初中英語語法梳理和提高：數(shù)詞講解例題解析

1、數(shù) 詞英語數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序， 可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成11-12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。213-19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18較特殊， 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。320-90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80較特殊， 20

2、-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。4十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號-，如：28-twenty-eight，96-ninety-six。5百位和十位（若無十位則和個(gè)位）之間加and，如：148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。6hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百萬），billion（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加s。如：600-six hundred，8百萬-eight million。71000以上的數(shù)字，從后往前

3、數(shù)每三位加一個(gè)逗號，第一個(gè)逗號前為千（thousand），第二個(gè)逗號前為百萬（million），第三個(gè)逗號前為billion（十億）。英語中無萬這個(gè)詞，我們可以用幾十個(gè)千（thousand）表示幾萬，幾百個(gè)千（thousand）表示幾十萬。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。二、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞一般是以與之

4、相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)， 有特別之處。1.one- first,two - second,three - third, five - fifth, nine - ninth, twelve - twelfth2. 以ty 結(jié)尾的單詞， 要先變y為I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞， 要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 例如： twenty-one - twenty-first, one hundred and one -

5、 one hundred and first注意： 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞， 有時(shí)還可以用不定冠詞 a/an 則表示 又一 的意思。例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外還有一輛車。He has tried a second time. 他又嘗試了一次。三、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用1時(shí)刻的表示：小時(shí)、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5點(diǎn)鐘-five（oclock）幾點(diǎn)過幾分 ，30分鐘用介詞past。如： 7：05-five past seven；7：15-fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30-

6、half past seven。差幾分幾點(diǎn)用介詞to。如：7：40-twenty to eight；7：45-fifteen（a quarter to eight。日常生活中的時(shí)間讀法常常簡化，直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如：7：05-seven o five；7：15- seven fifteen。2年月日的表示： 年份用基數(shù)詞，如：1999年-nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年-nineteen hundred； 2000-two thousand；1905-nineteen o five； 年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。如：1998年6月8日 寫作：June 8，1998；讀作：

7、June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世紀(jì)、年代表示法：（在）90年代 (in) the nineties（在）19世紀(jì) (in) the nineteenth century（在）18世紀(jì)30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4編號的表示： Lesson One the first lesson第一課； Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽車； 表示住所時(shí)不用No如：302房間-Room 302（讀作：room three o two）； 如果編號的

8、數(shù)詞比較長，一般用基數(shù)詞。如：Page 457第457頁； 電話號碼，用基數(shù)詞,如：-three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。5分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1，分母則加s。如：13 one third，23two thirds；另外：12 a（one）half; 14one fourth或a（one）quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒6. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。

9、5.5 five point five12.135 twelve point one three five7表示百分?jǐn)?shù)5：five percent (per cent)， 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。5.5 five point five12.135 twelve point one three five9其他用法：1）基數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如：一個(gè)五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy；一座800米長的橋an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-me

10、tre relay race。2）具體數(shù)詞metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：長江長6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long3）表示幾十歲用序數(shù)詞，eg. 在他三十幾歲時(shí) in his thirties4）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)：(一倍用once，兩倍用 twice，兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞times。如：5倍five times)。例如：He is as tall a boy as I.He is a head taller than I .He is two years o

11、lder than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as

12、 much for the house.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of t

13、he four? - _.A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _.A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)，它們后面不能加s,若這些詞后面有介詞of (幾百，成百上千) ，thousands of (幾千，數(shù)千個(gè))，millions of, bill

14、ions of 前不可用數(shù)詞修飾。但可用many, some, several 等修飾。故選答案D.2答案： B。此題主要考查序數(shù)詞的運(yùn)用。3答案：C。此題主要考查英語中的分?jǐn)?shù)表示法。英語中表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子用基數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，表示分母的序數(shù)詞后要加s.4答案： A。 此題主要考查基數(shù)詞的編號。在通常情況下，名詞編號有這幾種表示法： 1。事物名詞+基數(shù)詞，且每個(gè)單詞的首字母都要大寫。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠詞+基數(shù)詞+事物名詞。如： No. 6 Middle School練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！選擇填空：1. _ of people in the w

15、orld are sending information by E-mail ever day.A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2. About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water.A. three quarter, isB. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _ time to finish t

16、he work.A. one and a half yearsB. a year and half C. one and a half yearsD. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、-For _ .A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany in _ , he was already in _ .A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties;

17、his sixtiesC. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor.A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the secondC. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second7December is _ month of the year.A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve8This took place in the _ .A. 1940 B.

18、1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th9It is only _ from my home to the train station.A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes s walk D. ten minutes walk10There are _ in this building , I live on _.A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth flo

19、or,the ninth floor11The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峽大壩) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meterC. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There are _ days in a year.A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and s

20、ixty -five D. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -How many teachers are there in your school?- _. , but Im not sure.A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred14. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousandsD. two thousands of15. - Whats one fourth and a half,