初中定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)用法大全

1、定語(yǔ)從句 走進(jìn)中考 定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于學(xué)生分析不清楚先行詞， 不能正確使用關(guān)系 代詞和關(guān)系副詞，不能正確理解定語(yǔ)從句中的一些特殊用法。 中考對(duì) 于定語(yǔ)從句的掌握要求如下： 1. 掌握關(guān)系代詞的用法，特別是that， which ， who，whom ， whose作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的用法。 2. 掌握關(guān)系副詞when , where， why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法； 3. 掌握“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法，尤其是介詞的選取和使用； 4. 掌握關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法的異同； 5. 掌握表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副 詞的選擇問(wèn)題。 思維導(dǎo)圖 定語(yǔ)從句 宦語(yǔ)從句位置、 I念

2、及構(gòu)成 興系代詞引導(dǎo)的定 1 語(yǔ)從句 興系副詞引導(dǎo)的定 1 語(yǔ)從句 I概念和位置 that引導(dǎo) which引導(dǎo) |whoi whom弓| 導(dǎo) | whose引導(dǎo) when引導(dǎo) where引導(dǎo) why引導(dǎo) F用which不用tha IWisKWfflBBll 宦語(yǔ)從句中的主謂1 1意事項(xiàng)1 一致1 卡系代詞和關(guān)系副 I詞的區(qū)別 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 1. 定語(yǔ)從句的概念和位置 在句子中起定語(yǔ)作用的從句成為定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在句子的作用相當(dāng)于形容 詞，故又稱為形容詞從句。（在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句） e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing

3、 on the stage? This is the museum which was built last year. 2. 先行詞和關(guān)系代詞 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，指代先行詞，放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作 用，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的某一個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等）； 關(guān)系代詞 定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系詞 that, who, whom, whose, which 關(guān)系副詞 f whEi% whEre, why e.g.: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my un cle.

4、先行詞關(guān)系代詞（在從句中做主語(yǔ)） The train which has just left is for She nzhe n. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞（做主語(yǔ)） Let s find a place where we can have a picnic. 先行詞關(guān)系副詞（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） 定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu) He has a car. + =He has a car 關(guān)系代詞二連接詞+ 代詞 成： The car has 7 seats. and it has 7 seats. =He has a car which has 7 seats. The hotel is very clea n. + We s

5、tayed here. =The hotel where we stayed was very clea n. We met a man. + The man directed us to the factory. =We met a man and he directed us to the factory. =We met a man who directed us to the factory. 3. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 出題點(diǎn)：A指代人的關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的用法; B指代物的關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的用法。 關(guān)系代詞在句子中起連接、替代的作用，在句子中充當(dāng)一定的成分，

6、修飾前 面的先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 that ，which，who whom whose, 主要用法如下表格： 先行詞 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 所有格 人 Who/that Whom/that Whose 事物、動(dòng)詞 Which/that Which/that Whose 人+動(dòng)物 人+事物 that that 關(guān)系代詞與普通代詞的區(qū)別： 普通代詞只起替代作用。 關(guān)系代詞替代先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，同時(shí)把先行詞與定語(yǔ) 從句聯(lián)系在一起，起連詞的作用。 i. That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 That可以指人也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。作賓 語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不可提到

7、 that之前，若介詞提到前 面，指物用 which指人用whom e.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept. We need a person that is right for the job. The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. ii. Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 Which 一般指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 which 可以省略(放介詞后除外)： e.g.: The rive

8、r which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously. The story (which) he told was very popular. The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. iii. Who whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 二者都用于指人。Who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；whom在定語(yǔ)從句中 作賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 who, whom可以省略(介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系 代詞除外) e.g.: -We are proud of Mo Yan.

9、-Yes. He is a great writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. e.g.: Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane. 注意：先行詞為 one, ones, anyone或 those時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系 代詞用who e.g.: God helps those who help themselves!助者天助之。 重點(diǎn)提醒：whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞提到whom前 面時(shí)，不能用 who代替：e.g.: The personto

10、who you just talked is Deep錯(cuò)誤） 應(yīng)該為to whom 或者可以這樣表達(dá)：The personwho/whom you just talked to is Deep.（正 確） 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who代替， 但who不用于介詞之后。在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，whom不可用who代替。 iv. Whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。 e.g.: Do you knowthe girl whoseJapanese is excellent? I d like room whosewindow loo

11、ks out over the sea. 重點(diǎn)提升：有時(shí)“ whose+名詞”可用“限定詞+名詞+of which/whom ” 或者“ of which/whom+限定詞+名詞”來(lái)替代。 e.g.: He lives in a house whose windows face south. =He lives in a house whose windows face south. =He lives in a house the windows of which face south. 另：whose+名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，名詞前不能再接限定詞，只有轉(zhuǎn)換為“限定 詞+名詞+of which/

12、whom ”或“ of which/whom+限定詞+名詞”時(shí)，名詞前面可 以有限定詞。 4. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 出題點(diǎn) :關(guān)系副詞 when, where，why的用法 關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，一般不可省略。常用的關(guān)系副詞有when， where，why等。選擇哪一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞要看其前面的先行詞。 關(guān)系副詞 先行詞 在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?Where 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) When 表示時(shí)間的名詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Why Reason 原因狀語(yǔ) e.g. I remember the day. + We first met then. =I remember the day when w

13、e first met. 關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 on which （1）when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常為 time， day，week等表示時(shí)間的名詞。此時(shí)時(shí)?？捎?on which, in which, during which 等替代。 e.g.: April the first is the day when people make fun of others. I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 注意：當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代

14、詞不能用 when。 (2) where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞常為 place, house country等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。此時(shí)常可以用in which,at which等替代。 e.g.: Last year my parents went tdhe farm where they worked 30years ago. 先行詞關(guān)系副詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which Keep the books ina placewhere you can find them easily. 先行詞 關(guān)系副詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 at which (3) why

15、引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常為reason, 此時(shí)?？梢杂胒or which來(lái)代替。 e.g.: I know the reasonwhy she left you. 先行詞關(guān)系副詞作原因狀語(yǔ) Please tell methe reasonwhy she is crying so badly. 注意：先行詞是the reason,關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。但 是當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能用why，要用that或 which引導(dǎo)。 5. 定語(yǔ)從句中的注意事項(xiàng) 出題點(diǎn)：A.只用that不用which的情況 B. 只用wh

16、ich不用that的情況 C. 定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致 D. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇 (1) 只用that不用which的情況； A. 先行詞時(shí)不定代詞或者被不定代詞修飾時(shí) 先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing, few, all, none, little, some等, 或者由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 用 that 不用 which。 e.g.: Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? Any

17、man that doesn t have a sense of duty can t do the thing well. B. 先行詞時(shí)序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級(jí)或者被其修飾時(shí) e.g.: The first thi ng that my brother is going to do this after noon is to study physics. I have found the best waythat could finish the test. C. 先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時(shí) e.g.: He was watchingthe children and parcels

18、that filled with the car. Jack took photographs ofthe things and peoplethat he was in terested in. D. 當(dāng)主句是以who或者which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí) e.g.: Who is the pers on that is sta nding at the gate? Which is the bike that you lost? E. 先行詞前有the only, the very等修飾時(shí) e.g.: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.

19、 After the fire, the old car was the only thing that he owned. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以here , there開(kāi)頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí)，用that而 不用which引導(dǎo) e.g. : Here is the book that you are looking for. 口訣記憶： 只用 that 的情況：the only ， the very ，the same，no, any 先行 詞即有人又有物，高級(jí)，不定和序數(shù)。 （2）只用which不用that的情況 A. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞且指物時(shí) e.g.: I m looking for a co

20、ntainer which I can put all these peaches. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. B. 先行詞本身就是that時(shí) e.g.: I don t likeatwhich he did. What is that which is on the ground? C. 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞與先行詞之間常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 e.g.: Football, which is a very in terest ing game,

21、 is played all over the world. Their house was washed away by the floods, which made them sad. 另：限定性定語(yǔ)從句即我們初中階段所學(xué)的定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間 的關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等，不能去掉。 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句主要起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，往往用逗號(hào)與先行詞隔開(kāi)，去掉 后不影響主句的意義。 （3）定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致 這里指關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 要與先行詞一致的問(wèn)題。先行詞時(shí)單數(shù)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；先行詞是復(fù) 數(shù)時(shí)，從句的

22、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 e.g.: The man who is playi ng football is my PE teacher. I love sin gers who write their own music. 要點(diǎn)提升: “One of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； “ the onl y/very/right o ne of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)形式。 e.g.: Tom is one of the stude nts who were awarded. Tom is the on ly one of the stu

23、de nts who was awarded. （4）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇 A.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷 一般定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是及物動(dòng)詞，后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)就用關(guān)系代詞；如果 是不及物動(dòng)詞就用關(guān)系副詞。 e.g.: This is the factory that/which I visited last year. This is the factory where I used to work. 小貼士 ：定語(yǔ)從句中究竟用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，把握好一個(gè)原則：弄清 楚它在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，即用關(guān)系副詞，反之則用關(guān)系代詞。 B.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中所缺少的成分判斷

24、 分析定語(yǔ)從句缺失何種成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ))，如果缺少主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞；缺少狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞。 e.g.: Is this the museum(that/which) you visited a few days ago? Visited后面缺少賓語(yǔ) Is this the museumwhere the exhibiti on was held? Was held后面缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) (5) “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法 有時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞可以提到關(guān)系代詞之前，形成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié) 構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中個(gè)關(guān)系代詞可用 which，whose, whose, whom，不可以用that和 who。該