錄需要單獨建成一個文檔或是添加分頁符。ABSTRACTAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chine

5、se immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China. As a result of the restrictions and suppression of the feudal society and Confucianism, they fled to the United States in an attempt to find their happines

6、s there. Nevertheless, the mothers lives in America are still bound to the traditional Chinese culture, which has been deeply rooted in their minds. They educate their daughters according to the Chinese customs and habits. But the daughters can not understand this, for they were born and brought up

7、in America. They often disobey, and thus deeply hurt their mothers. When they grow up, and experience the tortures of life, they come to understand their mothers gradually. As an American-born Chinese, Amy Tan reveals some distinct features of the traditional Chinese culture in the novel.Confucianis

8、m has been the core of the Chinese culture for two thousand years. It emphasizes the relationship between human beings. This thought, however, is in conflict with the mainstream of western ideology, which pays more attention to individualism. Besides, the mysterious beliefs of Taoism are strange to

9、the westerners, most of whom believe in God and Christianity. Whats more, the Chinese have different ways of educating and nurturing their children, and different ways of cooking. They are thought by the Americans as having weird beliefs and a “brutal” way of eating. As a result, the traditional Chi

10、nese beliefs are treated as heathen ones, and the Chinese culture is viewed as the “Other” by the westerners. In the novel, the mothers are the representative of the Chinese culture, while the daughters, that of the American culture. The clash and mingling of the two cultures work together as a thre

11、ad running through the entire novel. Amy Tan, as a member of the second generation Chinese-Americans, reconstructs and represents the traditional Chinese culture to the world, and has gained great fame in Chinese American literature. This thesis attempts to analyze the Chinese cultural background in

12、 The Joy Luck Club from three aspects: Chinese family value, Chinese dietary culture and Chinese religious beliefs.Key Words: Chinese Culture; Confucianism; Chinese Diet; Religious Beliefs外文摘要提頭需寫上“摘要”的外文大寫單詞（例如：英文為ABSTRACT，三號字，Times New Roman字體，加粗，后面不加冒號）。外文摘要內(nèi)容用小四號字（英文使用Times New Roman字體），外文關(guān)鍵詞（英文

13、用Key Words，小四號字，加粗）后面接冒號，詞數(shù)與中文關(guān)鍵詞相同，每個關(guān)鍵詞之間由一個分號隔開。摘要與關(guān)鍵詞之間不空行。ContentsIntroduction1Part One Chinese Family Value.31.1 Confucianism: Doctrine of the Chinese31.2 Womens Status51.3 Communication between Parents and Children6Part Two Chinese Dietary Culture.82.1 Etiquette of Diet.82.2 Ways of Cooking.9

14、Part Three Chinese Beliefs.113.1 Wuxing and Fengshui113.2 Ancestor Worship 13Conclusion.14Notes17Bibliography.18Acknowledgements.20IntroductionAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of fou

15、r mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China.the famous critical realist writer in 19th century, was one of the greatest writers all

16、 over the world. 正文：小四號字，英文采用Times New Roman字體。各部分標(biāo)題加粗。正文每段開頭縮進5 個空格。Part One Chinese Family ValueAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as th

17、e first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China.the famous critical realist writer in 19th century, was one of the greatest writers all over the world.1.1 Confucianism: Doctrine of

18、 the ChineseAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 1.2

19、 Womens StatusAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 1

20、.3 Communication between Parents and ChildrenAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of t

21、heir American-born daughters. 正文：小四號字，英文采用Times New Roman字體。各部分標(biāo)題加粗。正文每段開頭縮進5 個空格。Part Two Chinese Dietary CultureAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the Uni

22、ted States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 2.1 Etiquette of DietAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to t

23、he United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 2.1.1 Eating HabitAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came t

24、o the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 2.1.2 Drinking ConventionAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers

25、who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 2.2 Ways of CookingAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four moth

26、ers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 正文：小四號字，英文采用Times New Roman字體。各部分標(biāo)題加粗。正文每段開頭縮進5 個空格。Part Three Chinese BeliefsAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her fir

27、st novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 3.1 Wuxing and FengshuiAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In

28、 her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 3.2 Ancestor WorshipAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literatur

29、e. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 正文：小四號字，英文采用Times New Roman字體。各部分標(biāo)題加粗。正文每段開頭縮進5 個空格。Conclusion The story is over with a storm inside t

30、he readers. It ends up with a myth at the end of 18th century; a moving and religious legend covered by the history. Dickens bestowed a devil on the Marquis; a pitiful and abominable figure on Madame Defarge; deiform brilliance on Darnay and Carton which makes Cartons actions exceed the revolution a

31、nd love affairs. 正文：小四號字，英文采用Times New Roman字體。各部分標(biāo)題加粗。正文每段開頭縮進5 個空格。Notes (1) The three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife. The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity.(2) Lao Tzu: The founder of Taoism. Bor

32、n in the State of Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, he worked for some time in the Zhou government. He was searching for a way that would avoid the constant feudal warfare and other conflicts that disrupted society during his lifetime. The result was his book: Tao-te-Ching, which contains about

33、5,000 words on dao and de, or the way and its functions. Others believe that he was a mythical character.(3) John King Fairbank: A Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History at Harvard University and director of the East Asian Research Centre at Harvard. (4) Wuxing and Fengshui: Wuxing or the Five E

34、lements are: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. They are the grounding theory for yin-yang balance. The Five Element theory views the Universe and its functioning as being cyclical and interactive. Accordingly, all of the “ten thousand things” within it are interdependent. Fengshui, or geomantic o

35、men, is closely related to Wuxing. The Fengshui theory holds that the location of a house or tomb has an influence on the fortune of a family. Taoists believe good Fengshui could keep the yin-yang balance and could bring fortune.BibliographyChang, K. C. Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and H

36、istorical Perspectives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.Ebrey, Patricia B. Chinese Civilization A Sourcebook. New York: The Free Press, 1993._ The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. London: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Eng, Kuan Khun. “The Changing Moral Economy of Ancestor Worsh

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38、se of China.” Psychology in the School 40(1) 2003: 103-114.Tan, AmyThe Joy Luck ClubNew York：Ballantine Books，1990.Tuan, Nien-Tsu & Ryan, Tom. “Is the Wind, or the Flag, Moving? An Oriental Perspective on the Complex Problem.” System Research and Behavioral Science 19(2002): 271-279.Wang, Huarong. “

39、The Bridge of Cultural Understanding in The Joy Luck Club”. Journal of Honghe University 2(2004): 40-43.Wang, Qi & Li, Jin. “Chinese Childrens Self-concepts in the Domains of Learning and Social Relations.” Psychology in the School 40(1) (2003): 85-101.Zhu, Zhichang. “Confucianism in Action: Recent

40、Developments in Oriental Systems Methodology.” System Research and Behavioral Science 15 (1998): 111-130.陳愛敏. 當(dāng)代美國華裔文學(xué)的文化關(guān)照. 文史哲, 2003 (4): 116-120.何立群, 吳金平. 風(fēng)水對小說喜福會創(chuàng)作的影響.八桂僑刊, 2002 (4): 50-52.何立群. 五行理論與喜福會的成功. 暨南學(xué)報（哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版），2005 (3): 74-77.胡勇. 文化的鄉(xiāng)愁美國華裔文學(xué)的文化認(rèn)同北京：中國戲劇出版社，2003.胡勇. 論美國華裔文學(xué)中國神話與民間傳說的利

41、用. 外國文學(xué)研究, 2003 (6): 87-92.令狐萍金山謠美國華裔婦女史北京：中國社會科學(xué)出版社，1999潘軍武. 不可思議的中國人：喜福會中的異國情調(diào)與東方主義. 武漢大學(xué): 2002.彭逢春, 羅婷. 從喜福會探析譚恩美的文化身份. 邵陽學(xué)院學(xué)報（社會科學(xué)版），2004-04 (2): 74-76.張瑞華. 解讀譚恩美喜福會中的中國麻將. 外國文學(xué)評論, 2001 (1): 95-100.趙文書Positioning Contemporary Chinese American Literature in Contested Terrains南京：南京大學(xué)出版社，2004.Net.

42、1: 陳啟智. 儒家思想與家庭倫理. 2006-01-20, Net. 2: 魯鳴陰柔文化和陽剛文化：在美國看缺少擁抱的中國人2005/08/16, Net. 3: Tan, Amy. An Interview. 2006-01-20, AcknowledgementsFirst of all, I would like to express my appreciation to all the teachers at the School (College) of _, Sichuan University, whose instructions and guidance have made

43、 my three/four years at the university a truly rewarding experience. In particular, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to Prof. _, Prof. _, and Prof. _, from whose lectures I have profited tremendously over the past few years.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt thanks to my superviso

44、r, _, for all his/her inspiring ideas and kind help throughout the process of my thesis writing. Without his/her helpful suggestions, guidance and patience, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.My thanks also go to my fellow classmates and friends who have rendered me their gen

45、erous help.I am particularly grateful to my parents for their strong support and deep care given to me during the process of my thesis writing.I am also deeply indebted to the authors mentioned in the bibliography. Their academic researches have given me a great deal of inspiration.It is my pleasure

46、 to dedicate this thesis to them all.（本篇“致謝”僅供參考，非唯一或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文本）四川大學(xué)錦城學(xué)院外語系英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文注釋及參考文獻(xiàn)格式要求一注釋格式為統(tǒng)一格式起見，本系英語專業(yè)學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文的注釋采用尾注和夾注，不采用腳注。凡是對論文中某一單詞、詞組、引文、或某一說法進行補充性說明的，采用尾注（即下文第1條所說的End-notes）的方式，但在論文里英文統(tǒng)一采用Notes一詞（見附錄1）；凡是在論文中使用直接引語或間接引語的，一律采用文中夾注的方式（見下文第2條）。1尾注（End-notes） 在正文需注釋處的右上方按順序加注數(shù)碼，在論文的正文之后寫注文

47、，每條注文加對應(yīng)數(shù)碼，回行時與上一行注文對齊。加注數(shù)碼與數(shù)碼對齊。2夾注（In-text Citations）某些引文和或所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)無需詳細(xì)注釋者，以夾注的形式隨文在括弧內(nèi)注明。1） 來自專著的直接引語，作者姓名在文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)格式： 出版年份：頁碼例如：Rees said，“As key aspects of learning are not stable，but changeable，this opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process”（1986：241）2）來自

48、專著的直接引語，作者姓名在文中沒有出現(xiàn)格式： 作者姓名 出版年份：頁碼。例如： “我們所懂得的只是實體存在的片段，可以肯定地說，一切具有重大意義的理論至多只能是部分地真實，但這不應(yīng)作為放棄理論研究的借口”(Chomsky 1979:48) 。 “One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture”（Fung 1995：71）3） 如果引述的內(nèi)容為大段原文（超過四行），所引原文左邊雙倍縮進（即10個字符），右邊與上下文對齊。 引文一般用冒號引出，引文不加引號（注意例句末句號與括號的位置）。例如： He is aware of the politics of his choice and that English is not the natural medium for his social